J/AJ/164/115 TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets. VII. (Newton+, 2022)
TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME).
VII. Membership, Rotation, and Lithium in the Young Cluster Group-X and a New
Young Exoplanet.
Newton E.R., Rampalli R., Kraus A.L., Mann A.W., Curtis J.L., Vanderburg A.,
Krolikowski D.M., Huber D., Petter G.C., Bieryla A., Tofflemire B.M.,
Thao Pa C., Wood M.L., Kerr R., Safanov B.S., Strakhov I.A., Ciardi D.R.,
Giacalone S., Dressing C.D., Gill H., Savel A.B., Collins K.A., Brown P.,
Murgas F., Isogai K., Narita N., Palle E., Quinn S.N., Eastman J.D.,
Furesz G., Shiao B., Daylan T., Caldwell D.A., Ricker G.R., Vanderspek R.,
Seager S., Winn J.N., Jenkins J.M., Latham D.W.
<Astron. J., 164, 115 (2022)>
=2022AJ....164..115N 2022AJ....164..115N
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open; Exoplanets; Proper motions; Photometry, VRI;
Parallaxes, trigonometric; Radial velocities
Keywords: Young star clusters ; Stellar rotation ; Exoplanets
Abstract:
The public, all-sky surveys Gaia and TESS provide the ability to
identify new young associations and determine their ages. These
associations enable study of planetary evolution by providing new
opportunities to discover young exoplanets. A young association was
recently identified by Tang et al. and Furnkranz et al. using
astrometry from Gaia (called "Group-X" by the former). In this work,
we investigate the age and membership of this association, and we
validate the exoplanet TOI 2048b, which was identified to transit a
young, late G-dwarf in Group-X using photometry from TESS. We first
identified new candidate members of Group-X using Gaia EDR3 data. To
infer the age of the association, we measured rotation periods for
candidate members using TESS data. The clear color-period sequence
indicates that the association is the same age as the 300±50Myr
old NGC3532. We obtained optical spectra for candidate members that
show lithium absorption consistent with this young age. Further, we
serendipitously identify a new, small association nearby Group-X,
which we call MELANGE-2. Lastly, we statistically validate TOI2048b,
which is a 2.1±0.2R⊕ radius planet on a 13.8day orbit around
its 300Myr old host star.
Description:
We adopted the union of two catalogs as the final candidate member
list of Group-X. Tang+, 2019, J/ApJ/877/12 and Furnkranz+, 2019,
J/A+A/624/L11, from clustering analyses of Gaia DR2 sources in 5D
(position and proper-motion) space.
We measured rotation periods independently from Transiting Exoplanet
Survey Satellite (TESS) and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) data.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table5.dat 177 376 Combined Group-X members
table6.dat 134 165 Rotation periods for Group-X members
table7.dat 110 32 Li EW measurements for candidate Group-X members
table9.dat 71 30 *Provenance of data for transiting planets in
associations <1Gyr in age, plotted in Figure 13
table10.dat 137 81 Friends of MELANGE-2
table11.dat 89 27 Rotation periods for MELANGE-2 friends
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Note on table9.dat : Data taken from NASA Exoplanet Science Institute
(2020) [doi:10.26133/NEA12]
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See also:
I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)
J/AJ/141/115 : BV(RI)c photometry on NGC 3532 (Clem+, 2011)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/AJ/152/8 : Impact of stellar mult. on planetary systems I. (Kraus+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. I (Rebull+, 2016)
J/ApJS/222/14 : Planetary candidates from 1styr K2 mission (Vanderburg+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/128 : WOCS. LXXV. Hyades&Praesepe stellar Li data (Cummings+, 2017)
J/ApJ/845/72 : Factory & the beehive. III. PTFEB132.707+19.810 (Kraus+, 2017)
J/AJ/153/257 : Comoving stars in Gaia DR1 (Oh+, 2017)
J/ApJ/862/33 : Improved & expanded membership cat for NGC752 (Agueros+, 2018)
J/A+A/613/A63 : Lithium content for 148 Pleiades stars (Bouvier+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/259 : Robo-AO detected close binaries in Gaia DR2 (Ziegler+, 2018)
J/ApJ/879/100 : K2 rotation periods Hyades & Praesepe members (Douglas+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/A110 : Spectroscopic membership for NGC 3532 (Fritzewski+, 2019)
J/A+A/624/L11 : Coma Berenices neighbor moving group (Fuernkranz+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/122 : Local structure &star formation history of MW (Kounkel+, 2019)
J/A+A/624/L11 : Coma Berenices neighbor moving group (Fuernkranz+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/L13 : Stellar stream in Gaia DR2 discovery (Meingast+, 2019)
J/A+A/630/A89 : WASP-12b and WASP-43b griz light curves (Parviainen+, 2019)
J/A+A/621/L2 : Hyades tidal tails revealed by Gaia DR2 (Roeser+, 2019)
J/ApJ/877/12 : Coma Ber & a Neighbor Stellar Group tidal tails (Tang+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/239 : Cluster difference imaging photo. survey. II. (Bouma+, 2020)
J/ApJ/904/140 : Ruprecht 147 members & rot. data 5 other cl. (Curtis+, 2020)
J/ApJ/898/27 : Bayesian Ages For Field Low-mass Stars (Stanford-Moore+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/192 : Photometry and RVs of K2-25b with HPF (Stefansson+, 2020)
J/A+A/650/A66 : DS Tuc A radial velocity curve (Benatti+, 2021)
J/A+A/652/A60 : Rotation periods for NGC 3532 (Fritzewski+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/24 : TRICERATOPS predictions for 384 TOIs (Giacalone+, 2021)
J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS first 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)
J/A+A/645/A84 : Coronae of nearby star clusters (Meingast+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/65 : THYME. IV. 3 Exoplanets around TOI-451 B (Newton+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia EDR3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)
J/ApJS/255/17 : Surface rotation & activity Kepler stars. II. (Santos+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/171 : THYME. V. Discovering stellar association (Tofflemire+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/121 : Radial velocity and light curve of Kepler 1627A (Bouma+, 2022)
J/A+A/661/A29 : First eROSITA study of nearby M dwarfs (Magaudda+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/156 : THYME. VI. TOI-1227 radial velocity (Mann+, 2022)
J/A+A/657/L3 : Rotation periods of Group X candidate members (Messina+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 source identifier
21- 30 I10 --- TIC TESS Input catalog identifier
32- 41 F10.6 deg RA_ICRS [178/258] Barycentric right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
43- 52 F10.7 deg DE_ICRS [38/69] Barycentric declination (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
54- 60 F7.3 mas/yr pmRA [-23.2/0.2] Proper motion in right ascension
62- 68 F7.3 mas/yr pmDE [-12.2/9.54] Proper motion in declination
70- 74 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.009/2] Standard error of pmRA
76- 80 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.01/1] Standard error of pmDE
82- 87 F6.3 mas plx [7.16/13.4] Absolute stellar parallax Ep=2016.0
89- 93 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.009/0.8] Standard error of Plx
95- 99 F5.2 --- RUWE [0.81/19.4] Gaia renormalised unit weight error
101-106 F6.3 mag Gmag [5.59/20.8]? Gaia EDR3 G-band mean magnitude
108-111 I4 --- RFG [65/7742]? Mean flux in the G-band divided by
its error
113-118 F6.3 mag BP-RP [-0.04/4.15]? Gaia EDR3 BP-RP color
120-123 I4 --- RFBP [3/4160]? Integrated BP mean flux divided by
its error
125-130 I6 --- RFRP [17/417688]? Integrated RP mean flux divided by
its error
132-138 F7.4 --- cstar [-0.03/1.54]? corrected GBP and GRP flux excess
factor
140-147 F8.5 mag Tmag [4.97/19.7] TESS magnitude
149-153 F5.3 --- cont [0/9.27]? TESS Contam. ratio
155-159 A5 --- tang? Appears in Tang+, 2019, J/ApJ/877/12 ?
161-165 A5 --- furn? Appears in Furnkranz+, 2019, J/A+A/624/L11 ?
167-171 A5 --- friends Identified as a Friend of TOI-2048
173-177 F5.3 km/s voff [0/5]? Reprojected tangential velocities
relative to TOI-2048
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 source identifier
21- 30 I10 --- TIC TESS Input catalog identifier
32- 49 F18.14 deg RA_ICRS [195/258] Barycentric right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
51- 68 F18.15 deg DE_ICRS [41/68] Barycentric declination (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
70- 77 F8.5 mag Tmag [5.73/15.7] TESS magnitude
79- 82 F4.2 --- cont [0/8.83]? TESS Contam. ratio
84- 94 F11.8 --- RUWE [0.81/19.4] Gaia renormalised unit weight error
96-100 F5.3 km/s voff [0/4.96]? Reprojected tangential velocities
relative to TOI-2048
102-113 F12.9 mag BP-RP [-0.04/3.16]? Gaia EDR3 BP-RP color
115-119 A5 --- TESSdet TESS detection?
121-122 A2 --- Note TESS note (1)
124-128 A5 --- ZTFdet ZTF detection?
130-134 F5.2 d Per [0.23/37] Stellar rotation Period
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Note (1): Notes as follows:
y = Period detected (120 occurrences)
m = Candidate period detected (26 occurrences)
n = No period detected (18 occurrences)
eb = Eclipsing binary (1 occurrence)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 source identifier
21- 31 F11.7 deg RA_ICRS [222/254] Barycentric right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
33- 42 F10.7 deg DE_ICRS [42/60] Barycentric declination (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
44- 48 F5.3 mag BP-RP [0.1/1.55]? Gaia EDR3 BP-RP color
50- 54 F5.3 mag B-V [0.09/1.81] Tycho B-V color
56- 61 F6.2 km/s RV-Li [-30.7/16.6] Radial velocity from Li line
63- 66 F4.2 km/s e_RV-Li [0.04/5] Uncertainty in RV-Li
68- 68 I1 --- Dis? [0/1] Discarded as suspected binary or due to
data quality
70- 70 I1 --- Det? [0/1] Li absorption detected
72- 76 F5.1 0.1pm EWLi [13.7/101]? Equivalent width, Li 6707.8Å
78- 81 F4.1 0.1pm e_EWLi [5.3/48]? Uncertainty in EWLi
83- 88 F6.1 Myr Age [157/8222]? Baffles Median Age
90- 95 F6.1 Myr b_Age [81/3881]? Lower bound for Baffles Age
97-101 I5 Myr B_Age [260/11588]? Upper bound for Baffles Age
103-103 I1 --- Ens? [0/1] In the ensemble
105-108 A4 --- SpT Spectral Type based on color
110-110 I1 --- Memb? [0/1] Likely member (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Likely member based on inclusion in Tang+, 2019, J/ApJ/877/12,
Furnkranz+, 2019, J/A+A/624/L11, or Friend with vtan<2km/s.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- Planet Planet Name
18- 34 A17 --- Cluster Cluster Name
36- 38 I3 Myr Age [9/700] Age
40- 44 F5.2 Rgeo Radius [0.99/10.3] Planet Radius
46- 51 F6.3 d Per [1.67/60] Planet orbital period
53- 71 A19 --- Ref Provenance (ADS Bibcode)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 source identifier
21- 31 F11.7 deg RA_ICRS [240/270] Barycentric right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
33- 42 F10.7 deg DE_ICRS [46/63] Barycentric declination (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
44- 49 F6.3 mag Gmag [5.8/20.8]? G-band mean magnitude
51- 56 F6.3 mag BP-RP [0.21/3.6]? Gaia EDR3 BP-RP color
58- 63 F6.3 --- RUWE [0.85/13.4] Gaia renormalised unit weight error
65- 69 F5.3 mas plx [7.51/9.84] Absolute stellar parallax
at Ep=2016.0
71- 80 I10 --- TIC TESS Input catalog identifier
82- 89 F8.5 mag Tmag [5.7/19.8] TESS magnitude
91- 95 F5.3 km/s voff [0/3.95] Projected tangential velocities
relative to TIC224606446
97-102 F6.4 deg Sep [0/8.98] Angular separation from TIC224606446
104-110 F7.4 pc D3D [0/19.9] 3D separation from source to
TIC224606446
112-116 F5.2 km/s RV-pred [-4.94/-3.93] Predicted Radial velocity
118-123 F6.2 km/s RV-obs [-52.4/10.9]? Observed Radial velocity
125-128 F4.2 km/s e_RV-obs [0.6/6]?Uncertainty in Vr-obs
130-137 A8 --- r_RV-obs Source, Vr-obs; gaia or None
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 source identifier
21- 30 I10 --- TIC TESS Input catalog identifier
32- 42 F11.7 deg RA_ICRS [247/265] Barycentric right ascension (ICRS)
at Ep=2016.0
44- 53 F10.7 deg DE_ICRS [46/61] Barycentric declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0
55- 62 F8.5 mag Tmag [5.7/16.5] TESS magnitude
64- 67 F4.2 --- cont [0/0.3]? TESS Contam. ratio
69- 74 F6.3 --- RUWE [0.9/13.4] Gaia renormalised unit weight error
76- 80 F5.3 mag BP-RP [0.21/3.15]? Gaia EDR3 BP-RP color
82- 83 A2 --- Note TESS note (1)
85- 89 F5.2 d Per [0.12/18] Stellar rotation Period
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Note (1): Note as follows:
y = Period detected (17 occurrences)
m = Candidate period detected (9 occurrences)
eb = Eclipsing binary (1 occurrence)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Newton et al. Paper I. 2019ApJ...880L..17N 2019ApJ...880L..17N
Rizzuto et al. Paper II. 2020AJ....160...33R 2020AJ....160...33R
Mann et al. Paper III. 2020AJ....160..179M 2020AJ....160..179M
Newton et al. Paper IV. 2021AJ....161...65N 2021AJ....161...65N Cat. J/AJ/161/65
Tofflemire et al. Paper V. 2021AJ....161..171T 2021AJ....161..171T Cat. J/AJ/161/171
Mann et al. Paper VI. 2022AJ....163..156M 2022AJ....163..156M Cat. J/AJ/163/156
Newton et al. Paper VII. 2022AJ....164..115N 2022AJ....164..115N This catalog
Barber et al. Paper VIII. 2022AJ....164...88B 2022AJ....164...88B Cat. J/AJ/164/88
Wood et al. Paper IX. 2023AJ....165...85W 2023AJ....165...85W Cat. J/AJ/165/85
Thao et al. Paper X. 2024AJ....168...41T 2024AJ....168...41T Cat. J/AJ/168/41
Capistrant et al. Paper XI. 2024AJ....167...54C 2024AJ....167...54C
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 18-Nov-2022