J/AJ/162/192 SOAR TESS survey. II. Impact of stellar companions (Ziegler+, 2021)
SOAR TESS survey.
II. The impact of stellar companions on planetary populations.
Ziegler C., Tokovinin A., Latiolais M., Briceno C., Law N., Mann A.W.
<Astron. J., 162, 192-192 (2021)>
=2021AJ....162..192Z 2021AJ....162..192Z (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Exoplanets; Interferometry; Infrared;
Positional data; Effective temperatures
Keywords: Binary stars; Companion stars; Exoplanet astronomy; Exoplanet dynamics
Speckle interferometry
Abstract:
We present the results of the second year of exoplanet candidate host
speckle observations from the SOAR TESS survey. We find 89 of the 589
newly observed TESS planet candidate hosts have companions within 3",
resulting in light-curve dilution, that, if not accounted for, leads
to underestimated planetary radii. We combined these observations with
those from PaperI to search for evidence of the impact binary stars
have on planetary systems. Removing the one-quarter of the targets
observed identified as false-positive planet detections, we find that
transiting planets are suppressed by nearly a factor of seven in close
solar-type binaries, nearly twice the suppression previously reported.
The result on planet occurrence rates that are based on
magnitude-limited surveys is an overestimation by a factor of two if
binary suppression is not taken into account. We also find tentative
evidence for similar close binary suppression of planets in M-dwarf
systems. Last, we find that the high rates of widely separated
companions to hot Jupiter hosts previously reported was likely a
result of false-positive contamination in our sample.
Description:
We observed 589 TESS planet candidate hosts with the high-resolution
camera (HRCam) speckle imager on the 4.1m SOAR telescope over eight
nights in 2019-2020. The observation procedure and data reduction are
described in Paper I.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 97 647 Full SOAR Speckle observation list and binary
properties
table2.dat 50 173 SOAR speckle observations and resolved binary
properties of known eclipsing binaries
table3.dat 58 31 TIC matches to resolved binaries detected by
SOAR
table4.dat 89 32 Gaia DR2 matches to resolved binaries detected
by SOAR
table6.dat 63 60 Nearby stars detected by SOAR to TESS planet
candidate hosts
table7.dat 97 45 Gaia DR2 binaries to TESS targets not detected
by SOAR
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Stellar parameters of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection 715 Kepler planet candidates host stars (Law+, 2014)
J/ApJ/783/4 : Properties Kepler multi-planet candidate systems (Wang+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/126 : HIRES radial velocity measurements (Knutson+, 2014)
J/ApJ/809/77 : Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (Sullivan+, 2015)
J/ApJ/813/130 : Kepler multiple transiting planet systems (Wang+, 2015)
J/A+A/589/A58 : High-resolution imaging of TEP systems (HITEP) (Evans+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/8 : Impact stellar multiplicity planetary systems I. (Kraus+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/117 : KOIs companions from high-resolution imaging (Hirsch+, 2017)
J/A+A/610/A20 : HITEP. II. Transiting exoplanets imaging (Evans+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/161 : Stars near Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidates (Ziegler+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/18 : APOGEE DR14:Binary comp. evolved stars (Price-Whelan+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/83 : Effect stellar companions on planetary systems (Ziegler+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/259 : Robo-AO detected close binaries in Gaia DR2 (Ziegler+, 2018)
J/ApJS/239/2 : Simulated exoplanets from TESS list of targets (Barclay+, 2018)
J/AJ/157/211 : Unresolved binaries TESS with speckle imaging (Matson+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/216 : Stellar multiplicity rate Mdwarfs within 25pc (Winters+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/24 : TRICERATOPS predictions for 384 TOIs (Giacalone+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/164 : Observation of 186 TESS stars with NESSI (WYIN) (Howell+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest number
7- 15 I9 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog number
17- 21 A5 --- Comp Binary component designations (1)
23- 31 F9.5 deg RAdeg [1.4/359] Right Ascension (J2000)
33- 41 F9.5 deg DEdeg [-84/31] Declination (J2000)
43 A1 --- Filt Filter used; I or y
45- 52 F8.3 yr Obs [2019/2022] Decimal year of the observation
54- 58 F5.1 deg PA [1.1/360]? Position Angle
60- 64 F5.1 mas ETan [0.1/317]? Measurement error tangential direction
66- 70 F5.3 arcsec Sep [0.05/5.7]? Angular separation
72- 75 F4.1 mas ERad [0.1/20]? Measurement error in radial direction
77- 79 F3.1 mag Con [0.1/7.1]? Contrast magnitude in Filter
81 A1 --- Flag Photometry flag (2)
83- 87 F5.3 arcsec MinSep [0.04/0.13] Estimated separation limit
89- 92 F4.2 mag Con0.15 [0/3.7] Maximum detectable contrast Filter
magnitude at 0.15arcsec
94- 97 F4.2 mag Con1 [0/6.4] Maximum detectable contrast Filter
magnitude at 1arcsec
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): According to the WDS style (mostly 'AB'). This matters for
resolved triple systems, indicating their hierarchy.
Note (2): Flags as follows:
: = a companion with a low signal-to-noise ratio (31 occurrences)
q = an identified quadrant from the shift-and-add images (38 occurrences)
* = the photometry is corrected for anisoplanatism using the average image
(59 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 I9 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog number
11- 17 F7.4 yr Obs [19/20] Decimal year of the observation
19- 24 F6.4 arcsec Sep [0.04/4.44]? Angular separation
26- 30 F5.1 deg PA [10/359]? Position angle
32- 34 F3.1 mag Con [0/7.4]? I band contrast magnitude
36- 40 F5.3 arcsec MinSep [0.03/0.17] Minimum separation
42- 45 F4.2 mag Con0.15 [1.29/3.41] I band contrast mag at 0.15arcsec
47- 50 F4.2 mag Con1 [2.01/6.14] I band contrast magnitude at 1arcsec
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest number
6- 14 I9 --- PTIC Primary TESS Input Catalog number
16- 25 I10 --- STIC Secondary TESS Input Catalog number
27- 32 F6.4 arcsec S-Sep [0.82/7.64] SOAR angular separation
34- 38 F5.1 deg S-PA [24/356] SOAR position angle
40- 42 F3.1 mag S-Con [0/5.6] SOAR I band contrast magnitude
44- 47 F4.2 arcsec T-Sep [1.25/7.6] TESS angular separation
49- 53 F5.1 deg T-PA [24/356] TESS position angle
55- 58 F4.2 mag T-Con [0.22/5.44] TESS contrast magnitude
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest number
6- 14 I9 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog number
16- 34 I19 --- PGaia Primary Gaia DR2 identifier
36- 54 I19 --- SGaia Secondary Gaia DR2 identifier
56- 61 F6.4 arcsec S-Sep [0.82/7.64] SOAR angular separation
63- 67 F5.1 deg S-PA [24.5/333] SOAR position angle
69- 71 F3.1 mag S-Con [0/5.6] SOAR I band contrast magnitude
73- 77 F5.3 arcsec G-Sep [0.81/7.61] Gaia DR2 angular separation
79- 84 F6.2 deg G-PA [24.7/333] Gaia DR2 position angle
86- 89 F4.2 mag G-Con [0.1/5.48] Gaia DR2 contrast magnitude
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest number
6- 11 F6.4 arcsec Sep [0.07/7.64] Angular separation by SOAR
13- 17 F5.1 deg PA [1/358] Position angleby SOAR
19- 21 F3.1 mag Con [0/7.1] I band contrast magnitude by SOAR
23- 27 I5 K Teff [3332/10395]? Effective temperature from TIC
29- 32 I4 pc Dist [9/1228]? Distance from TIC
34- 37 I4 AU PSep [14/2896]? Projected separation of June 10 2021 (1)
39- 43 F5.3 --- PRCF [1/1.42] Primary radius correction factor (2)
45- 50 F6.3 --- SRCF [1.26/25.2]? Secondary radius correction factor (2)
52- 53 I2 --- PDet? [1/3] Previous detection code (3)
55- 63 A9 --- WDS Washington Double Star Cat. discoverer designation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Assuming companion is physically associated with the primary and
derived from the on-sky separation measured by SOAR and the
distance to the star.
Note (2): For hosted planets in each system due to the contamination from
the detected star in the scenario where the primary is the
planetary host and the scenario in which the physically associated
secondary is the planetary host.
Note (3): Codes as follows:
1 = new pair, contamination not included in the TIC (35 occurrences)
2 = known pair, contamination not included in the TIC (5 occurrences)
3 = known pair, contamination included in the TIC (20 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- TOI TESS Object of Interest number
6- 14 I9 --- TIC TESS Input Catalog number
16- 34 I19 --- Gaia1 Primary Gaia DR2 identifier
36- 54 I19 --- Gaia2 Secondary Gaia DR2 identifier
56- 60 F5.1 pc Dist1 [20.5/731] Primary Gaia DR2 distance
62- 66 F5.1 pc Dist2 [20.5/732] Secondary Gaia DR2 distance
68- 72 F5.1 mas/yr pm1 [4.1/555] Primary Gaia DR2 proper motion
74- 78 F5.1 mas/yr pm2 [4.5/552] Secondary Gaia DR2 proper motion
80- 84 F5.2 arcsec Sep1 [3.15/62.7] Angular separation Gaia DR2 positions
86- 91 F6.1 AU Sep2 [192/4574] Projected separation
93- 97 F5.2 mag Con [0.23/10.8] DR2 contrast magnitude
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Ziegler et al. Paper I : 2020AJ....159...19Z 2020AJ....159...19Z Cat. J/AJ/159/19
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 27-Dec-2021