J/AJ/162/28 Studying of protoplanetary disks in SFRs with ALMA (Van+, 2021)
A stellar mass dependence of structured disks: a possible link with exoplanet
demographics.
Van Der Marel N., Mulders G.D.
<Astron. J., 162, 28-28 (2021)>
=2021AJ....162...28V 2021AJ....162...28V (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Star Forming Region; Exoplanets; Millimetric/submm sources;
Spectral types; Stars, masses
Keywords: Planet formation; Protoplanetary disks; Exoplanets
Abstract:
Gaps in protoplanetary disks have long been hailed as signposts of
planet formation. However, a direct link between exoplanets and disks
remains hard to identify. We present a large sample study of ALMA disk
surveys of nearby star-forming regions to disentangle this connection.
All disks are classified as either structured (transition, ring,
extended) or nonstructured (compact) disks. Although low-resolution
observations may not identify large-scale substructure, we assume that
an extended disk must contain substructure from a dust evolution
argument. A comparison across ages reveals that structured disks
retain high dust masses up to at least 10Myr, whereas the dust mass of
compact, nonstructured disks decreases over time. This can be
understood if the dust mass evolves primarily by radial drift, unless
drift is prevented by pressure bumps. We identify a stellar mass
dependence of the fraction of structured disks. We propose a scenario
linking this dependence with that of giant exoplanet occurrence rates.
We show that there are enough exoplanets to account for the observed
disk structures if transitional disks are created by exoplanets more
massive than Jupiter and ring disks by exoplanets more massive than
Neptune, under the assumption that most of those planets eventually
migrate inwards. On the other hand, the known anticorrelation between
transiting super-Earths and stellar mass implies those planets must
form in the disks without observed structure, consistent with
formation through pebble accretion in drift-dominated disks. These
findings support an evolutionary scenario where the early formation of
giant planets determines the disk's dust evolution and its
observational appearance.
Description:
We have conducted a large sample study of protoplanetary disks in
nearby star-forming regions using continuum data from the Atacama
Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). By characterizing the spatial
distribution of dust around ∼700 stars ranging in mass from 0.1 to
3Msun considering the effects of dust evolution and comparing their
properties to the population of observed exoplanets, we aim to
understand the role that disk gaps and cavities plays in the disk
evolution process.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 107 700 Full sample
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See also:
J/other/Sci/330.653 : Detected planets in the Eta-Earth Survey (Howard+, 2010)
J/ApJ/738/122 : ScoCen debris disks Around F- and G-type stars (Chen+, 2011)
J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)
J/ApJ/751/115 : Millimeter emission from Taurus binary systems (Harris+, 2012)
J/ApJ/756/133 : ScoCen debris disks around B- and A-type stars (Chen+, 2012)
J/A+A/555/A64 : Identifying gaps flaring Herbig Ae/Be disks (Maaskant+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/435/1325 : Membership of the ε Cha association (Murphy+, 2013)
J/A+A/574/A116 : G and K giant stars stellar parameters (Reffert+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)
J/A+A/587/A64 : Physical properties of giant exoplanets (Santerne+, 2016)
J/A+A/592/A126 : Transition disk survey (van der Marel+, 2016)
J/ApJ/827/142 : ALMA observations of GKM stars in Upper Sco (Barenfeld+, 2016)
J/ApJ/831/125 : ALMA 887µm obs. ChaI star-forming region (Pascucci+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/245 : Imaging survey of Spitzer-detected debris disks (Meshkat+, 2017)
J/ApJ/845/44 : 340GHz SMA obs. 50 nearby protoplanetary disks (Tripathi+, 2017)
J/A+A/615/A175 : Solar system analogs with HARPS (Barbato+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/75 : Circumstellar disks in Upper Sco association (Esplin+, 2018)
J/ApJ/859/21 : ALMA survey of Lupus protoplanetary disks. II. (Ansdell+, 2018)
J/ApJ/860/109 : Keck HIRES obs. 245 subgiants (retired A stars) (Ghezzi+, 2018)
J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)
J/A+A/626/A11 : Corona Australis ALMA and X-Shooter data (Cazzoletti+, 2019)
J/A+A/632/A46 : TW Hydrae association with X-shooter (Venuti+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/52 : Rvel observations in super-Earth systems (Bryan+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/109 : Occurrence rates of planets orbiting FGK stars (Hsu+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/13 : The first 300 stars observed by the GPIES (Nielsen+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/482/698 : Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA. I. (Cieza+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/221 : Planetary yields of gap transitional disks (Close, 2020)
J/ApJ/895/126 : ALMA observation of 152 1-11Myr aged stars (Hendler+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/496/5423 : 4 planet-hosting stars asteroseismic masses (Malla+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- SFR Star forming region
12- 52 A41 --- Name Target name(s)
54- 56 I3 pc Dist [37/475] Distance
58- 58 A1 --- f_Dist [*] Flag on Dist (1)
60- 60 A1 --- l_Fcont [<] Limit flag on Fcont
62- 68 F7.2 mJy Fcont [0.13/2253] Millimeter continuum flux
70- 70 I1 --- Band [6/7] ALMA Band of millimeter continuum flux
72- 72 A1 --- l_Mdust [<] Limit flag on Mdust
74- 79 F6.2 Mgeo Mdust [0.01/322] Dust mass, Earth units
81- 81 A1 --- l_Rsize [<] Limit flag on Rsize
83- 85 I3 au Rsize [5/265]? Dust radius of each disk
87- 91 A5 --- SpT Spectral type
93- 95 F3.1 Msun Mass [0.1/3.1]? Stellar mass
97- 97 A1 --- Class Class (2)
99-100 A2 --- Ref1 Reference for ALMA data (3)
102-107 A6 --- Ref2 Reference(s) for stellar properties (3)
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Note (1): For targets with no parallax measurement from Gaia DR2, the average
distance to the cloud is assumed.
Note (2): Class as follows:
C = Compact (<40au; 434 occurrences)
E = Extended disk (>40au; 40 occurrences )
N = Non-detection (147 occurrences)
R = Ring disk (37 occurrences)
T = Transition disk (42 occurrences)
Note (3): References as follows:
1 = van der Plas+, 2016ApJ...819..102V 2016ApJ...819..102V
2 = Pascucci+, 2016, J/ApJ/831/125
3 = Cazzoletti+, 2019, J/A+A/626/A11
4 = Francis & van der Marel, 2020ApJ...892..111F 2020ApJ...892..111F
5 = Villenave+, 2019A&A...624A...7V 2019A&A...624A...7V
6 = Aguayo et al. in prep.;
7 = Ruiz-Rodriguez+, 2018MNRAS.478.3674R 2018MNRAS.478.3674R
8 = Andrews+, 2018ApJ...865..157A 2018ApJ...865..157A
9 = Ansdell+, 2018, J/ApJ/859/21
10 = van Terwisga+, 2018A&A...616A..88V 2018A&A...616A..88V
11 = Cieza+, 2019, J/MNRAS/482/698
12 = Andrews+, 2013, J/ApJ/771/129
13 = Tripathi+, 2017, J/ApJ/845/44
14 = Bacciotti+, 2018ApJ...865L..12B 2018ApJ...865L..12B
15 = Akeson & Jensen, 2014, J/ApJ/784/62
16 = Ward-Duong, 2018, J/AJ/155/54
17 = Facchini+, 2019A&A...626L...2F 2019A&A...626L...2F
18 = Akeson+, 2019, J/ApJ/872/158
19 = Long+, 2019ApJ...882...49L 2019ApJ...882...49L
20 = Hardy+, 2015A&A...583A..66H 2015A&A...583A..66H
21 = Simon+, 2019ApJ...884...42S 2019ApJ...884...42S
22 = Andrews+, 2016ApJ...820L..40A 2016ApJ...820L..40A
23 = Tang+, 2017ApJ...840...32T 2017ApJ...840...32T
24 = Andrews+, 2010ApJ...710..462A 2010ApJ...710..462A
25 = Pinilla+, 2018ApJ...859...32P 2018ApJ...859...32P
26 = Rodriguez+, 2015A&A...582L...5R 2015A&A...582L...5R
27 = van der Marel+, 2016, J/A+A/592/A126
28 = Ansdell+, 2020AJ....160..248A 2020AJ....160..248A
29 = Casassus+, 2013Natur.493..191C 2013Natur.493..191C
30 = Keppler+, 2019A&A...625A.118K 2019A&A...625A.118K
31 = Barenfeld+, 2016, J/ApJ/827/142
32 = Wichittanakom+, 2020, J/MNRAS/493/234
33 = Manara+, 2018A&A...615L...1M 2018A&A...615L...1M
34 = Manara+, 2017A&A...604A.127M 2017A&A...604A.127M
35 = Manara+, 2014A&A...568A..18M 2014A&A...568A..18M
36 = Murphy+, 2013, J/MNRAS/435/1325
37 = Vioque+, 2018, J/A+A/620/A128
38 = Rugel+, 2018A&A...609A..70R 2018A&A...609A..70R
39 = Alcala+, 2017, J/A+A/600/A20
40 = Sokal+, 2018ApJ...853..120S 2018ApJ...853..120S
41 = Venuti+, 2019, J/A+A/632/A46
42 = Manara+, 2020A&A...639A..58M 2020A&A...639A..58M
43 = McClure+, 2010ApJS..188...75M 2010ApJS..188...75M
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 09-Nov-2021