J/AJ/162/187 IRTF spectral indices for giant stars (Messineo+, 2021)
New infrared spectral indices of luminous cold stars: from early K to M types.
Messineo M., Figer D.F., Kudritzki R.-P., Zhu Q., Menten K.M., Ivanov V.D.,
Chen C.-H.R.
<Astron. J., 162, 187-187 (2021)>
=2021AJ....162..187M 2021AJ....162..187M (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, giant; Stars, supergiant; Stars, late-type;
Spectra, infrared; Spectral types; Effective temperatures
Keywords: Late-type supergiant stars; Infrared astronomy; Massive stars
Stellar evolution
Abstract:
We present infrared spectral indices (1.0-2.3µm) of Galactic
late-type giants and red supergiants (RSGs). We used existing and new
spectra obtained at resolution power R=2000 with SpeX on the IRTF
telescope. While a large CO equivalent width (EW), at 2.29µm
([CO,2.29]≳45Å) is a typical signature of RSGs later than spectral
type M0, [CO] of K-type RSGs and giants are similar. In the [CO,2.29]
versus [MgI,1.71] diagram, RSGs of all spectral types can be
distinguished from red giants because the MgI line weakens with
increasing temperature and decreasing gravity. We find several lines
that vary with luminosity, but not temperature: SiI (1.59µm), Sr
(1.033µm), Fe+Cr+Si+CN (1.16µm), Fe+Ti (1.185µm), Fe+Ti
(1.196µm), Ti+Ca (1.28µm), and Mn (1.29µm). Good markers of
CN enhancement are the Fe+Si+CN line at 1.087µm and CN line at
1.093µm. Using these lines, at the resolution of SpeX, it is
possible to separate RSGs and giants. Contaminant O-rich Mira and
S-type AGBs are recognized by strong molecular features due to water
vapor features, TiO band heads, and/or ZrO absorption. Among the 42
candidate RSGs that we observed, all but one were found to be late
types. Twenty-one have EWs consistent with those of RSGs, 16 with
those of O-rich Mira AGBs, and one with an S-type AGB. These infrared
results open new, unexplored, potential for searches at low resolution
of RSGs in the highly obscured innermost regions of the Milky Way.
Description:
Two half-nights of observations with the 3m InfraRed Telescope
Facility (IRTF) telescope were awarded to this program in Period 19A,
allocated on 2019 June 23 and 24. The observational program was
continued from 2020 May 22 to June 25. We used the upgraded SpeX
spectrograph in cross-dispersed mode (SXD). The 0.3" slit was used,
providing a resolving power R∼2000. The observations covered from 0.7
to 2.55µm.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 206 42 List of candidate RSGs observed with IRTF/SpeX
tablec1.dat 435 97 *Spectral indices of K-M I stars from the IRTF
libraries and newly observed K-M stars
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Note on tablec1.dat : Equivalent widths in units of Angstroms. IndH2O is
dimensionless.
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See also:
B/mk : Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Skiff, 2009-)
B/pastel : The PASTEL catalogue (Soubiran+, 2016-)
III/114 : Spectra of Late-Type Standards, 2.0-2.5 Microns (Kleinmann+ 1986)
III/150 : Perkins Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars (Keenan+ 1989)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
III/254 : 2nd Cat. of Radial Velocities Astrometric Data (Kharchenko+, 2007)
VI/125 : Theoretical spectra of red giants and supergiants (Lancon+, 2007)
V/137 : Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP) (Anderson+, 2012)
J/A+A/537/A146 : Stellar models rotation. 0.8<M<120, Z=0.014 (Ekstrom+, 2012)
J/A+A/547/A15 : Red supergiants around Stephenson 2 (Negueruela+, 2012)
J/A+A/549/A129 : Equivalent widths of cool stars (Cesetti+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/21 : Stellar evolutionary models with 13-120Msun (Chieffi+, 2013)
J/A+A/571/A43 : Candidate red supergiants Galactic clusters (Messineo+, 2014)
J/ApJ/783/130 : Parallaxes of high mass star forming regions (Reid+, 2014)
J/AJ/154/259 : Fundamental parameters of Tycho-2 & TGAS stars (Stevens+, 2017)
J/A+A/616/A33 : Stellar parameters of 372 giant stars (Stock+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/ApJS/238/29 : IGRINS spectral library (Park+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/475/2003 : Red supergiant population in Perseus arm (Dorda+, 2018)
J/A+A/623/A72 : Binarity Hipparcos stars from Gaia pm anomaly (Kervella+, 2019)
J/A+A/626/A20 : MONOS. I. Spectral classifications (Maiz Apellaniz+, 2019)
J/A+A/627/A138 : XSL atmospheric parameters (Arentsen+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/167 : Equivalent widths for RSGs in the MW & LMC/SMC (Dicenzo+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/20 : K-M stars of classI candidate RSGs in Gaia DR2 (Messineo+, 2019)
J/A+A/634/A133 : X-Shooter Spectral Library (XSL). DR2 (Gonneau+, 2020)
J/A+A/641/A44 : Dwarfs, giants & supergiants Equivalentwidths (Morelli+, 2020)
J/A+A/643/A116 : HR study of massive supergiants in Per OB1 (de Burgos+, 2020)
J/ApJ/889/44 : UKIRT obs. of red supergiants in M31 (Neugent+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/79 : Red supergiant stars in M31 and M33 (Massey+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier
18 I1 --- Lib [1] Lirary; 1= This work
20- 23 A4 --- SpT Adopted spectral type
25- 31 F7.2 K Teff [3248/3865]? Effective temperature
33- 38 F6.2 K e_Teff [16/128]? Error on Teff
40- 43 F4.2 mag AKs [0.62/3.23]? Ks extinction
45- 48 F4.2 mag e_AKs [0.01/0.03]? Error on AKs
50- 53 F4.2 kpc Dist [0.64/5.24]? Distance from Gaia EDR3
55- 59 F5.2 kpc e_Dist [-2.11/-0.21]? Negative error on Dist
61- 65 F5.2 kpc E_Dist [0.33/24.8]? Positive error on Dist
67- 72 F6.2 km/s Vlsr [-58.82/121.3]? Velocity LSR
74- 78 F5.2 km/s e_Vlsr [0.5/22]? Error on Vlsr
80- 83 F4.2 kpc Dkin [1.42/7.07]? Distance (1)
85- 88 F4.2 kpc e_Dkin [0/1.74]? Negative error on Dkin
90- 94 F5.2 kpc E_Dkin [0/14.25]? Positive error on Dkin
96- 99 F4.2 mag MBol1 [6.18/7.79]? Apparent bolometric magnitude (2)
101-104 F4.2 mag e_MBol1 [0.05/0.76]? Error on MBol
106-109 F4.2 mag MBol2 [6.22/7.28]? Apparent bolometric magnitude (2)
111-114 F4.2 mag e_MBol2 [0.06/0.08]? Error on MBol2
116-124 A9 --- spt Spectral type from the reference
126 I1 --- r_spt [1]? 1 = Messineo+, 2017ApJ...836...65M 2017ApJ...836...65M
128-131 A4 --- spt2.29 Spectral type with EW(CO, 2.29µm)
133-136 I4 K TCO1 [3540/3963]? Temperature CO, 2.29µm
138-141 I4 K TCa [3040/4032]? Temperature Ca, 2.26µm
143-146 I4 K TNa [2876/3907]? Temperature Na, 2.21µm
148-151 I4 K TMg [3294/3839]? Temperature MgI, 1.71µm
153-156 I4 K TSi [3252/3801]? Temperature SiI, 1.64µm
158-161 I4 K TCO2 [3269/3912]? Temperature CO, 1.62
163-206 A44 --- Note Note or comment
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Note (1): Inferred with the adopted radial velocity and the Galactic rotation
curve.
Note (2): MBol1 are are estimated by integration with data from 1 to 24µm.
MBol2 are estimated with the BCK of Levesque+, 2005ApJ...628..973L 2005ApJ...628..973L
and Neugent+, 2020, J/ApJ/889/44.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS Identifier
19- 22 I4 yr Obs.Y [2000/2020]? Year of observation
24- 25 I2 "month" Obs.M ?Month of observation
27- 28 I2 d Obs.D ?Day of observation
30- 33 F4.2 0.1nm Ca1 ? Ca 1 0.8498um spectral index EW
35- 38 F4.2 0.1nm e_Ca1 ? Uncertainty in Ca1
40- 44 F5.2 0.1nm Ca2 ? Ca 2 0.8542um spectral index EW
46- 49 F4.2 0.1nm e_Ca2 ? Uncertainty in Ca2
51- 54 F4.2 0.1nm Ca3 ? Ca 3 0.8662um spectral index EW
56- 59 F4.2 0.1nm e_Ca3 ? Uncertainty in Ca3
61- 64 F4.2 0.1nm Mg1-0.88 ? Mg I, 0.88 0.8807um spectral index EW
66- 69 F4.2 0.1nm e_Mg1-0.88 ? Uncertainty in Mg1-0.88
71- 75 F5.2 0.1nm J1 ? J1 1.0331um spectral index EW
77- 80 F4.2 0.1nm e_J1 ? Uncertainty in J1
82- 85 F4.2 0.1nm J2 ? J2 1.0346um spectral index EW
87- 90 F4.2 0.1nm e_J2 ? Uncertainty in J2
92- 95 F4.2 0.1nm J3 ? J3 1.0400um spectral index EW
97-100 F4.2 0.1nm e_J3 ? Uncertainty in J3
102-105 F4.2 0.1nm J4 ? J4 1.0588um spectral index EW
107-110 F4.2 0.1nm e_J4 ? Uncertainty in J4
112-116 F5.2 0.1nm J5 ? J5 1.0665um spectral index EW
118-121 F4.2 0.1nm e_J5 ? Uncertainty in J5
123-127 F5.2 0.1nm J6 ? J6 1.0730um spectral index EW
129-132 F4.2 0.1nm e_J6 ? Uncertainty in J6
134-138 F5.2 0.1nm J7 ? J7 1.0755um spectral index EW
140-143 F4.2 0.1nm e_J7 ? Uncertainty in J7
145-148 F4.2 0.1nm J8 ? J8 1.0789um spectral index EW
150-153 F4.2 0.1nm e_J8 ? Uncertainty in J8
155-159 F5.2 0.1nm J9 ? J9 1.0874um spectral index EW
161-164 F4.2 0.1nm e_J9 ? Uncertainty in J9
166-170 F5.2 0.1nm J10 ? J10 1.0931um spectral index EW
172-175 F4.2 0.1nm e_J10 ? Uncertainty in J10
177-181 F5.2 0.1nm J11 ? J11 1.1596um spectral index EW
183-186 F4.2 0.1nm e_J11 ? Uncertainty in J11
188-191 F4.2 0.1nm J12 ? J12 1.1613um spectral index EW
193-196 F4.2 0.1nm e_J12 ? Uncertainty in J12
198-201 F4.2 0.1nm J13 ? J13 1.1642um spectral index EW
203-206 F4.2 0.1nm e_J13 ? Uncertainty in J13
208-212 F5.2 0.1nm J14 ? J14 1.1694um spectral index EW
214-217 F4.2 0.1nm e_J14 ? Uncertainty in J14
219-222 F4.2 0.1nm J15 ? J15 1.1786um spectral index EW
224-227 F4.2 0.1nm e_J15 ? Uncertainty in J15
229-233 F5.2 0.1nm J16 ? J16 1.1832um spectral index EW
235-238 F4.2 0.1nm e_J16 ? Uncertainty in J16
240-244 F5.2 0.1nm J17 ? J17 1.1888um spectral index EW
246-249 F4.2 0.1nm e_J17 ? Uncertainty in J17
251-254 F4.2 0.1nm J18 ? J18 1.1977um spectral index EW
256-259 F4.2 0.1nm e_J18 ? Uncertainty in J18
261-264 F4.2 0.1nm J19 ? J19 1.2037um spectral index EW
266-269 F4.2 0.1nm e_J19 ? Uncertainty in J19
271-275 F5.2 0.1nm J20 ? J20 1.2086um spectral index EW
277-280 F4.2 0.1nm e_J20 ? Uncertainty in J20
282-286 F5.2 0.1nm J21 ? J21 1.2826um spectral index EW
288-291 F4.2 0.1nm e_J21 ? Uncertainty in J21
293-296 F4.2 0.1nm J22 ? J22 1.2904um spectral index EW
298-301 F4.2 0.1nm e_J22 ? Uncertainty in J22
303-307 F5.2 0.1nm J23 ? J23 1.2979um spectral index EW
309-312 F4.2 0.1nm e_J23 ? Uncertainty in J23
314-318 F5.2 0.1nm J24 ? J24 1.3127um spectral index EW
320-323 F4.2 0.1nm e_J24 ? Uncertainty in J24
325-329 F5.2 0.1nm J25 ? J25 1.3154um spectral index EW
331-334 F4.2 0.1nm e_J25 ? Uncertainty in J25
336-339 F4.2 0.1nm CO-1.57 ? CO, 1.57 1.5783um spectral index EW
341-344 F4.2 0.1nm e_CO-1.57 ? Uncertainty in CO-1.57
346-349 F4.2 0.1nm SiI-1.59 ? Si I, 1.59 1.5890um spectral index EW
351-354 F4.2 0.1nm e_SiI-1.59 ? Uncertainty in e_SiI-1.59
356-359 F4.2 0.1nm CO-1.62 ? CO, 1.62 1.61975m spectral index EW
361-364 F4.2 0.1nm e_CO-1.62 ? Uncertainty in CO-1.62
366-370 F5.2 0.1nm SiI-1.64 ? Si I, 1.64 1.6445um spectral index EW
372-375 F4.2 0.1nm e_SiI-1.64 ? Uncertainty in SiI-1.64
377-381 F5.2 0.1nm AlI-1.67 ? Al I, 1.67 1.6762um spectral index EW
383-386 F4.2 0.1nm e_AlI-1.67 ? Uncertainty in AlI-1.67
388-392 F5.2 0.1nm MgI-1.71 ? Mg I, 1.71 1.7115um spectral index EW
394-397 F4.2 0.1nm e_MgI-1.71 ? Uncertainty in MgI-1.71
399-403 F5.2 0.1nm NaI-2.21 ? Na I, 2.21 2.2075um spectral index EW
405-408 F4.2 0.1nm e_NaI-2.21 ? Uncertainty in NaI-2.21
410-414 F5.2 0.1nm CaI-2.26 ? Ca I, 2.26 2.2635um spectral index EW
416-419 F4.2 0.1nm e_CaI-2.26 ? Uncertainty in CaI-2.26
421-425 F5.2 0.1nm CO-2.29 ? CO, 2.29 2.2935um spectral index EW
427-430 F4.2 0.1nm e_CO-2.29 ? Uncertainty in CO-2.29
432-435 F4.1 % IndH2O ? H2O index EW percentage
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 24-Jan-2022