J/AJ/163/26 Sp. of Sco-Cen members & sp. classif in other clouds (Luhman+, 2022)
Spectroscopy of candidate members of the Sco-Cen complex.
Luhman K.L., Esplin T.L.
<Astron. J., 163, 26 (2022)>
=2022AJ....163...26L 2022AJ....163...26L
ADC_Keywords: Star Forming Region; Molecular clouds; Spectra, infrared;
Spectra, optical; Spectral types; Equivalent widths; YSOs
Keywords: Star formation ; Star forming regions ; Low mass stars ;
Brown dwarfs ; Initial mass function ; OB associations ;
Stellar associations
Abstract:
We present spectroscopy of 285 previously identified candidate members
of populations in the Sco-Cen complex, primarily Ophiuchus, Upper Sco,
SAACand Lupus. The spectra are used to measure spectral types and
diagnostics of youth. We find that 269 candidates exhibit signatures
of youth in our spectra or previous data, which is consistent with
their membership in Sco-Cen. We have constructed compilations of
candidate members of Ophiuchus, Upper Sco, and Lupus that have
spectral classifications and evidence of youth, which contain a total
of 2274 objects. In addition, we have used spectra from previous
studies to classify three sources in Ophiuchus that have been proposed
to be protostellar brown dwarfs: ISO Oph 70, 200, and 203. We measure
spectral types of early M from those data, which are earlier than
expected for young brown dwarfs based on evolutionary models (≳M6.5)
and instead are indicative of stellar masses (∼0.6M☉).
Description:
We selected the candidates from our surveys of Sco-Cen (e.g.,
Luhman & Esplin 2020, J/AJ/160/44 ; Luhman 2020, J/AJ/160/186 and
2021, AJ in press), giving the highest priority to candidates located
within the Ophiuchus field from Esplin+ (2018, J/AJ/156/75), the
triangular field from Luhman & Esplin (2020, J/AJ/160/44) that
encompasses the central concentration of stars in Upper Sco, and the
fields toward Lupus clouds 1-4 from Luhman (2020, J/AJ/160/186). We
focused on candidates that lack spectroscopic data, but we included
stars that have previous classifications (primarily in Lupus) because
they were sufficiently bright for poor observing conditions.
We have obtained 293 spectra for 284 candidates in Sco-Cen. Nine
objects were observed with both optical and IR spectrographs. The
observations were performed with the 4m Blanco telescope at the Cerro
Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), the NASA Infrared Telescope
Facility (IRTF), and the Gemini North telescope.
The Cerro Tololo Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (COSMOS)
observations with the 0.9" and 1.2" slits were performed on
2021-Jun-19/21 and 24/26, respectively.
We have made use of archival data for one additional object that was
observed through program 085.C-0887(A) (M. Fang) with the Infrared
Spectrometer and Array Camera at the Unit Telescope 4 of the Very
Large Telescope (VLT) at the European Southern Observatory. The
configuration of that instrument produced a spectrum covering the H
and K bands with a resolution of ∼1000.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
16 15 00.00 -24 11 59.9 Sco-Cen = NAME Sco-Cen
16 12 00.00 -23 23 59.9 Upper Sco = NAME Upper Sco
16 28 05.99 -24 32 30.0 Ophiuchus = NAME Oph Cloud
15 43 02.10 -34 09 05.9 Lupus 1 = Lupus 1
15 57 07.99 -37 47 05.9 Lupus 2 = Lupus 2
16 09 36.00 -39 02 59.9 Lupus 3 = NAME Lupus III
16 03 12.39 -42 07 42.6 Lupus 4 = Lupus 4
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 239 285 Spectroscopic data for candidate members of Sco-Cen
table3.dat 213 2142 Candidate members of Ophiuchus and Upper Sco with
spectral classifications at l=343°-360°
and b=10°-30°
table4.dat 145 132 Candidate members of Lupus clouds 1-4 with
spectral classifications
refs.dat 112 110 References
fig1/* . 55 Individual optical spectra in FITS format
fig2/* . 240 Individual infrared spectra in FITS format
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
III/117 : MK Classifications of Close Visual Binaries (Corbally, 1984)
III/135 : Henry Draper Catalogue and Extension (Cannon+ 1918-1924; ADC 1989)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/359 : The VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) catalog DR4.1 (McMahon+, 2013)
I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)
II/367 : The VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) catalog DR5 (McMahon+, 2020)
I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
J/AJ/113/1733 : Orion Nebula Cluster population (Hillenbrand 1997)
J/A+AS/123/329 : New weak-line T Tauri stars in Lupus (Krautter+ 1997)
J/A+A/325/647 : High-resolution spectra south of Taurus (Neuhaeuser+ 1997)
J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)
J/A+A/333/619 : Upper Sco OB association Lithium survey (Preibisch+ 1998)
J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)
J/AJ/120/479 : Low-mass stars in the Upper Sco association (Ardila+, 2000)
J/A+A/372/173 : ISOCAM obs. of the rho Ophiuchi cloud (Bontemps+, 2001)
J/A+A/378/116 : Classif. and vsini of Vega-type and PMS stars (Mora+, 2001)
J/AJ/121/1040 : PMS members of upper Scorpius OB assoc. (Preibisch+, 2001)
J/AJ/124/404 : Upper Sco OB assoc. Lithium survey. II. (Preibisch, 2002)
J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)
J/A+A/402/963 : Stephenson Hα stars (Maheswar+, 2003)
J/AJ/126/2971 : UBVRI photometry of 131 Herbig Ae/Be (Vieira+, 2003)
J/other/ARA+A/42.685 : Young stars near the Sun (Zuckerman+, 2004)
J/AJ/130/1733 : Optical spectroscopy of ρ Oph stars (Wilking+, 2005)
J/ApJ/651/L49 : Upper Sco OB association IRAC obs. (Carpenter+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/373/95 : ZYJHK survey of Upper Sco association (Lodieu+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/866 : New M dwarfs in solar neighborhood (Riaz+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/3016 : Low-mass objects in Upper Scorpius (Slesnick+, 2006)
J/A+A/460/695 : Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)
J/ApJS/179/249 : Low-luminosity embedded protostar population (Dunham+, 2008)
J/AJ/136/1290 : Ultracool dwarfs from the 2MASS (Reid+, 2008)
J/ApJ/688/377 : Low-mass objects in Upper Scorpius. II. (Slesnick+, 2008)
J/ApJ/703/1511 : Wide binaries in Taurus and Upper Sco (Kraus+, 2009)
J/A+A/515/A75 : Low-mass pop. in ρ Oph cloud (Alves de Oliveira+, 2010)
J/ApJ/712/925 : Transition circumstellar disks in Ophiuchus (Cieza+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)
J/AJ/142/140 : Opt. spectroscopy of ρ Oph stars. II. (Erickson+, 2011)
J/A+A/527/A24 : Spectra of low-mass stars in Upper Sco (Lodieu+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/416/3108 : Membership of Sco OB2 moving group (Rizzuto+, 2011)
J/ApJ/744/134 : SONYC new brown dwarfs in ρ Oph (Muzic+, 2012)
J/ApJ/746/154 : Improved kinematic plx for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)
J/ApJ/749/79 : Transition disks. II. Southern MoC (Romero+, 2012)
J/A+A/551/A107 : X-shooter sp. of 24 young stellar objects (Manara+, 2013)
J/A+A/561/A2 : 36 accreting YSOs emission lines (Alcala+, 2014)
J/A+A/562/A127 : NIR integral field sp. of 15 M-L dwarfs (Bonnefoy+, 2014)
J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/159 : SONYC census of substellar objects in Lupus 3 (Muzic+, 2014)
J/ApJ/810/158 : M,L,T dwarfs fundamental param. and SEDs (Filippazzo+, 2015)
J/A+A/579/A66 : Accretion in ρ-Ophiucus (Manara+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/448/2737 : New PMS K/M Stars in Upper Scorpius (Rizzuto+, 2015)
J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)
J/A+A/600/A20 : Lupus YSOs X-shooter spectroscopy (Alcala+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/256 : VLM stars and BDs in Upper Sco using Gaia DR1 (Cook+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/46 : Spectroscopy of candidate members in Taurus (Luhman+, 2017)
J/AJ/156/75 : Circumstellar disks in the Upper Sco assoc. (Esplin+, 2018)
J/ApJ/868/32 : A large moving group within the LCC assoc. (Goldman+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/76 : New young stars & brown dwarfs in Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2018)
J/A+A/626/A80 : Rho Oph cand. members from Gaia DR2 (Canovas+, 2019)
J/A+A/623/A112 : The Sco OB2 population from Gaia DR2 data (Damiani+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/44 : Upper Scorpius spectroscopy and photometry (Luhman+, 2020)
J/A+A/643/A148 : Lupus DANCe. Census & 6D with Gaia-DR2 (Galli+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/186 : Gaia survey of stars assoc. with Lupus Clouds (Luhman, 2020)
J/AJ/160/44 : Upper Scorpius spectroscopy and photometry (Luhman+, 2020)
J/A+A/642/A86 : Circumstellar disks in Lupus complex (Teixeira+, 2020)
J/A+A/652/A2 : rho Oph region revisited with Gaia EDR3 (Grasser+, 2021)
J/ApJ/917/23 : SPYGLASS. I. Mapping young stellar structures (Kerr+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/503/2265 : VISTA and Subaru/HSC obs. of Upper Scorpius (Lodieu+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia ? Gaia EDR3 source name
21- 39 A19 --- UGCS UKIDSS Galactic Clusters Survey source name
41- 57 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS Point Source Catalog source name
59- 80 A22 --- Name Other source name
82- 91 F10.6 deg RAdeg [229.68/249.12] Right ascension (ICRS)
93-102 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-42.72/-18] Declination (ICRS)
104-109 A6 --- Ref-Pos Reference for right ascension and
declination; note that various Epoch
are used (1)
111-120 A10 --- SpT Spectral type from this work (2)
122-122 A1 --- f_EWLi ? Flag for EWLi
124-126 I3 0.1pm EWLi [200/900]? Equivalent width of Li (3)
128-131 I4 0.1pm EWNa [1700/4300]? Equivalent width of Na (3)
133-147 A15 --- Inst Instrument used for spectral classification
149-159 A11 "Y/M/D" Date1 Date of spectroscopy
160 A1 --- --- [,]
161-171 A11 "Y/M/D" Date2 Second date of spectroscopy if any
173-174 A2 --- Young Is the candidate young based on spectroscopy
or other diagnostics?
176-179 A4 --- Kin ? Kinematic population (G1)
181-181 A1 --- Pos ? Position in Sco-Cen (G2)
183-210 A28 --- FileName1 Name of the IR spectrum FITS file
in subdirectory "fig2"; column added by CDS
212-239 A28 --- FileName2 Name of the optical spectrum FITS file
in subdirectory "fig1"; column added by CDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Sources of the right ascension and declination are Gaia EDR3
(Epoch 2016.0; see I/355), DR10 of the UKIDSS Galactic Clusters Survey
(Epoch is not always the same; see II/319), and the 2MASS Point Source
Catalog (Epoch 2000; see II/246).
Note (2): Uncertainties are 0.25 and 0.5 subclass for optical and IR
spectral types, respectively, unless indicated otherwise.
Note (3): Typical uncertainties are 0.05 and 0.3 Angstroms for Li and Na,
respectively.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia ? Gaia EDR3 source name
21- 39 A19 --- UGCS UKIDSS Galactic Clusters Survey source name
41- 58 A18 --- 2MASS 2MASS Point Source Catalog source name
60-116 A57 --- Name Other source name
118-127 F10.6 deg RAdeg [233/252.4] Right ascension (ICRS)
129-138 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-31.8/-16.2] Declination (ICRS)
140-145 A6 --- Ref-Pos Reference for right ascension and
declination; note that various Epoch
are used (1)
147-177 A31 --- SpType Spectral type
179-198 A20 --- r_SpType Spectral type reference (see refs.dat file)
200-206 A7 --- SpT Adopted spectral type
208-211 A4 --- Kin Kinematic population (G1)
213-213 A1 --- Pos Position in Sco-Cen (G2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Sources of the right ascension and declination are:
gaia = Gaia EDR3 (Epoch 2016.0; see I/355),
UKIDSS = DR10 of the UKIDSS Galactic Clusters Survey (Epoch is not always
the same; see II/319),
2MASS = the 2MASS Point Source Catalog (Epoch 2000; see II/246),
And high-resolution imaging:
ire = Ireland et al. 2011ApJ...726..113I 2011ApJ...726..113I (J2000)
kra = Kraus et al. 2014ApJ...781...20K 2014ApJ...781...20K
lac = Lachapelle et al. 2015ApJ...802...61L 2015ApJ...802...61L
bry = Bryan et al. 2016ApJ...827..100B 2016ApJ...827..100B (J2000)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia ? Gaia EDR3 source name
21- 37 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS Point Source Catalog source name
39- 68 A30 --- Name Other source name
70- 79 F10.6 deg RAdeg [234.7/243.5] Right ascension (ICRS) (1)
81- 90 F10.6 deg DEdeg [-42.72/-32.96] Declination (ICRS) (1)
92-119 A28 --- SpType Spectral type
121-135 A15 --- n_SpType Spectral type reference (2)
137-141 A5 --- SpT Adopted spectral type
143-145 A3 --- Kin Kinematic population (G1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Coordinates are from Gaia EDR3 (ICRS, Epoch 2016.0; see I/355) when
available and otherwise are from the 2MASS Point Source Catalog
(J2000, Epoch 2000; see II/246).
Note (2): Spectral Type Reference as follows:
1 = this work;
2 = Appenzeller et al. (1983A&AS...53..291A 1983A&AS...53..291A);
3 = Heyer & Graham (1989PASP..101..816H 1989PASP..101..816H);
4 = Hughes et al. (1994AJ....108.1071H 1994AJ....108.1071H);
5 = Kunkel M. (1999, PhDT Julius-Maximilians-Univ., Wuurzburg);
6 = Herczeg & Hillenbrand (2014ApJ...786...97H 2014ApJ...786...97H);
7 = Alcala et al. (2017A&A...600A..20A 2017A&A...600A..20A);
8 = Alcala et al. (2014A&A...561A...2A 2014A&A...561A...2A);
9 = Krautter et al. (1997A&AS..123..329K 1997A&AS..123..329K);
10 = Torres et al. (2006A&A...460..695T 2006A&A...460..695T);
11 = Herbig (1977ApJ...214..747H 1977ApJ...214..747H);
12 = Martin et al. (1994ApJ...436..262M 1994ApJ...436..262M);
13 = Pecaut & Mamajek (2016MNRAS.461..794P 2016MNRAS.461..794P);
14 = Mortier et al. (2011MNRAS.418.1194M 2011MNRAS.418.1194M);
15 = Romero et al. (2012ApJ...749...79R 2012ApJ...749...79R);
16 = Allen et al. (2007ApJ...655.1095A 2007ApJ...655.1095A);
17 = Comeron et al. (2013A&A...554A..86C 2013A&A...554A..86C);
18 = Muzic et al. (2014ApJ...785..159M 2014ApJ...785..159M);
19 = Comeron et al. (2003A&A...406.1001C 2003A&A...406.1001C);
20 = Manara et al. (2013A&A...551A.107M 2013A&A...551A.107M);
21 = Muzic et al. (2015ApJ...810..159M 2015ApJ...810..159M);
22 = Houk (1982mcts.book.....H 1982mcts.book.....H);
23 = Blondel & Tjin A Djie (2006A&A...456.1045B 2006A&A...456.1045B).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 28 A24 --- Auth First author's name(s)
30- 48 A19 --- BibCode ADS/Simbad Bibcode of the reference if any
50-112 A63 --- Comm Comment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Parallax and proper motion offset from Gaia EDR3 are consistent
with membership in these Sco-Cen populations based on the criteria in
Luhman (2021a; AJ submitted):
u = Upper Sco;
o = Ophiuchus;
l = Lupus;
v = V1062 Sco;
c = UCL/LCC;
n = none of these populations.
Note (G2): Celestial coordinates within these regions:
o = the Ophiuchus field from Esplin+ 2018, J/AJ/156/75
u = the triangular field in Upper Sco from
Luhman & Esplin (2020, J/AJ/160/44), excluding Ophiuchus
l = the fields encompassing Lupus clouds 1-4 from Luhman 2020, J/AJ/160/186
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 11-Oct-2024