J/AJ/163/128 Abundances in 1018 KOIs and their planets (Wilson+, 2022)
The Influence of 10 Unique Chemical Elements in Shaping the Distribution of
Kepler Planets.
Wilson R.F., Canas C.I., Majewski S.R., Cunha K., Smith V.V., Bender C.F.,
Mahadevan S., Fleming S.W., Teske J., Ghezzi L., Jonsson H., Beaton R.L.,
Hasselquist S., Stassun K., Nitschelm C., Garcia-Hernandez D.A., Hayes C.R.,
Tayar J.
<Astron. J., 163, 128 (2022)>
=2022AJ....163..128W 2022AJ....163..128W
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Spectra, infrared; Abundances, [Fe/H]; Stars, masses;
Stars, radio
Keywords: Exoplanet astronomy ; Exoplanets ; Stellar abundances ; Chemical
abundances
Abstract:
The chemical abundances of planet-hosting stars offer a glimpse into
the composition of planet-forming environments. To further understand
this connection, we make the first ever measurement of the correlation
between planet occurrence and chemical abundances for ten different
elements (C, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, and Ni). Leveraging data
from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
(APOGEE) and Gaia to derive precise stellar parameters
(σR*∼2.3%, σM*∼4.5%) for a sample of 1018 Kepler
Objects of Interest, we construct a sample of well-vetted Kepler
planets with precisely measured radii (σRp∼3.4%). After
controlling for biases in the Kepler detection pipeline and the
selection function of the APOGEE survey, we characterize the
relationship between planet occurrence and chemical abundance as the
number density of nuclei of each element in a star's photosphere
raised to a power, β. varies by planet type, but is consistent
within our uncertainties across all ten elements. For hot planets
(P=1-10days), an enhancement in any element of 0.1dex corresponds to
an increased occurrence of ∼20% for super-Earths (Rp=1-1.9R⊕)
and ∼60% for sub-Neptunes (Rp=1.9-4R⊕). Trends are weaker for
warm (P=10-100days) planets of all sizes and for all elements, with
the potential exception of sub-Saturns (Rp=4-8R⊕). Finally, we
conclude this work with a caution to interpreting trends between
planet occurrence and stellar age due to degeneracies caused by
Galactic chemical evolution and make predictions for planet occurrence
rates in nearby open clusters to facilitate demographics studies of
young planetary systems.
Description:
In this paper we investigate the trends in the distribution of Kepler
planets with the chemical abundances of their host stars as measured
for stars in the APOGEE-KOI program Fleming+, 2015AJ....149..143F 2015AJ....149..143F.
APOGEE is a survey of Milky Way stars using a multi-object, fiber-fed,
NIR spectrograph housed in a vacuum cryostat, that can observe up to
300 objects simultaneously, producing R∼22500 spectra covering a
wavelength range of 1.51-1.68µm using a volume phase holographic
grating mosaic.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 180 1018 Derived properties for 1018 KOIs in APOGEE
table2.dat 227 72 Derived properties and ASPCAP-derived chemical
abundances for each star
table3.dat 204 544 Planet properties and ASPCAP-derived host star
chemical abundances for each planet candidate
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See also:
I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
V/154 : Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)
J/A+A/415/1153 : [Fe/H] for 98 extra-solar planet-host stars (Santos+, 2004)
J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)
J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)
J/A+A/487/373 : Spectroscopic parameters of 451 HARPS-GTO stars (Sousa+, 2008)
J/A+A/497/497 : Physical parameters from JHK flux (Gonzalez-Hernandez+, 2009)
J/ApJ/720/1290 : Abundances of stars hosting planets (Ghezzi+, 2010)
J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)
J/A+A/547/A36 : Chemical abundances of 87 KOIs (Adibekyan++, 2012)
J/MNRAS/423/122 : Abundances of 93 solar-type Kepler targets (Bruntt+, 2012)
J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)
J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/771/107 : Spectroscopy of faint KOI stars (Everett+, 2013)
J/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates KOI stars (Burke+, 2015)
J/ApJ/810/95 : Kepler pipeline S/N studies II 2011 data (Christiansen+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Potent. habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary candidates. VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015)
J/ApJS/221/24 : SDSS-III APOGEE H-band spectral line lists (Shetrone+, 2015)
J/ApJS/225/32 : Extended abundance analysis of cool stars (Brewer+, 2016)
J/ApJ/828/99 : Kepler pipeline transit signal. III. (Christiansen+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for 15 APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/187 : Planet occurrence & stellar metallicity KOIs (Mulders+, 2016)
J/A+A/585/A150 : On the metallicity of open clusters. III. (Netopil+, 2016)
J/A+A/587/A64 : Physical properties of giant exoplanets (Santerne+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search (DR25) (Twicken+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star plxes from asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey. II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/142 : Rvel of systems hosting sub-Saturns (Petigura+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/224 : Transiting planets in young clusters from K2 (Rizzuto+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/211 : Differential photometry of F-subgiant HAT-P-67 (Zhou+, 2017)
J/ApJ/866/99 : Radii of KIC stars & planets using Gaia DR2 (Berger+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/264 : California-Kepler Survey VII Planet radius gap (Fulton+, 2018)
J/A+A/616/A10 : 46 open clusters GaiaDR2 HRdiagrams (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/ApJ/860/109 : Keck HIRES obs. 245 subgiants (retired Astars) (Ghezzi+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/89 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). IV. Planets (Petigura+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/68 : Elemental abundances of KOIs in APOGEE. I. (Wilson+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/190 : Main sequence hot Jupiter hosts good astrometry (Hamer+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/109 : Occurrence rates of planets orbiting FGK stars (Hsu+, 2019)
J/A+A/624/A94 : The role of the host star's metallicity (Maldonado+, 2019)
J/ApJ/871/63 : How to constrain M dwarf. II. Nearby binaries (Mann+, 2019)
J/ApJ/875/29 : Spectroscopic analysis of the CKS sample. I. (Martinez+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/108 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties cat. II Planets (Berger+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties cat.I KIC stars (Berger+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/199 : OCCAM. IV. Open cluster abundances APOGEE DR16 (Donor+, 2020)
J/A+A/634/A136 : Chemical sulfur abundances 719 FGK stars (Costa Silva+, 2020)
J/A+A/655/A99 : Chemical abundances of 762 FGK stars (Delgado Mena+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog Identifier
10- 27 A18 --- APOGEE APOGGE star identifier
29- 32 I4 K Teff [3677/7093] Effective temperature
34- 36 I3 K e_Teff [18/210] Derived posterior 16th percentile Teff
38- 40 I3 K E_Teff [20/196] Derived posterior 84th percentile Teff
42- 46 F5.3 [cm/s2] logg [1.02/4.93] log surface gravity
48- 52 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg [0.004/0.09] Derived posterior 16th percentile
in logg
54- 58 F5.3 [cm/s2] E_logg [0.003/0.2] Derived posterior 84th percentile
in logg
60- 64 F5.2 [Sun] Fe/H [-0.99/0.37] Metallicity, log
66- 69 F4.2 [Sun] e_Fe/H [0.01/0.1] Derived posterior 16th percentile
in Fe/H
71- 74 F4.2 [Sun] E_Fe/H [0.01/0.2] Derived posterior 84th percentile
in Fe/H
76- 80 F5.3 Msun Mass [0.35/2.06] Mass
82- 86 F5.3 Msun e_Mass [0.003/0.3] Derived posterior 16th percentile in
Mass
88- 92 F5.3 Msun E_Mass [0.005/0.3] Derived posterior 84th percentile in
Mass
94- 99 F6.3 Rsun Rad [0.33/56.8] Radius
101-105 F5.3 Rsun e_Rad [0.003/5] Derived posterior 16th percentile Rad
107-111 F5.3 Rsun E_Rad [0.003/6] Derived posterior 84th percentile Rad
113-117 F5.2 [Lsun] Lum [-1.72/2.83] log luminosity
119-122 F4.2 [Lsun] e_Lum [0.01/0.1] Derived posterior 16th percentile Lum
124-127 F4.2 [Lsun] E_Lum [0.01/0.2] Derived posterior 84th percentile Lum
129-132 F4.1 [-] rho [-5.2/1] log density in solar units
134-136 F3.1 [-] e_rho [0.2/6] Derived posterior 16th percentile in rho
138-140 F3.1 [-] E_rho [0.3/6] Derived posterior 84th percentile in rho
142-148 F7.2 pc Dist [37.7/4427] Distance
150-155 F6.2 pc e_Dist [0.04/386] Derived posterior 16th percentile in
Dist
157-162 F6.2 pc E_Dist [0.04/446] Derived posterior 84th percentile in
Dist
164-168 F5.3 mag E(B-V) [0.004/0.19] Reddening
170-174 F5.3 mag e_E(B-V) [0.003/0.05] Derived posterior 16th percentile
in E(B-V)
176-180 F5.3 mag E_E(B-V) [0.004/0.06] Derived posterior 84th percentile
in E(B-V)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- APOGEE APOGGE star identifier
20- 23 I4 K Teff [4714/6160] Effective temperature
25- 27 I3 K e_Teff [47/170] Derived posterior 16th percentile in
Teff
29- 31 I3 K E_Teff [51/176] Derived posterior 84th percentile in
Teff
33- 37 F5.3 [cm/s2] logg [4.03/4.67] log surface gravity
39- 43 F5.3 [cm/s2] e_logg [0.005/0.08] Derived posterior 16th percentile
in logg
45- 49 F5.3 [cm/s2] E_logg [0.004/0.07] Derived posterior 84th percentile
in logg
51- 55 F5.3 Msun Mass [0.63/1.28] Mass
57- 61 F5.3 Msun e_Mass [0.01/0.06] Derived posterior 16th percentile
in Mass
63- 67 F5.3 Msun E_Mass [0.009/0.07] Derived posterior 84th percentile
in Mass
69- 73 F5.3 Rsun Rad [0.65/1.69] Radius
75- 79 F5.3 Rsun e_Rad [0.007/0.09] Derived posterior 16th percentile
in Rad
81- 85 F5.3 Rsun E_Rad [0.006/0.2] Derived posterior 84th percentile
in Rad
87- 92 F6.3 [Sun] [Fe/H] [-0.59/0.22] Metallicity
94- 98 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Fe/H] [0.008/0.03] Uncertainty in [Fe/H]
100-105 F6.3 [Sun] [Ni/Fe] [-0.13/0.17] log Ni/Fe abundance
107-111 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Ni/Fe] [0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in [Ni/Fe]
113-118 F6.3 [Sun] [Si/Fe] [-0.27/0.32] log Si/Fe abundance
120-124 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Si/Fe] [0.01/0.03] Uncertainty in [Si/Fe]
126-131 F6.3 [Sun] [Mg/Fe] [-0.19/0.4] log Mg/Fe abundance
133-137 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Mg/Fe] [0.01/0.03] Uncertainty in [Mg/Fe]
139-144 F6.3 [Sun] [C/Fe] [-0.35/0.24] log C/Fe abundance
146-150 F5.3 [Sun] e_[C/Fe] [0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in [C/Fe]
152-160 F9.3 [Sun] [Al/Fe] [-0.55/0.53]? log Al/Fe abundance
162-169 F8.3 [Sun] e_[Al/Fe] [0.02/0.06]? Uncertainty in [Al/Fe]
171-176 F6.3 [Sun] [Ca/Fe] [-0.35/0.21] log Ca/Fe abundance
178-182 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Ca/Fe] [0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in [Ca/Fe]
184-189 F6.3 [Sun] [Mn/Fe] [-0.27/1.1] log Mn/Fe abundance
191-195 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Mn/Fe] [0.01/0.06] Uncertainty in [Mn/Fe]
197-205 F9.3 [Sun] [S/Fe] [-0.45/0.42]? log S/Fe abundance
207-214 F8.3 [Sun] e_[S/Fe] [0.039/0.086]? Uncertainty in [S/Fe]
216-221 F6.3 [Sun] [K/Fe] [-0.25/0.81] log K/Fe abundance
223-227 F5.3 [Sun] e_[K/Fe] [0.02/0.1] Uncertainty in [K/Fe]
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- APOGEE APOGGE star identifier
20- 27 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog identifier
29- 35 F7.2 --- KOI Kepler Object of Interest identifier
37- 45 F9.5 d Per [0.55884/289.86446] Planetary orbital period
47- 51 F5.2 Rgeo Rad [0.44/15.2] Planetary radius
53- 56 F4.2 Rgeo e_Rad [0.01/0.7] Uncertainty in Rad
58- 63 F6.3 [Sun] [Fe/H] [-0.53/0.34] Host star metallicity
65- 69 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Fe/H] [0.006/0.03] Uncertainty in [Fe/H]
71- 76 F6.3 [Sun] [Ni/Fe] [-0.2/0.24] log Ni/Fe abundance
78- 82 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Ni/Fe] [0.01/0.06] Uncertainty in [Ni/Fe]
84- 89 F6.3 [Sun] [Si/Fe] [-0.24/0.24] log Si/Fe abundance
91- 95 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Si/Fe] [0.007/0.04] Uncertainty in [Si/Fe]
97-102 F6.3 [Sun] [Mg/Fe] [-0.22/0.35] log Mg/Fe abundance
104-108 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Mg/Fe] [0.008/0.04] Uncertainty in [Mg/Fe]
110-115 F6.3 [Sun] [C/Fe] [-0.33/0.38] log C/Fe abundance
117-121 F5.3 [Sun] e_[C/Fe] [0.01/0.07] Uncertainty in [C/Fe]
123-131 F9.3 [Sun] [Al/Fe] [-1.79/0.685]? log Al/Fe abundance
133-140 F8.3 [Sun] e_[Al/Fe] [0.015/0.08]? Uncertainty in [Al/Fe]
142-147 F6.3 [Sun] [Ca/Fe] [-0.43/0.84] log Ca/Fe abundance
149-153 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Ca/Fe] [0.008/0.06] Uncertainty in [Ca/Fe]
155-160 F6.3 [Sun] [Mn/Fe] [-0.38/0.35] log Mn/Fe abundance
162-166 F5.3 [Sun] e_[Mn/Fe] [0.01/0.07] Uncertainty in [Mn/Fe]
168-176 F9.3 [Sun] [S/Fe] [-0.58/0.57]? log S/Fe abundance
178-185 F8.3 [Sun] e_[S/Fe] [0.03/0.1]? Uncertainty in [S/Fe]
187-195 F9.3 [Sun] [K/Fe] [-1.23/0.47]? log K/Fe abundance
197-204 F8.3 [Sun] e_[K/Fe] [0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty in [K/Fe]
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 22-Apr-2022