J/AJ/162/110 Gaia EDR3 census of the Taurus-Auriga complex (Krolikowski+, 2021)
Gaia EDR3 reveals the substructure and complicated star formation history of
the greater Taurus-Auriga star-forming complex.
Krolikowski D.M., Kraus A.L., Rizzuto A.C.
<Astron. J., 162, 110-110 (2021)>
=2021AJ....162..110K 2021AJ....162..110K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Star Forming Region; Photometry, infrared; Optical; Extinction ;
Radial velocities; Spectral types
Keywords: Star formation; Star-forming regions
Abstract:
The Taurus-Auriga complex is the prototypical low-mass star-forming
region, and provides a unique testbed of the star formation process,
which left observable imprints on the spatial, kinematic, and temporal
structure of its stellar population. Taurus's rich observational
history has uncovered peculiarities that suggest a complicated
star-forming event, such as members at large distances from the
molecular clouds and evidence of an age spread. With Gaia, an in-depth
study of the Taurus census is possible, to confirm membership,
identify substructure, and reconstruct its star formation history. We
have compiled an expansive census of the greater Taurus region,
identifying spatial subgroups and confirming that Taurus is
substructured across stellar density. There are two populations of
subgroups: clustered groups near the clouds and sparse groups spread
throughout the region. The sparse groups comprise Taurus's distributed
population, which is on average older than the population near the
clouds, and hosts subpopulations up to 15Myr old. The ages of the
clustered groups increase with distance, suggesting that the current
star formation was triggered from behind. Still, the region is
kinematically coherent, and its velocity structure reflects an initial
turbulent spectrum similar to Larson's Law that has been modified by
dynamical relaxation. Overall, Taurus has a complicated star formation
history, with at least two epochs of star formation featuring both
clustered and distributed modes. Given the correlations between age
and spatial distribution, Taurus might be part of a galaxy-scale
star-forming event that can only begin to be understood in the Gaia
era.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 260 587 Gaia EDR3 census of the Taurus-Auriga complex
table2.dat 170 71 Census of the Taurus-Auriga complex without
Gaia EDR3 sources
refsrv.dat 68 26 References used for radial velocities
refsspt.dat 68 53 References used for spectral types
refsext.dat 68 27 References used for extinctions
refsbin.dat 68 35 References used for binarities
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See also:
VII/220 : Barnard's Catalogue of 349 Dark Objects in the Sky (Barnard, 1927)
VII/7 : Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae (LDN) (Lynds 1962)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
III/252 : Pulkovo radial velocities for 35493 HIP stars (Gontcharov, 2006)
V/146 : LAMOST DR1 catalogs (Luo+, 2015)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/349 : StarHorse, Gaia DR2 photo-astrometric distances (Anders+, 2019)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
J/AJ/140/1214 : Near-IR spectroscopic survey of class I YSOs (Connelley+, 2010)
J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)
J/ApJS/196/4 : New young star candidates in Taurus-Auriga (Rebull+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/416/3108 : Membership of Sco OB2 moving group (Rizzuto+, 2011)
J/ApJ/745/119 : Close companions to young stars. I. ChaI & Tau (Nguyen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/746/154 : Improved kinematic plxs for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)
J/ApJ/757/141 : Comp. IR detection limits in young associations (Kraus+, 2012)
J/ApJ/760/147 : 13CO cores in the Taurus molecular cloud (Qian+, 2012)
J/ApJ/771/110 : Early-type stars in Taurus-Auriga (Mooley+, 2013)
J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)
J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)
J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/126 : IR photometry of all known members in Taurus (Esplin+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/437/1216 : VAST Survey. A-type stars multiplicity (De Rosa+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/444/1157 : Members of ONC and Tau-Aur (Davies+, 2014)
J/ApJ/799/155 : Sub-stellar companions in Taurus (Daemgen+, 2015)
J/ApJS/216/26 : GALEX search for T Tauri Taurus-Auriga (Gomez de Castro+, 2015)
J/other/RAA/15.1154 : M-giant star candidates in LAMOST DR 1 (Zhong+, 2015)
J/other/RAA/15.1182 : M Dwarf catalog of LAMOST DR1 (Guo+, 2015)
J/AJ/153/46 : Spectroscopy of candidate members in Taurus (Luhman+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/134 : Planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the Taurus SFR (Esplin+, 2017)
J/ApJ/838/150 : The Taurus-Auriga ecosystem. I. (Kraus+, 2017)
J/A+A/620/A172 : Solar neighbourhood young stars 3D mapping (Zari+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14 Binary comp. of evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/271 : The stellar membership of the Taurus SFR (Luhman, 2018)
J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)
J/ApJ/858/41 : PS1 pm survey for brown dwarfs. I. Taurus (Zhang+, 2018)
J/ApJ/862/138 : BANYAN. XIII. Nearby young assoc. with Gaia DR2 (Gagne+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/16 : UV emission of stars in LAMOST. I. Catalogs (Bai+, 2018)
J/A+A/630/A137 : Structure and kinematics of the Taurus region (Galli+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/196 : Close companions around young stars (Kounkel+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/231 : MLSDSS-GaiaDR2 sample of M and L dwarfs (Kiman+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/54 : New Taurus membs. from stellar to planet masses (Esplin+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/122 : Local structure & star formation history of MW (Kounkel+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/15 : Binary stars in Upper Scorpius (Tokovinin+, 2020)
J/A+A/638/A85 : 3D view of Taurus with Gaia and Herschel (Roccatagliata+, 2020)
J/other/NewAR/90.1549 : Catalogue of OB Associations (Wright, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 29 A29 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 Source ID
31- 59 A29 --- Name Adopted common name
61- 76 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS Point Source Catalog ID
78- 84 F7.4 deg RAdeg [58/85] Gaia EDR3 Right Ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
86- 92 F7.4 deg DEdeg [14/34] Gaia EDR3 Declination (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
94- 99 F6.2 mag Gmag [6.53/21.5]? Gaia EDR3 G magnitude
101 A1 --- Internal Object in internal Taurus list ? Yes or No
103 A1 --- Kraus17 Object in sample of Kraus+ 17 ? Yes or No
105 A1 --- Luhman18 Object in sample of Luhman 18 ? Yes or No
107 A1 --- Esplin19 Object in sample of Esplin&Luhman 19 ? Yes or No
109 A1 --- Galli19 Object in sample of Galli+ 19 ? Yes or No
111-117 F7.3 mag Jmag [5.91/16.4]? J band magnitude
119-124 F6.3 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in Jmag
126 I1 --- r_Jmag [1/2]? Reference for Jmag (1)
128-129 A2 --- f_Jmag Flag for Jmag ; UL = Upper Limit measurement
131-137 F7.3 km/s RVel [-12/55]? Radial velocity
139-146 F8.4 km/s e_RVel [0.02/30]? Uncertainty in RVel
148-149 I2 --- r_RVel [1/27]? Reference for RVel
151-155 A5 --- SpType Spectral type
157-161 F5.2 --- e_SpType [0.2/5]? Spectral type uncertainty
163-164 I2 --- r_SpType [2/53]? Reference for SpType
166-168 A3 --- f_SpType Flag for SpType (2)
170-176 F7.3 mag Amag [-0.4/13.1]? Extinction in Band
178-182 F5.2 mag e_Amag [0.1/1.5]? Uncertainty in Amag
184 A1 --- Band Extinction band; J or V
186-187 I2 --- r_Amag [2/27]? Reference for Amag
189-196 F8.2 pc X [46/1082]? Galactic X position
198-204 F7.2 pc Y [-154/105]? Galactic Y position
206-212 F7.2 pc Z [-240/7.6]? Galactic Z position
214-219 F6.2 km/s U [-12/55]? Galctic U velocity
221-226 F6.2 km/s V [-38/9.6]? Galactic V velocity
228-233 F6.2 km/s W [-26/8.9]? Galactic W velocity
235-237 A3 --- GMM Assigned GMM group label
239-244 A6 --- Bin Binary system flag
246-252 A7 --- SysArc System architecture overview
254-260 A7 --- r_Bin Binary reference
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Cutri+, 2003, II/246
2 = Esplin & Luhman, 2019, J/AJ/158/54
Note (2): Flags as follows:
< = Spectral type earlier than reported value
> = Spectral type later than reported value
: = Only has class measurement
bin = Spectral type is in bin of range given
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 29 A29 --- Name Adopted common name
31- 46 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS Point Source Catalog ID
48- 57 F10.7 deg RAdeg [60/77] Right ascension (J2000)
59- 68 F10.7 deg DEdeg [15/31] Declination (J2000)
70 A1 --- Internal Object in internal Taurus list ? Yes or No
72 A1 --- Kraus17 Object in sample of Kraus+ 17 ? Yes or No
74 A1 --- Luhman18 Object in sample of Luhman 18 ? Yes or No
76 A1 --- Esplin19 Object in sample of Esplin&Luhman 19 ? Yes or No
78 A1 --- Galli19 Object in sample of Galli+ 19 ? Yes or No
80- 86 F7.3 mag Jmag [13.7/19.6]? J magnitude
88- 93 F6.3 mag e_Jmag [0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in Jmag
95 I1 --- r_Jmag [1/2]? Reference for Jmag (1)
97- 98 A2 --- f_Jmag Flag for Jmag; UL = upper limit measurement
100-104 F5.1 km/s RVel [-36.9/23.1]? Radial velocity
106-112 F7.3 km/s e_RVel [0.1/19]? Uncertainty in RVel
114-115 I2 --- r_RVel [23]? Reference for RVel
117-121 A5 --- SpType Spectral type
123-127 F5.2 --- e_SpType [0.5/12]? Lower uncertainty in SpType
129-133 F5.2 --- E_SpType [0.5/11]? Upper uncertainty in SpType
135-136 I2 --- r_SpType [1/53]? Reference for SpType
138-140 A3 --- f_SpType Flag for SpType (3)
142-147 F6.2 mag Amag [0/40.5]? Extinction in Band
149-154 F6.2 mag e_Amag [0.1/14]? Uncertainty in Amag
156 A1 --- Band Extinction band; J or V
158-159 I2 --- r_Amag [1/27]? Reference for Amag
161-162 A2 --- Bin Binary system flag
164-165 A2 --- SysArc System architecture overview
167-170 A4 --- r_Bin Binary reference (1)
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Cutri+, 2003, II/246
2 = Esplin & Luhman, 2019, J/AJ/158/54
Note (3): Flags as follows
< = Spectral type earlier than reported value
> = Spectral type later than reported value
: = Only has class measurement
bin = Spectral type is in bin of range given
± = Asymmetric uncertainties adopted
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs*.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference number
4- 28 A25 --- Autor Main autor
30- 48 A19 --- BIB BIBcode
50- 68 A19 --- Cat. Vizier catalog
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 02-Dec-2021