J/AJ/163/174 IRTF/VLT M-band spectroscopic survey (Banzatti+, 2022)
Scanning Disk Rings and Winds in CO at 0.01-10au; A High-resolution M-band
Spectroscopy Survey with IRTF-iSHELL
Banzatti A., Abernathy K.M., Brittain S., Bosman A.D., Pontoppidan K.M.,
Boogert A., Jensen S., Carr J., Najita J., Grant S., Sigler R.M.,
Sanchez M.A., Kern J., Rayner J.T.
<Astron. J., 163, 174 (2022)>
=2022AJ....163..174B 2022AJ....163..174B
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Spectra, infrared
Keywords: Circumstellar disks ; Protoplanetary disks ; Planet formation ;
Exoplanet formation ; Stellar winds ; Classical T Tauri stars
; Herbig Ae/Be stars ; Pre-main sequence stars ; High
resolution spectroscopy ; Molecular spectroscopy ; Molecular gas
; Near infrared astronomy
Abstract:
We present an overview and first results from a M-band spectroscopic
survey of planet-forming disks performed with iSHELL on the Infrared
Telescope Facility, using two slits that provide resolving power
R∼60000-92000 (5-3.3km/s). iSHELL provides a nearly complete coverage
at 4.52-5.24µm in one shot, covering >50 lines from the R and P
branches of 12CO and 13CO for each of multiple vibrational levels, and
providing unprecedented information on the excitation of multiple
emission and absorption components. Some of the most notable new
findings of this survey are: (1) the detection of two CO Keplerian
rings at <2au (in HD259431), (2) the detection of H2O rovibrational
lines at 5µm (in AS205N), and (3) the common kinematic variability
of CO lines over timescales of 1-14yr. By homogeneously analyzing this
survey together with a previous survey of cooler stars, we discuss a
unified view of CO spectra where emission and absorption components
scan the disk surface across radii from a dust-free region within dust
sublimation out to ∼10au. We classify two fundamental types of CO line
shapes interpreted as emission from Keplerian rings (double-peak
lines) and a disk surface plus a low-velocity part of a wind
(triangular lines), where CO excitation reflects different emitting
regions (and their gas-to-dust ratio) rather than just the irradiation
spectrum. A disk+wind interpretation for the triangular lines
naturally explains several properties observed in CO spectra,
including the line blueshifts, line shapes that turn into narrow
absorption at high inclinations, and the frequency of disk winds as a
function of the stellar type.
Description:
In this work, we have presented an overview and first results from an
ongoing M-band spectroscopic survey of planet-forming disks performed
with iSHELL on NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF), using two
slits that provide resolving power R∼60000-92000 (5 and 3.3km/s). The
spectral completeness of iSHELL data is unprecedented at these
wavelengths and resolution, covering 4.52-5.24µm in one shot with
only narrow gaps between the echelle orders.
A new transformative step forward has been enabled with the advent of
the Cryogenic High-resolution Cross-dispersed Infrared Echelle
Spectrograph (CRIRES) on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), providing the
very high resolving power of R∼94000 with its narrowest slit (0.2").
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 110 51 Measured CO line properties from the iSHELL survey
table4.dat 110 55 Measured CO line properties from the CRIRES sample
included in this work
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See also:
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)
J/ApJ/606/L73 : CO emission of 5 Herbig Ae stars (Blake+, 2004)
J/ApJ/703/1964 : Spectra of three nearby star-forming regions (Furlan+, 2009)
J/ApJ/756/171 : HST far-UV survey H2 emission of T Tau stars (France+, 2012)
J/ApJ/769/21 : Accretion luminosities young stars, Pfβ (Salyk+, 2013)
J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)
J/ApJ/813/120 : High-resolution obs. CO isotopologues in YSOs (Smith+, 2015)
J/A+A/599/A85 : Structure of Herbig AeBe disks at mas scale (Lazareff+, 2017)
J/ApJ/845/44 : 340GHz SMA obs. of 50 protoplanetary disks (Tripathi+, 2017)
J/ApJ/869/L41 : DSHARP I. Sample, ALMA obs. log and overview (Andrews+, 2018)
J/ApJ/869/L42 : DSHARP. II. Annular substructures data (Huang+, 2018)
J/A+A/628/A68 : SPHERE image of RY Tau (Garufi+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A72 : Intermediate-mass T Tau stars spectra (Villebrun+, 2019)
J/A+A/636/A116 : VLTI/PIONIER images of 15 Herbig Ae/Be stars (Kluska+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/493/234 : Herbig Ae/Be accretion rate & mechanism (Wichittanakom+ 2020)
J/A+A/650/A182 : Homogeneous study of Herbig Ae/Be stars (Guzman-Diaz+, 2021)
J/ApJS/257/3 : MAPS III. Radial chemical substructures 5 stars (Law+, 2021)
J/A+A/648/A19 : Spiral structure in the gas disc of CQ Tau (Woelfer+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 I1 --- Line [0/3] Line(s) type (1)
3- 10 A8 --- Name Object name
12- 14 A3 --- Comp ? CO component (2)
16- 19 F4.1 --- S [1.2/12.3]? Line shape parameter; see S4.2
21- 25 F5.1 km/s Cen [-25.1/27.8]? Line component centroid (3)
27- 31 F5.1 km/s FWHM [3/242]? Line component
full-width-at-half-maximum (3)
33- 37 F5.1 km/s FW10% [11.8/267]? Line full-width-at-10%-maximum (3)
39- 46 E8.2 mW/m2 F(low-J) [7.9e-16/6.8e-14] Flux of v=1-0 low Jlines (4)
48- 55 E8.2 mW/m2 e_F(low-J) [1.2e-17/2.4e-15] Uncertainty in F(low-J) (4)
57- 64 E8.2 mW/m2 F(high-J) [0/6.4e-14] Flux of v=1-0 high-J lines (4)
66- 73 E8.2 mW/m2 e_F(high-J) [1.2e-17/1.3e-15] Uncertainty in F(high-J) (4)
75- 82 E8.2 mW/m2 F(v2-1) [0/2.9e-14] Flux of v=2-1 lines (4)
84- 91 E8.2 mW/m2 e_F(v2-1) [6e-18/1.2e-14] Uncertainty in F(v2-1) (4)
93-101 E9.2 mW/m2 F(13CO) [-3.6e-17/5.8e-15] Flux of 13CO v=1-0lines (4)
103-110 E8.2 mW/m2 e_F(13CO) [0/1.4e-14] Flux error of 13CO v=1-0lines (4)
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Note (1): Types as follows:
0 = Unidentified/undetected
1 = Double-peak lines (associated to disk rings);
2 = Triangular lines (associated to disk + winds);
3 = Absorption lines.
Note (2): Component types as follows:
BC = broad component
NC = narrow component
SC = single component
abs = absorption
Note (3): in heliocentric reference as measured in the 12COv=1-0 lines.
Note that the Cen column is not corrected for stellar radial
velocities (Table 2) and the FW10% column are measured from the full
line profile only, not for BC and NC separately.
Note (4): Measured from the continuum-normalized spectra. They can be used
for line flux ratios as done in this paper, but should be flux
calibrated with the W2 flux reported in Table 2 before using them
individually.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 1 I1 --- Line [1/3] Line(s) type (1)
3- 11 A9 --- Name Object name
13- 15 A3 --- Comp CO component (2)
17- 20 F4.1 --- S [1.4/10.8] Line shape parameter; see S4.2
22- 26 F5.1 km/s Cen [-15.2/26.6] Line component centroid (3)
28- 32 F5.1 km/s FWHM [3/148] Line component
full-width-at-half-maximum (3)
34- 38 F5.1 km/s FW10 [12.9/216] Line full-width-at-10%-maximum (3)
40- 47 E8.2 mW/m2 F(low-J) [1.7e-15/1.1e-13] Flux of v=1-0 low Jlines (4)
49- 56 E8.2 mW/m2 e_F(low-J) [9.9e-18/3.3e-15] Uncertainty in F(low-J) (4)
58- 65 E8.2 mW/m2 F(high-J) [0/9.3e-14] Flux of v=1-0 high-J lines (4)
67- 74 E8.2 mW/m2 e_F(high-J) [0/5.4e-16] Uncertainty in F(high-J) (4)
76- 83 E8.2 mW/m2 F(v2-1) [0/2.7e-14] Flux of v=2-1 lines (4)
85- 92 E8.2 mW/m2 e_F(v2-1) [5.8e-18/1.7e-14] Uncertainty in F(v2-1) (4)
94-101 E8.2 mW/m2 F(13CO) [0/5.7e-15] Flux of 13CO v=1-0 lines (4)
103-110 E8.2 mW/m2 e_F(13CO) [0/1.3e-14] Flux error of 13CO v=1-0 lines (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Types as follows:
1 = Double-peak lines (associated to disk rings);
2 = Triangular lines (associated to disk + winds);
3 = Absorption lines.
Note (2): Component types as follows:
BC = broad component
NC = narrow component
SC = single component
abs = absorption
Note (3): in heliocentric reference as measured in the 12CO v=1-0 lines.
Note that the Cen column is not corrected for stellar radial
velocities (Table 2) and the FW10% column are measured from the full
line profile only, not for BC and NC separately.
Note (4): Measured from the continuum-normalized spectra. They can be used
for line flux ratios as done in this paper, but should be flux
calibrated with the W2 flux reported in Table 2 before using them
individually.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 29-Apr-2022