J/AJ/163/218 Radial velocity of Gliese 411 with APF and HIRES (Hurt+, 2022)
Confirmation of the Long-period Planet Orbiting Gliese 411 and the Detection of
a New Planet Candidate.
Hurt S.A., Fulton B., Isaacson H., Rosenthal L.J., Howard A.W., Weiss L.M.,
Petigura E.A.
<Astron. J., 163, 218 (2022)>
=2022AJ....163..218H 2022AJ....163..218H
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Stars, M-type; Radial velocities; Spectra, optical;
Spectra, infrared
Keywords: Exoplanets ; Exoplanet detection methods ; Radial velocity ;
Stellar activity
Abstract:
We perform a detailed characterization of the planetary system
orbiting the bright, nearby M dwarf Gliese 411 using radial velocities
gathered by APF, HIRES, SOPHIE, and CARMENES. We confirm the presence
of a signal with a period near 2900 days that has been disputed as
either a planet or a long-period stellar magnetic cycle. An analysis
of activity metrics including the Hα and log'RHK indices
supports the interpretation that the signal corresponds to a
Neptune-like planet, GJ411c. An additional signal near 215 days was
previously dismissed as an instrumental systematic, but we find that a
planetary origin cannot be ruled out. With a semimajor axis of
0.5142±0.0042au, this candidate's orbit falls between those of its
companions and is located beyond the outer edge of the system's
habitable zone (determined using the moist greenhouse and maximum
greenhouse limits in Kopparapu et al. 2013). It has a minimum mass of
3.89±0.84M⊕, giving a radial-velocity amplitude of
0.81±0.18m/s. If confirmed, this would be one of the
lowest-amplitude planet detections from any of these four instruments.
Our analysis of the joint radial-velocity data set also provides
tighter constraints on the orbital parameters for the previously known
planets. Photometric data from TESS do not show any signs of a transit
event. However, the outermost planet and candidate are prime targets
for future direct imaging missions, and GJ411c may be detectable via
astrometry.
Description:
We obtained high-resolution spectra of GJ411 with the High Resolution
Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) located on the Keck I telescope at
Maunakea, HI. The star was observed with a resolving power of R∼60000
over wavelengths ranging roughly from 300nm to 1000nm.
We collected 435 spectra of GJ411 using the Automated Planet Finder
(APF) between 2014 March and 2021 February. The APF is a robotic
telescope located at Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton, CA. It is
equipped with the Levy Spectrograph, a high-resolution echelle
spectrometer that achieves R∼100000 over wavelengths ranging from
374.3nm to 980nm.
Objects:
------------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s) (Period)
------------------------------------------------------------
11 03 20.19 +35 58 11.6 Gliese 411 = HD 95735 (P=56.16d)
------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 48 27 Radial velocities of Gliese 411
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/other/Sci/330.653 : Detected planets in the Eta-Earth Survey (Howard+, 2010)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/AJ/142/138 : All-sky catalog of bright M dwarfs (Lepine+, 2011)
J/A+A/551/A79 : Radial velocity periodic variations τCeti (Tuomi+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/443/2561 : CONCH-SHELL catalog of nearby M dwarfs (Gaidos+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/ApJ/805/175 : Keck and APF radial velocities of HD7924 (Fulton+, 2015)
J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)
J/ApJ/830/46 : Radial velocities 3 Neptune-mass planet hosts (Fulton+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck radial velocity Exopla Survey (Butler+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)
J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)
J/A+A/618/A103 : Gl617A and Gl96 radial velocity curves (Hobson+, 2018)
J/other/Nat/563.365 : Barnard's star radial velocity curve (Ribas+, 2018)
J/AJ/158/181 : Radial velocities & S-index values for HR 5183 (Blunt+, 2019)
J/A+A/625/A17 : SOPHIE data of Gliese 411 (Diaz+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A44 : CARMENES M-dwarfs activity indicators (Schoefer+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties catalog.I. KIC (Berger+, 2020)
J/A+A/638/A120 : SPHERE maps around Proxima Cen (Gratton+, 2020)
J/A+A/636/L6 : HD 158259 SOPHIE radial velocities (Hara+, 2020)
J/A+A/643/A112 : CARMENES VIS RVs of 3 M dwarfs (Stock+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/86 : Radial velocities of Gl414A with Keck I & APF (Dedrick+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 F12.4 d BJD [2458955/2459256] Barycentric Julian Date
BJD-2450000
14- 20 F7.4 m/s RVel [-7.14/2.16] Radial velocity
22- 27 F6.4 m/s e_RVel [0.9/4] Uncertainty in RVel
29- 34 F6.4 --- Ha [0.08/0.1]? Hα index
36- 42 F7.4 [-] logRHK [-5.69/-5.38]? The logR'HK index
44- 48 A5 --- Inst Instrument (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Instruments as follows:
apf = The Automated Planet Finder robotic telescope located at
Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton, CA. (17 occurrences)
hires = The HIRES spectrograph located on the Keck I telescope
at Mauna Kea, HA. (10 occurrences)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 12-Sep-2022