J/AJ/163/276 X-band observation of compact radio sources in M17 (Yanza+, 2022)
The Population of Compact Radio Sources in M17.
Yanza V., Masque J.M., Dzib S.A., Rodriguez L.F., Medina S.-N.X., Kurtz S.,
Loinard L., Trinidad M.A., Menten K.M., Rodriguez-Rico C.A.
<Astron. J., 163, 276 (2022)>
=2022AJ....163..276Y 2022AJ....163..276Y
ADC_Keywords: Star Forming Region; YSOs; Radio sources;
Parallaxes, trigonometric
Keywords: Star forming regions ; Young stellar objects ; Radio source
catalogs
Abstract:
We present a catalog of radio sources of the M17 region based on deep
X-band radio observations centered at 10GHz obtained with the Jansky
Very Large Array in the A configuration. We detect a total of 194
radio sources, 12 of them extended and 182 compact. We find that a
significant fraction (at least 40% in our catalog) have suspected
gyrosynchrotron emission associated with stellar coronal emission. By
comparing the radio luminosities of our sources with their X-ray
counterparts, when available, we find that they are underluminous in
X-rays with respect to the Gudel-Benz relation, but a correlation with
a similar slope is obtained provided that only sources with evident
nonthermal nature are selected from the sample compiled for the Orion
Nebula Cluster (ONC) and M17. The comparison of M17 with the ONC and
NGC 6334D-F leads to a similar luminosity function for the three
regions, at least for the more luminous sources. However, the radio
sources in M17 are three times more numerous compared to the other
regions at a given luminosity and their spatial distribution differs
from that of Orion. Moreover, an arc-shaped structure of 40" in extent
is observed in our map, identified previously as an ionizing front,
with the cometary hypercompact source UC1 at its focus. Archival 1mm
ALMA data reveals compact emission coincident with the radio
wavelength peak, possibly associated with a protostellar disk of the
massive star exciting UC1.
Description:
The Very Large Array (VLA) data were taken using the most extended A
configuration in the X-band (8-12GHz) toward the M17 star-forming
region. The observations were made in three epochs with a total
observation time of 4hr (1hr on 2018 May 3, 1hr on May 4, and 2hr on
May 8). The data were taken using the 3bit sampling mode with an
integration time set to 2s.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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18 20 47 -16 10.3 M17 = NGC 6618
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 52 12 Extended sources in M17 region from the final map
table3.dat 24 12 Distances of the Gaia counterparts of the CRSs
table4.dat 35 22 *Spectral Indices of the CRSs
table8.dat 93 182 Parameters of the CRSs with their counterparts at
other wavelengths
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Note on table4.dat: We only report sources with spectral index errors smaller
than or equal to 0.5.
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See also:
J/ApJ/574/258 : X-ray-emitting young stars in Orion nebula (Feigelson+, 2002)
J/ApJ/613/393 : X-ray and radio sources in ρ Oph Core A (Gagne+, 2004)
J/ApJS/169/353 : Chandra sources in M17 (Broos+, 2007)
J/ApJ/696/1278 : The extended star-forming environment of M17 (Povich+, 2009)
J/ApJ/775/63 : Gould's Belt VLA Survey. I. Ophiuchus complex (Dzib+, 2013)
J/A+A/560/A76 : Catalog of stellar clusters in inner Galaxy (Morales+, 2013)
J/ApJ/790/49 : Gould's Belt VLA survey. III. Orion region (Kounkel+, 2014)
J/ApJ/801/91 : Gould's Belt Very Large Array survey. IV. Taurus (Dzib+, 2015)
J/ApJ/805/9 : Gould's Belt VLA Survey II. Serpens region (Ortiz-Leon+, 2015)
J/A+A/588/A97 : Continuum sources from the THOR survey (Bihr+, 2016)
J/ApJ/822/93 : Population of compact radio sources in ONC (Forbrich+, 2016)
J/ApJ/818/116 : Gould's Belt VLA survey. V. Perseus region (Pech+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/142 : Gould's Belt Distances Survey. II. OMC (Kounkel+, 2017)
J/A+A/610/A27 : Compact radio sources in NGC 6334D to F (Medina+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/A124 : THOR survey in northern Galactic plane (Wang+, 2018)
J/A+A/627/A175 : GLOSTAR. Radio Source Catalogue I (Medina+ 2019)
J/ApJ/906/24 : A VLBA Survey of Radio Stars in the ONC. II. (Dzib+, 2021)
J/ApJ/906/23 : A VLBA Survey of radio stars in the ONC. I. (Forbrich+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/12] Sequential number ID
4- 5 I2 h RAh [18] Hour of right ascension (J2000)
7- 8 I2 min RAm [20] Minute of right ascension (J2000)
10- 15 F6.3 s RAs [24/31] Second ofright ascension (J2000)
17 A1 --- DE- [-] Sign of declination (J2000)
18- 19 I2 deg DEd [16] Degree of declination (J2000)
21- 22 I2 arcmin DEm [7/13] Arcminute of declination (J2000)
24- 28 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
30- 32 I3 uJy/beam Fpeak [57/560] Flux density at peak
34- 35 I2 uJy/beam e_Fpeak [7/45] Error on Speak
37- 42 I6 uJy Fint [887/101425] Integrated flux
44- 47 I4 uJy e_Fint [109/7245] Error on Sint
49- 52 F4.1 arcsec2 Area [0.4/40.3] Angular area
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [6/170] Sequential number ID
5- 8 F4.2 mas plx [0.52/1.01] Parallax from Gaia
10- 14 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.1/0.6] Error on plx
16- 19 F4.2 kpc Dist [0.99/1.92] Gaia distances
21- 24 F4.2 kpc e_Dist [0.19/0.98] Error on Dist
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [22/161] Sequential number ID
5- 9 I5 uJy F9 [164/92486] Flux at 9GHz
11- 14 I4 uJy e_F9 [12/4626] Error on S9
16- 21 I6 uJy F11 [138/111808] Flux at 11GHz
23- 26 I4 uJy e_F11 [9/5591] Error on F11
28- 31 F4.1 --- SI [-2.3/1] Spectral index
33- 35 F3.1 --- e_SI [0.3/0.5] Error on SI
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/182] Sequential number ID
5- 6 I2 h RAh [18] Hour of right ascension (J2000)
8- 9 I2 min RAm [20] Minute of right ascension (J2000)
11- 16 F6.3 s RAs [16/45] Second of right ascension (J2000)
18- 22 F5.3 s e_RAs [0.001/0.002] Error on RAs
24 A1 --- DE- [-] Sign of declination (J2000)
25- 26 I2 deg DEd [16] Degree of declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 arcmin DEm [7/14] Arcminute of declination (J2000)
31- 35 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
37- 41 F5.3 arcsec e_DEs Error on DEs
43- 47 I5 uJy/beam Fpeak [25/18582] Flux at peak
49- 52 I4 uJy/beam e_Fpeak [5/1003] Error on Fpeak
54- 58 I5 uJy Fint [25/97836] Integrated flux
60- 63 I4 uJy e_Fint [5/5092] Error on Fint
65- 69 A5 --- Xray X-ray counterparts from Chandra;
Broos+, 2007, J/ApJS/169/353
71- 75 A5 --- IR IR counterparts from Two Micron All-Sky Survey
(1)
77- 81 A5 --- Opt Optical counterparts from Gaia DR2
83- 93 A11 --- Radio Catalog number in
Rodriguez+, 2012ApJ...755..152R 2012ApJ...755..152R
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Note (1): Spitzer Space Telescope Galactic Legacy infrared Mid-Plane survey.
IR counterparts are reported when the sources are detected in at
least one of the available bands.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by Coralie Fix [CDS], 18-Oct-2022