J/AJ/160/186 Gaia survey of stars associated with Lupus Clouds (Luhman, 2020)
A Gaia survey for young stars associated with the Lupus Clouds.
Luhman K.L.
<Astron. J., 160, 186 (2020)>
=2020AJ....160..186L 2020AJ....160..186L
ADC_Keywords: Surveys; Stars, brown dwarf; Photometry; Optical; Infrared;
Parallaxes, trigonometric; Proper motions; Radial velocities
Keywords: Brown dwarfs ; Star formation ; Initial mass function ;
Low mass stars ; OB associations ; Stellar associations ;
Circumstellar disks ; Protoplanetary disks
Abstract:
I have used high-precision photometry and astrometry from the second
data release of the Gaia mission to perform a survey for young stars
associated with the Lupus clouds, which have distances of ∼160pc and
reside within the Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) OB association. The
Gaia data have made it possible to distinguish Lupus members from most
of the stars in other groups in Sco-Cen that overlap with the Lupus
clouds, which have contaminated previous surveys. The new catalog of
candidate Lupus members should be complete for spectral types earlier
than M7 at AK<0.2 within fields encompassing clouds 1-4. I have used
that catalog to characterize various aspects of the Lupus stellar
population. For instance, the sequence of low- mass stars in Lupus is
∼0.4mag brighter than the sequence for Upper Sco, which implies an age
of ∼6Myr based an adopted age of 10-12Myr for Upper Sco and the change
in luminosity with age predicted by evolutionary models. I also find
that the initial mass function in Lupus is similar to that in other
nearby star-forming regions based on a comparison of their
distributions of spectral types.
Description:
The data products from Gaia DR2 employed in this study include
photometry in bands at 3300-10500Å (G), 3300-6800Å (GBP), and
6300-10500Å (GRP); proper motions and parallaxes (G≲20); and
radial velocities (G∼4-12). In addition, I have made use of the
renormalized unit weight error (RUWE) from Lindegren (2018,
http://www.rssd.esa.int/doc_fetch.php?id=3757412), which serves as an
indicator of the goodness of fit for the astrometry. As done in Upper
Sco by Luhman & Esplin (2020), I have adopted a threshold of RUWE<1.6
when selecting astrometry that is likely to be reliable.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 424 191 Candidate members of Lupus at l=335-345deg and
b=5-19deg that have Gaia kinematics
table2.dat 302 23 On-cloud candidate members of Lupus that lack Gaia
kinematics
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See also:
III/182 : HDE Charts: positions, proper motions (Nesterov+ 1995)
II/332 : c2d Spitzer final data release (DR4) (Evans+, 2003)
II/359 : The VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) catalog DR4.1 (McMahon+, 2013)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/A+AS/123/329 : New weak-line T Tauri stars in Lupus (Krautter+ 1997)
J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)
J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)
J/A+A/356/541 : T Tauri stars in the Sco-Cen OB association (Koehler+, 2000)
J/AJ/124/1670 : Post-T Tauri Stars in Sco-Cen Association (Mamajek+, 2002)
J/ApJ/620/1010 : Spitzer 24µm photometry of A dwarfs (Rieke+, 2005)
J/A+A/460/695 : Search for Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+,2006)
J/ApJ/667/308 : Weak-line T Tauri in Spitzer c2d Survey. II. (Cieza+, 2007)
J/ApJ/662/1067 : Sptizer observations of sigma Orionis (Hernandez+, 2007)
J/ApJS/177/551 : Spitzer c2d survey of Lupus dark clouds (Merin+, 2008)
J/A+A/500/1045 : Cool stars and brown dwarfs in Lupus clouds (Comeron+, 2009)
J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)
J/ApJ/724/835 : The Spitzer c2d survey of WTTSs. III. (Wahhaj+, 2010)
J/ApJ/758/31 : IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012)
J/ApJ/746/154 : Improved kinematic plxs for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)
J/ApJ/749/79 : Transition disks. II. Southern MoC (Romero+, 2012)
J/A+A/551/A107 : X-shooter spectra of 24 young stellar objects (Manara+, 2013)
J/A+A/561/A2 : 36 accreting YSOs emission lines (Alcala+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/126 : IR photometry of all known members in Taurus (Esplin+, 2014)
J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/159 : SONYC census of substellar objects in Lupus 3 (Muzic+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)
J/A+A/585/A38 : All-sky extinction maps (Juvela+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)
J/A+A/600/A20 : Lupus YSOs X-shooter spectroscopy (Alcala+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/256 : VLM stars and BDs in Upper Sco using Gaia DR1 (Cook+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/134 : Planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the Taurus SFR (Esplin+, 2017)
J/A+A/602/A33 : X-Shooter spectroscopy of YSOs in Lupus (Frasca+, 2017)
J/A+A/619/A52 : Dense cores and YSOs in Lupus complex (Benedettini+, 2018)
J/ApJ/867/151 : YSOs in the Gould Belt regions with Gaia-DR2 (Dzib+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/75 : Circumstellar disks in Upper Sco association (Esplin+, 2018)
J/ApJ/868/32 : A large moving group within LCC association (Goldman+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/271 : The stellar membership of the Taurus SFR (Luhman, 2018)
J/AJ/156/76 : New young stars and brown dwarfs in Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A12 : Gaia DR1 Upper Scorpius new memb. candid. (Wilkinson+, 2018)
J/A+A/626/A80 : Census of Rho Oph candid. memb. from Gaia DR2 (Canovas+,2019)
J/A+A/623/A112 : The Sco OB2 population from Gaia DR2 data (Damiani+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/54 : New Taurus memb. from stellar to planet. masse (Esplin+,2019)
J/AJ/159/282 : Membership in Ophiuchus & Upper Scorpius (Esplin+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/44 : Upper Scorpius spectroscopy and photometry (Luhman+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/200 : Young stellar objects in Lupus star-forming (Melton, 2020)
J/A+A/633/A51 : Distances to molecular clouds in SFR (Zucker+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR2 source name
21- 37 A17 --- 2MASS ? 2MASS Point Source Catalog source name
39- 57 A19 --- WISEA ? AllWISE Source Catalog source name
59- 88 A30 --- OName ? Other source name
90- 99 F10.6 deg RAdeg [231/250] Right Ascension, Gaia DR2 (J2000)
101-110 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-44/-30] Declination, (J2000)
112-135 A24 --- SpType ? Spectral type
137-149 A13 --- r_SpType ? Spectral type reference (1)
151-157 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA [-21/-6]? Proper motion in right ascension,
Gaia DR2
159-163 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.05/3.8]? Error in pmRA
165-171 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE [-29/-19]? Proper motion in declination,
Gaia DR2
173-177 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.03/2.5]? Error in pmDE
179-183 F5.3 mas plx [5.15/7.89]? Parallax from Gaia DR2
185-189 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.03/2.5]? Error in plx
191-195 F5.2 km/s RVel [-4.3/16]? Radial velocity
197-200 F4.2 km/s e_RVel [0.27/3.9]? Error in RVel
202-202 I1 --- r_RVel [1/7]? Radial velocity reference (2)
204-209 F6.2 km/s U [-10.2/9.5]? U component of space velocity
211-214 F4.2 km/s e_U [0.26/3.8]? Error in U
216-221 F6.2 km/s V [-23.1/-14.1]? V component of space velocity
223-226 F4.2 km/s e_V [0.15/2]? Error in V
228-233 F6.2 km/s W [-10.1/-3.7]? W component of space velocity
235-238 F4.2 km/s e_W [0.1/1.2]? Error in W
240-245 F6.3 mag Gmag [7.33/20.5] G magnitude from Gaia DR2
247-251 F5.3 mag e_Gmag [0.001/0.03] Error in Gmag
253-258 F6.3 mag GBPmag [7.42/21.53]? GBP magnitude from Gaia DR2
260-264 F5.3 mag e_GBPmag [0.002/0.24]? Error in GBPmag
266-271 F6.3 mag GRPmag [7.17/18.64]? GRP magnitude from Gaia DR2
273-277 F5.3 mag e_GRPmag [0.001/0.08]? Error in GRPmag
279-283 F5.2 --- RUWE [0.85/11] Renormalized unit weight error
285-289 F5.2 mag Jmag [5.91/15.3]? J magnitude
291-294 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.07]? Error in Jmag
296-300 F5.2 mag Hmag [5.22/14.1]? H magnitude
302-305 F4.2 mag e_Hmag [0.02/0.16]? Error in Hmag
307-311 F5.2 mag Ksmag [4.39/13.9]? Ks magnitude
313-316 F4.2 mag e_Ksmag [0.01/0.09]? Error in Ksmag
318-320 A3 --- r_JHK ? JHKs reference (3)
322-326 F5.2 mag W1mag [4.28/12.87]? WISE W1 magnitude
328-331 F4.2 mag e_W1mag [0.02/0.27]? Error in W1mag
333-337 A5 --- f_W1mag ? Flag on W1mag (4)
339-343 F5.2 mag W2mag [6.44/12.65]? WISE W2 magnitude
345-348 F4.2 mag e_W2mag [0.02/0.06]? Error in W2mag
350-354 A5 --- f_W2mag ? Flag on W2mag (4)
356-360 F5.2 mag W3mag [1.28/11.76]? WISE W3 magnitude
362-365 F4.2 mag e_W3mag [0.01/0.28]? Error in W3mag
367-371 A5 --- f_W3mag ? Flag on W3mag (4)
373-377 F5.2 mag W4mag [-0.79/8.31]? WISE W4 magnitude
379-382 F4.2 mag e_W4mag [0.01/0.28]? Error in W4mag
384-388 A5 --- f_W4mag ? Flag on W4mag (4)
390-391 A2 --- ExcW2 ? Excess present in W2?
393-394 A2 --- ExcW3 ? Excess present in W3?
396-397 A2 --- ExcW4 ? Excess present in W4?
399-400 A2 --- Exc4.5 ? Excess present in [4.5]?
402-402 A1 --- Exc8.0 ? Excess present in [8.0]?
404-405 A2 --- Exc24 ? Excess present in [24]?
407-422 A16 --- DiskType ? Disk Type
424-424 A1 --- OnCloud Near Lupus clouds 1-4? (5)
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Krautter+, 1997, J/A+AS/123/329
2 = Torres+, 2006, J/A+A/460/695
3 = Appenzeller+, 1983A&AS...53..291A 1983A&AS...53..291A
4 = Heyer & Graham, 1989PASP..101..816H 1989PASP..101..816H
5 = Hughes+, 1994AJ....108.1071H 1994AJ....108.1071H
6 = Koehler+, 2000, J/A+A/356/541
7 = Herczeg & Hillenbrand, 2014, J/ApJ/786/97
8 = Alcala+, 2017, J/A+A/600/A20
9 = Alcala+, 2014, J/A+A/561/A2
10 = Herbig+, 1977ApJ...214..747H 1977ApJ...214..747H
11 = Alcala+, 2020A&A...635L...1A 2020A&A...635L...1A
12 = Martin+, 1994ApJ...436..262M 1994ApJ...436..262M
13 = Houk, 1978mcts.book.....H 1978mcts.book.....H
14 = Pecaut & Mamajek, 2016, J/MNRAS/461/794
15 = Mortier+, 2011MNRAS.418.1194M 2011MNRAS.418.1194M
16 = Romero+, 2012, J/ApJ/749/79
17 = Cannon & Pickering, 1921AnHar..96....1C 1921AnHar..96....1C
18 = Houk, 1982mcts.book.....H 1982mcts.book.....H
19 = Comeron+, 2013A&A...554A..86C 2013A&A...554A..86C
20 = Muzic+, 2014, J/ApJ/785/159
21 = Allen+, 2007ApJ...655.1095A 2007ApJ...655.1095A
22 = Comeron+, 2003A&A...406.1001C 2003A&A...406.1001C
23 = Manara+, 2013, J/A+A/551/A107
24 = Muzic+, 2015ApJ...810..159M 2015ApJ...810..159M
25 = Blondel & Tjin A Djie, 2006A&A...456.1045B 2006A&A...456.1045B
26 = Manara+, 2014A&A...568A..18M 2014A&A...568A..18M
27 = Mamajek+, 2002, J/AJ/124/1670
28 = Nesterov+, 1995, III/182
Note (2): References as follows:
1 = Gaia DR2, 2018, I/345
2 = Frasca+, 2017, J/A+A/602/A33
3 = Galli+, 2013A&A...558A..77G 2013A&A...558A..77G
4 = Torres+, 2006, J/A+A/460/695
5 = Alcala+, 2020A&A...635L...1A 2020A&A...635L...1A
6 = Gontcharov, 2006, III/252
7 = Wichmann+, 1999MNRAS.307..909W 1999MNRAS.307..909W
Note (3): References as follows:
2 = 2MASS Point Source Catalog, 2003, II/246
6 = 2MASS 6X Point Source, 2006, II/281
a = Alcala+, 2014, J/A+A/561/A2
v = VISTA VHS DR6 2013, II/359
Note (4): Flags as follows
nodet = non-detection;
sat = saturated;
bl = photometry may be affected by blending with a nearby star;
bin = includes an unresolved binary companion;
unres = too close to a brighter star to be detected;
false = detection from WISE catalog appears false or unreliable based
on visual inspection;
err = W2 magnitudes brighter than ∼6 are erroneous.
Note (5): Indicates whether the star is located within one of the circular
and elliptical fields encompassing clouds 1-4 in Figure 1.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia ? Gaia DR2 source name
21- 37 A17 --- 2MASS ? 2MASS Point Source Catalog source name
39- 57 A19 --- WISEA ? AllWISE Source Catalog source name
59- 85 A27 --- OName ? Other source name
87- 96 F10.6 deg RAdeg [235/243] Right Ascension (J2000) (1)
98-107 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-43/-34] Declination (J2000) (1)
109-120 A12 --- SpType ? Spectral type
122-126 A5 --- r_SpType ? Spectral type reference (2)
128-133 F6.3 mag Gmag [11.78/19.05]? G magnitude from Gaia DR2
135-139 F5.3 mag e_Gmag [0.001/0.009]? Error in Gmag
141-146 F6.3 mag GBPmag [12.58/21.01]? GBP magnitude from Gaia DR2
148-152 F5.3 mag e_GBPmag [0.003/0.17]? Error in GBPmag
154-159 F6.3 mag GRPmag [10.77/17.45]? GRP magnitude from Gaia DR2
161-165 F5.3 mag e_GRPmag [0.001/0.08]? Error in GRPmag
167-171 F5.2 --- RUWE [4.59/67.74]? renormalized unit weight error
173-177 F5.2 mag Jmag [9.22/17.54]? J magnitude
179-182 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0.02/0.14]? Error in Jmag
184-188 F5.2 mag Hmag [8.1/16.16]? H magnitude
190-193 F4.2 mag e_Hmag [0.02/0.1]? Error in Hmag
195-199 F5.2 mag Ksmag [7.43/17.31]? Ks magnitude
201-204 F4.2 mag e_Ksmag [0.01/0.11]? Error in Ksmag
206-208 A3 --- r_JHK ? JHKs reference (3)
210-214 F5.2 mag W1mag [6.21/15.04]? WISE W1 magnitude
216-219 F4.2 mag e_W1mag [0.02/0.07]? Error in W1mag
221-225 A5 --- f_W1mag ? Flag on W1mag (4)
227-231 F5.2 mag W2mag [8.22/13.84]? WISE W2 magnitude
233-236 F4.2 mag e_W2mag [0.02/0.04]? Error in W2mag
238-242 A5 --- f_W2mag ? Flag on W2mag (4)
244-248 F5.2 mag W3mag [4.06/11.38]? WISE W3 magnitude
250-253 F4.2 mag e_W3mag [0.01/0.25]? Error in W3mag
255-259 A5 --- f_W3mag ? Flag on W3mag (4)
261-264 F4.2 mag W4mag [1.94/8.37]? WISE W4 magnitude
266-269 F4.2 mag e_W4mag [0.01/0.3]? Error in W4mag
271-275 A5 --- f_W4mag ? Flag on W4mag (4)
277-278 A2 --- ExcW2 ? Excess present in W2?
280-280 A1 --- ExcW3 ? Excess present in W3?
282-282 A1 --- ExcW4 ? Excess present in W4?
284-285 A2 --- Exc4.5 ? Excess present in [4.5]?
287-287 A1 --- Exc8.0 ? Excess present in [8.0]?
289-289 A1 --- Exc24 ? Excess present in [24]?
291-302 A12 --- DiskType ? Disk Type
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Note (1): Right ascension and declination are from Gaia DR2, the 2MASS Point
Source Catalog, and the AllWISE Source Catalog in order of preference.
Note (2): References as follows:
1 = Heyer & Graham, 1989PASP..101..816H 1989PASP..101..816H
2 = Hughes+, 1994AJ....108.1071H 1994AJ....108.1071H
3 = Alcala+, 2014, J/A+A/561/A2
4 = Mortier+, 2011MNRAS.418.1194M 2011MNRAS.418.1194M
5 = Alcala+, 2017, J/A+A/600/A20
6 = Krautter+, 1997, J/A+AS/123/329
7 = Romero+, 2012, J/ApJ/749/79
8 = Comeron+, 2013A&A...554A..86C 2013A&A...554A..86C
Note (3): References as follows:
2 = 2MASS Point Source Catalog, 2003, II/246
6 = 2MASS 6X Point Source Working, 2006, II/281
v = VISTA VHS DR6 2013, II/359
Note (4): Flags as follows:
nodet = non-detection;
bl = photometry may be affected by blending with a nearby star;
ext = photometry is contaminated by extended emission;
bin = includes an unresolved binary companion;
unres = too close to a brighter star to be detected;
false = detection from WISE catalog appears false or unreliable based
on visual inspection;
err = W2 magnitudes brighter than ∼6 are erroneous.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 19-Nov-2020