J/AJ/163/293 The TESS-Keck Survey. XI. TOI-1246 RVel (Turtelboom+, 2022)
The TESS-Keck Survey.
XI. Mass Measurements for Four Transiting Sub-Neptunes Orbiting K Dwarf
TOI-1246.
Turtelboom E.V., Weiss L.M., Dressing C.D., Nowak G., Palle E., Beard C.,
Blunt S., Brinkman C., Chontos A., Claytor Z.R., Dai F., Dalba P.A.,
Giacalone S., Gonzales E., Harada C.K., Hill M.L., Holcomb R., Korth J.,
Lubin J., Masseron T., MacDougall M., Mayo A.W., Mocnik T.,
Akana Murphy J.M., Polanski A.S., Rice M., Rubenzahl R.A., Scarsdale N.,
Stassun K.G., Tyler D.B., Van Zandt J., Crossfield I.J.M., Deeg H.J.,
Fulton B., Gandolfi D., Howard A.W., Huber D., Isaacson H., Kane S.R.,
Lam K.W.F., Luque R., Martin E.L., Morello G., Orell-Miquel J.,
Petigura E.A., Robertson P., Roy A., Van Eylen V., Baker D., Belinski A.A.,
Bieryla A., Ciardi D.R., Collins K.A., Cutting N., Della-Rose D.J.,
Ellingsen T.B., Furlan E., Gan T., Gnilka C.L., Guerra P., Howell S.B.,
Jimenez M., Latham D.W., Lariviere M., Lester K.V., Lillo-Box J., Luker L.,
Mann C.R., Plavchan P.P., Safonov B., Skinner B., Strakhov I.A.,
Wittrock J.M., Caldwell D.A., Essack Z., Jenkins J.M., Quintana E.V.,
Ricker G.R., Vanderspek R., Seager S., Winn J.N.
<Astron. J., 163, 293 (2022)>
=2022AJ....163..293T 2022AJ....163..293T
ADC_Keywords: Stars, K-type; Exoplanets; Spectra, optical; Radial velocities
Keywords: Exoplanet astronomy ; Mini Neptunes ; Exoplanets ; Radial
velocity ; Transits ; Transit photometry ; Transit timing
variation method ; Exoplanet systems
Abstract:
Multiplanet systems are valuable arenas for investigating exoplanet
architectures and comparing planetary siblings. TOI-1246 is one such
system, with a moderately bright K-dwarf (V=11.6, K=9.9) and four
transiting sub-Neptunes identified by TESS with orbital periods of
4.31, 5.90, 18.66, and 37.92days. We collected 130 radial velocity
observations with Keck/HIRES and TNG/HARPS-N to measure planet masses.
We refit the 14 sectors of TESS photometry to refine planet radii
(2.97±0.06R⊕, 2.47±0.08R⊕, 3.46±0.09R⊕,
and 3.72±0.16R⊕) and confirm the four planets. We find that
TOI-1246 e is substantially more massive than the three inner planets
(8.1±1.1M⊕, 8.8±1.2M⊕, 5.3±1.7M⊕, and
14.8±2.3M⊕). The two outer planets, TOI-1246d and TOI-1246e,
lie near to the 2:1 resonance (Pe/Pd=2.03) and exhibit transit-timing
variations. TOI-1246 is one of the brightest four-planet systems,
making it amenable for continued observations. It is one of only five
systems with measured masses and radii for all four transiting
planets. The planet densities range from 0.70±0.24 to
3.21±0.44g/cm3, implying a range of bulk and atmospheric
compositions. We also report a fifth planet candidate found in the RV
data with a minimum mass of 25.6±3.6M⊕. This planet
candidate is exterior to TOI-1246e, with a candidate period of
93.8days, and we discuss the implications if it is confirmed to be
planetary in nature.
Description:
TESS-Keck Survey (TKS) obtained high-resolution spectra of TOI-1246
using the High Resolution Echelle Spectrograph (HIRES) spectrograph on
the Keck I telescope on Maunakea. We collected 100 spectra between
2019 November and 2021 October. HIRES operates between 360 and 800nm,
and TOI-1246 was observed using the red cross-disperser, C2 decker
(14"x0.861", R=60000), and with a median exposure time of 1004s.
A further 28 high-resolution spectra of TOI-1246 were collected using
the HARPS-N instrument installed at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
(TNG) of Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in La Palma, Spain. These
observations were taken between 2020 February and 2021 September. The
exposure time was set to 1800-3600s, based on weather conditions and
scheduling constraints, leading to a signal-to-noise ratio per pixel
of 25-56 at 5500Å.
Objects:
--------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s) (Period)
--------------------------------------------------------
16 44 27.96 +70 25 46.7 TOI-1246 = TOI-1246 (P=93.8d)
--------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 50 128 Radial velocities & spectral activity indicators
measured from Keck/HIRES and TNG/HARPS-N
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See also:
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
VI/120 : High-resolution synthetic stellar library (Coelho+, 2005)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/other/A+ARV/18.67 : Accurate masses and radii of normal stars (Torres+, 2010)
J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011)
J/A+A/546/A27 : Radial velocity and photometry for GJ3470 (Bonfils+, 2012)
J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/426/739 : Velocities for seven transiting hot Jupiters (Hellier+, 2012)
J/A+A/546/A10 : Multiplicity transiting planet-host stars (Lillo-Box+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/421/2342 : 4 Kepler systems transit timing observation (Steffen+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)
J/ApJ/776/67 : Rotational tracks (van Saders+, 2013)
J/ApJ/790/146 : Planets in Kepler's multi-transiting systems (Fabrycky+, 2014)
J/ApJ/785/15 : Transit times Kepler-79's known planets (Jontof-Hutter+, 2014)
J/A+A/566/A103 : Kepler planet host candidates imaging (Lillo-Box+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/25 : Transit timing variation 15 planetary pairs. II. (Xie, 2014)
J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive probabilities Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs (Morton+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/180 : Bolometric fluxes eclipsing binaries Tycho-2 (Stassun+, 2016)
J/ApJ/825/19 : Mass-radius relationship planets with Rp<4 (Wolfgang+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/17 : Mass & radius of planets, moons, low mass stars (Chen+, 2017)
J/A+A/600/A30 : Limb-darkening for TESS satellite (Claret, 2017)
J/A+A/608/A35 : K2-18 HARPS time-series (Cloutier+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/71 : Kepler follow-up observation program I Imaging (Furlan+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/5 : Transit timing variations 145 Kepler planets (Hadden+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/136 : Planets & their host stars with Gaia plxes (Stassun+, 2017)
J/A+A/618/A142 : Radial velocity for GJ 1132 (Bonfils+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey. V. Masses and radii (Weiss+, 2018)
J/AJ/157/242 : Updated study of potential targets for Ariel (Edwards+, 2019)
J/ApJ/876/L24 : HARPS radial velocities of host star HD15337 (Gandolfi+, 2019)
J/ApJS/250/20 : Rotation periods in TESS objects of interest (Canto+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/120 : Transit time of K2-146b and K2-146c with K2 & HPF (Lam+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/57 : HST spectroscopic LCs Kepler 51b & 51d (Libby-Roberts+, 2020)
J/A+A/640/A48 : K2-32 and K2-233 light and RV curves (Lillo-Box+, 2020)
J/A+A/646/A157 : HD 108236 CHEOPS light curves (Bonfanti+, 2021)
J/A+A/653/A41 : L 98-59 (TOI-175) ESPRESSO observations (Demangeon+, 2021)
J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/216 : Occurrence rates systems with a Venus-like planet (He+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A26 : TOI-178 six transiting planets (Leleu+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/75 : Speckle obs. TESS exoplanet host stars. II. (Lester+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/56 : The TESS-Keck Survey. II. RVs of TOI-561 (Weiss+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/55 : 65 Transit-timing variation planets properties (Yee+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 F12.4 d BJD [2458896/2459633] Barycentric Julian Date (BJDTBD)
14- 21 F8.4 m/s RVel [-17.9/15.8] Radial velocity
23- 28 F6.4 m/s e_RVel [1/3] Error on RVel
30- 35 F6.4 --- SI [0/0.19] Spectral index
37- 42 F6.4 --- e_SI [0.001/0.02] Error on SI
44- 50 A7 --- Inst Instrument used; HARPS or HIRES
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
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(End) Prepared by Coralie Fix [CDS], 19-Oct-2022