J/AJ/161/63 M dwarfs with masses 0.1≲M/M☉≲0.3 within 15pc (Winters+, 2021)
The volume-complete sample of M dwarfs with masses 0.1≲M/M☉≲0.3 within
15parsecs.
Winters J.G., Charbonneau D., Henry T.J., Irwin J.M., Jao W.-C.,
Riedel A.R., Slatten K.
<Astron. J., 161, 63 (2021)>
=2021AJ....161...63W 2021AJ....161...63W
ADC_Keywords: Stars, dwarfs; Stars, M-type; Proper motions;
Parallaxes, trigonometric; Photometry, UBVRIJKLMNH
Keywords: Low mass stars ; Stellar populations ; M dwarf stars ;
Solar neighborhood
Abstract:
M dwarfs with masses 0.1≲M/M☉≲0.3 are under increasing scrutiny
because these fully convective stars pose interesting astrophysical
questions regarding their magnetic activity and angular momentum
history. They also afford the most accessible near future opportunity
to study the atmospheres of terrestrial planets. Because they are
intrinsically low in luminosity, the identification of the nearest
examples of these M dwarfs is essential for progress. We present the
volume-complete, all-sky list of 512 M dwarfs with masses
0.1≲M/M☉≲0.3 and with trigonometric distances placing them
within 15pc (πtrig≳66.67mas) from which we have created a sample
of 413 M dwarfs for spectroscopic study. We present the mass function
for these 512 M dwarfs, which increases with decreasing stellar mass
in linear mass space, but is flat in logarithmic mass space. As part
of this sample, we present new VJRKCIKC photometry for 17 targets,
measured as a result of the RECONS group's long-term work at the
CTIO/SMARTS 0.9m telescope. We also note the details of targets that
are known to be members of multiple systems and find a preliminary
multiplicity rate of 21%±2% for the primary M dwarfs in our sample
when considering known stellar and brown dwarf companions at all
separations from their primaries. We further find that 43±2% of
all M dwarfs with masses 0.1≲M/M☉≲0.3 are found in multiple
systems with primary stars of all masses within 15pc.
Description:
Since September 2016, several of us (JW, DC, and JI) have been
conducting an all-sky, multi-epoch, high-resolution spectroscopic
survey of all known M dwarfs with masses 0.1≲M/M☉≲0.3 within
15pc. For targets north of δ=-15°, we are using the
Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES; R∼44000) on the 1.5m
telescope at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) on
Mt.Hopkins, AZ. For targets south of δ=-15°, we are using
the HIgh ResolutiON (CHIRON; R∼80000 via slicer mode) spectrograph at
the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory / Small and Moderate
Aperture Research Telescope System (CTIO / SMARTS) 1.5m telescope.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 460 512 Astrometry, Photometry, and Multiplicity
Information for 512 M Dwarfs
table4.dat 409 120 Astrometry, Photometry, and Multiplicity
Information for 120 Candidate & Rejected M Dwarfs
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See also:
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/298 : LSPM-North Catalog (Lepine+ 2005)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/PASP/94/244 : UBVRI standard stars in the E-regions (Graham, 1982)
J/AJ/106/773 : Mass-luminosity relation (Henry+, 1993)
J/AJ/105/1962 : K and M stars photometry (Weis, 1993)
J/AJ/108/2338 : Photographic astrometry. VIII. (Heintz 1994)
J/A+A/341/121 : Visual binary orbits and masses (Soederhjelm 1999)
J/A+AS/144/45 : Hipparcos astrometry for 257 stars (Fabricius+, 2000)
J/MNRAS/334/20 : IBV(RI)c photometry of HIP red stars (Koen+, 2002)
J/AJ/123/2822 : Photometry of southern NLTT stars (Reid+, 2002)
J/AJ/126/3007 : Spectroscopy of faint red NLTT dwarfs (Reid+, 2003)
J/ApJ/582/1011 : Revised NLTT Catalog (Salim+, 2003)
J/AJ/128/463 : Preliminary 20pc census from NLTT catalogue (Reid+, 2004)
J/ApJS/161/394 : Low-luminosity companions to white dwarfs (Farihi+, 2005)
J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectro. binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)
J/AJ/133/2502 : UBVRI Standard Stars (Landolt, 2007)
J/AJ/136/452 : Astrometric studies of GAT stars (Gatewood, 2008)
J/ApJ/691/1400 : Absolute properties of CM Dra (Morales+, 2009)
J/AJ/139/205 : 2007-2008 WIYN speckle obs. of binaries (Horch+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/403/1949 : UBV(RcIc)JHK photometry of HIP nearby stars (Koen+, 2010)
J/ApJ/715/1203 : υ Andromedae system with HST (McArthur+, 2010)
J/AJ/141/45 : Speckle observations of HIP stars (Horch+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/21 : CCD distance estimates of SCR targets (Winters+, 2011)
J/AJ/144/62 : Tertiary companions close spectro. binaries (Allen+,2012)
J/AJ/144/64 : Solar neighbor. XXVIII Substellar comp. (Dieterich+,2012)
J/ApJ/752/56 : BDKP. III. Parallaxes 70 ultracool dwarfs (Faherty+,2012)
J/AJ/143/10 : 2008-2009 WIYN speckle obs. binaries. VII.(Horch+, 2012)
J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)
J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc II Kinematics (Shkolnik+,2012)
J/AJ/144/102 : Wide companions to Hipparcos stars (Tokovinin+, 2012)
J/other/AstBu/68.53 : Nearby multiple Speckle interferometry. V. (Balega+,2013)
J/MNRAS/429/859 : New companions to nearby low-mass stars (Jodar+, 2013)
J/AJ/146/131 : UBVRI standard stars 50° declination (Landolt, 2013)
J/AJ/147/94 : Solar neighborhood. XXXII. L & M dwarfs (Dieterich+,2014)
J/ApJ/784/156 : Plxs 1507 nearby mid-to-late M dwarfs (Dittmann+, 2014)
J/ApJ/789/102 : Properties of late M-dwarfs (Janson+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/85 : Solar neighborhood. XXXIII. 45 M dwarfs (Riedel+, 2014)
J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+,2015)
J/AJ/150/6 : Solar neighbor. XXXVI VRI variab. M dwarfs (Hosey+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/449/2618 : M-dwarfs in Multiples (MinMs) survey I (Ward-Duong+,2015)
J/AJ/149/5 : Solar neighbor. XXXV Dist. to M dwarfs (Winters+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighbor. XXXVII RVs for M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/160 : 1103 parallaxes & proper motions from URAT (Finch+, 2016)
J/ApJ/832/L18 : Gaia DR1 parallaxes vs previous measurements (Jao+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/24 : Trigo. plxs of 134 low-mass stars (Weinberger+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/151 : The solar neighbor. XXXX New young stars (Bartlett+,2017)
J/A+A/597/A47 : CARMENES input cat. M dwarfs II (Cortes-Contreras+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/147 : Astro. & photo. late-type dwarfs&subdwarfs (Dahn+, 2017)
J/ApJS/231/15 : Astro. monitoring ultracool dwarf binaries (Dupuy+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/191 : The solar neighbor. XLII New nearby subdwarfs (Jao+,2017)
J/AJ/154/32 : Solar neighbor. XXXIX Nearby dwarfs (Subasavage+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/14 : Solar neighbor. XXXVIII Nearby M dwarf (Winters+, 2017)
J/A+A/619/A32 : CARMENES SB2 orbital parameters (Baroch+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A142 : Radial velocity for GJ 1132 (Bonfils+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/265 : The solar neighbor. XLIV RECONS discoveries (Henry+,2018)
J/AJ/155/215 : Speckle interferometry of red dwarf stars (Mason+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/49 : The solar neighbor. XLIII New nearby stars (Riedel+,2018)
J/AJ/156/259 : Robo-AO detected close binaries Gaia DR2 (Ziegler+, 2018)
J/AJ/157/216 : Stellar multip. rate Mdwarfs within 25pc (Winters+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/215 : The solar neighbor. XLVI New Mdwarf bin. (Vrijmoet+,2020)
J/MNRAS/492/2709 : Double-lined spectro. binaries catalog (Piccotti+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/290 : RVs of 12 spectroscopic binaries M-dwarfs (Winters+,2020)
J/AJ/161/23 : RV & light curve of low mass star TOI 540 (Ment+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
4- 5 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
7- 11 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
13- 13 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
14- 15 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
17- 18 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
20- 23 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
25- 39 A15 --- Name Star identification
41- 41 A1 --- Comp Component
43- 58 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS Identifier
60- 64 A5 --- Conf Configuration of Multiple Components
65- 65 A1 --- l_Sep Limit flag on Sep
66- 75 F10.4 arcsec Sep [0.001/20408]? Separation Between Multiple
Components
77- 79 A3 deg PA ? Position Angle Between Multiple Components
81- 84 I4 --- Date [1973/2019]? Year of Multiplicity Measurement
86- 91 A6 --- Tech Technique for Multiplicity Detection (1)
93-111 A19 --- r_Sep Reference for Multiplicity Detection
113-116 F4.2 mag DelMag [0/9.91]? Magnitude Difference Between
Components
118-120 A3 --- Filt Filter of Mag. Diff. Betw. Components
122-140 A19 --- r_DelMag Reference for Components Mag. Diff.
142-149 F8.2 mas/yr pmRA [-4340/6766] Proper Motion in RA
151-158 F8.2 mas/yr pmDE [-5097/10363] Proper Motion in Dec
160-178 A19 --- r_pmRA Reference for Proper Motion
180-187 F8.4 mas plx-DR2 [66.6/769]? Gaia DR2 Parallax
189-194 F6.4 mas e_plx-DR2 [0.02/1.49]? Uncertainty on Gaia DR2 Parallax
196-197 A2 --- n_plx-DR2 Note on Gaia DR2 parallax (2)
199-202 F4.2 mas epsi [0/6.71]? Gaia DR2 Astrometric Excess Noise
204-211 F8.2 --- sepsi [0/20300]? Significance of DR2 Astrometric
Excess Noise
213-218 F6.2 mas plx-lit [47.4/769]? Weighted Mean Literature Parallax
220-223 F4.2 mas e_plx-lit [0.09/9.6]? Uncertainty on Lit. Parallax
225-343 A119 --- r_plx-lit Reference(s) for Parallaxes in Lit. Plx
345-351 F7.4 mag Gmag [8.19/15.4]? Gaia Magnitude
353-358 F6.4 mag BpRp [2.30/4.5]? Gaia (B_P - R_P) Color
360-364 F5.2 mag Vmag [9.57/100]? V_J Magnitude
366-370 F5.2 mag Rmag [8.35/16.1]? R_KC Magnitude
372-376 F5.2 mag Imag [6.78/100]? I_KC Magnitude
378-397 A20 --- r_Vmag Reference for VRI Magnitudes
399-402 F4.1 mag Rtmag [10.9/15.7]? Transformed R_KC Magnitude
404-409 F6.3 mag Jmag [5.24/11.31]? 2MASS J Magnitude
411-415 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.14]? Uncertainty on 2MASS J Magnitude
417-422 F6.3 mag Hmag [4.83/10.7]? 2MASS H Magnitude
424-428 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.17]? Uncertainty on 2MASS H Magnitude
430-435 F6.3 mag Kmag [4.38/10.3]? 2MASS K_s Magnitude
437-441 F5.3 mag e_Kmag [0.01/0.12]? Uncertainty on 2MASS K_s
Magnitude
443-443 A1 --- n_Kmag Note on 2MASS K_s Magnitude (3)
445-449 F5.3 solMass Mass [0.1/0.3] Mass
451-455 F5.3 solMass e_Mass [0.001/0.08]? Uncertainty on Mass
457-457 A1 --- n_Mass Note on Mass (4)
459-460 A2 --- Memb Note on Sample Membership (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Codes as follows:
AO det = adaptive optics (13 occurrences)
astdet = detection via astrometric perturbation, companion often not
detected directly (24 occurrences)
astorb = orbit from astrometric measurements (10 occurrences)
astrad = orbit from combination of astrometric and radial velocity
measurements (17 occurrences)
eclorb = eclipsing binary orbit (2 occurrences)
lkydet = detection via lucky imaging (25 occurrences)
radorb = orbit from radial velocity measurements (24 occurrences)
spkdet = detection via speckle interferometry (7 occurrences)
visdet = detection via viual astrometry (42 occurrences)
visorb = visual orbit (1 occurrence)
Note (2): Notes as follows:
w = weighted mean of two components (23 occurrences)
A = adopted parallax & proper motion of primary component (29 occurrences)
2p = 2 parameter astrometric solution (29 occurrences)
n = no DR2 data point (40 occurrences)
Note (3): J indicates blended photometry due to a close companion
(73 occurrences).
Note (4): Mass references as follows:
a = Baroch+, 2018, J/A+A/619/A32
b = Benedict+, 2001AJ....121.1607B 2001AJ....121.1607B
c = Benedict+, 2016, J/AJ/152/141
d = Duquennoy & Mayor, 1988A&A...200..135D 1988A&A...200..135D
e = Eggenberger+, 2007A&A...474..273E 2007A&A...474..273E
f = Halbwachs+, 2000A&A...355..581H 2000A&A...355..581H
g = Han & Gatewood, 2002PASP..114..224H 2002PASP..114..224H
h = Heintz, 1988A&AS...72..543H 1988A&AS...72..543H
i = Heintz, 1993AJ....105.1188H 1993AJ....105.1188H
j = Heintz, 1994, J/AJ/108/2338
k = Henry & McCarthy, 1993, J/AJ/106/773
l = Henry+, 1999ApJ...512..864H 1999ApJ...512..864H
m = Martinache+, 2007ApJ...661..496M 2007ApJ...661..496M
n = Martinache+, 2009ApJ...695.1183M 2009ApJ...695.1183M
o = McCarthy, 1984AJ.....89..433M 1984AJ.....89..433M
p = Morales+, 2009, J/ApJ/691/1400
q = Segransan+, 2001, J/A+A/364/665
r = Tokovinin+, 2006, J/A+A/450/681
s = Tokovinin & Horch, 2016AJ....152..116T 2016AJ....152..116T
t = Winters+, 2019AJ....158..152W 2019AJ....158..152W
u = Mass calculated from orbital mass ratio
v = Mass from deblended photometry
w = Mass assumed from astrometric orbit
Note (5): Sample Membership as follows:
s = member of spectroscopic sample (413 occurrences)
sc = close companion to member of spectroscopic sample (60 occurrences)
mc = close companion to massive primary (39 occurrences)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
4- 5 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
7- 11 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
13- 13 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
14- 15 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
17- 18 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
20- 23 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
25- 39 A15 --- Name Star identification
41- 41 A1 --- Comp Component
43- 58 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS Identifier
60- 64 A5 --- Conf Configuration of Multiple Components
66- 73 F8.4 arcsec Sep [0.0003/231]? Separation Between Multiple
Components
75- 93 A19 --- r_Sep Reference for Multiplicity Detection
95- 98 F4.2 mag DelMag [0/9.8]? Magnitude Difference Between
Components
100-102 A3 --- Filt Filter of Mag. Diff. Betw. Components
104-122 A19 --- r_DelMag Reference for Components' Mag. Diff.
124-131 F8.4 mas plx-DR2 [25.9/233]? Gaia DR2 Parallax
133-138 F6.4 mas e_plx-DR2 [0.02/1.49]? Uncertainty on Gaia DR2 Parallax
140-141 A2 --- n_plx-DR2 Note on Gaia DR2 parallax (1)
143-148 F6.2 mas plx-lit [40.9/267]? Weighted Mean Literature Parallax
(2)
150-154 F5.2 mas e_plx-lit [0.37/14.2]? Uncertainty on Lit. Parallax
156-294 A139 --- r_plx-lit Reference(s) for Parallaxes in Lit. Plx
296-302 F7.4 mag Gmag [8.79/14.3]? Gaia Magnitude
304-309 F6.4 mag BpRp [2.30/4.76]? Gaia (B_P - R_P) Color
311-315 F5.2 mag Vmag [9.86/16.8]? V_J Magnitude
317-321 F5.2 mag Rmag [8.68/14.7]? R_KC Magnitude
323-327 F5.2 mag Imag [7.14/12.7]? I_KC Magnitude
329-347 A19 --- r_Vmag Reference for VRI Magnitudes
349-352 F4.1 mag Rtmag [10.9/14.6]? Transformed R_KC Magnitude
354-359 F6.3 mag Jmag [5.714/11.121]? 2MASS J Magnitude
361-365 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.018/0.09]? Uncertainty on 2MASS J Magnitude
367-372 F6.3 mag Hmag [5.21/10.6]? 2MASS H Magnitude
374-378 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.01/0.09]? Uncertainty on 2MASS H Magnitude
380-385 F6.3 mag Kmag [4.85/10.28]? 2MASS K_s Magnitude
387-391 F5.3 mag e_Kmag [0.01/10]? Uncertainty on 2MASS K_s Magnitude
393-393 A1 --- n_Kmag Note on 2MASS K_s Magnitude (3)
395-399 F5.3 solMass Mass [0.09/0.57] Mass
401-405 F5.3 solMass e_Mass [0.001/1.76]? Uncertainty on Mass
407-407 A1 --- n_Mass Note on Mass (4)
409 A1 --- Memb Membership Code (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Codes as follows:
w = weighted mean of two components (4 occurrences)
2p = 2 parameter astrometric solution (3 occurrences)
A = adopted parallax & proper motion of primary component (1 occurrence)
n = no DR2 data point (2 occurrences)
Note (2): The weighted mean includes parallaxes from binary components.
Note (3): 'J' indicates blended photometry (23 occurrences).
Note (4): References as follows:
a = Baroch+, 2018, J/A+A/619/A32
b = Piccotti+, 2020, J/MNRAS/492/2709
c = Mass from deblended photometry.
Note (5): Code as follows:
c = candidate spectroscopic member (25 occurrences)
r = rejected (95 occurrences)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 26-Mar-2021