J/AJ/164/3 34 Low-mass comoving systems astrometry using NSC DR2 (Kiwy+, 2022)
Discovery of 34 Low-mass Comoving Systems Using NOIRLab Source Catalog DR2.
Kiwy F., Faherty J.K., Meisner A., Schneider A.C., Kirkpatrick J.D.,
Kuchner M.J., Burgasser A.J., Casewell S., Kiman R., Calamari E., Aganze C.,
Hsu C.-C., Sainio A., Thakur V., The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration
<Astron. J., 164, 3 (2022)>
=2022AJ....164....3K 2022AJ....164....3K
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple; Stars, dwarfs; Photometry, ugriz;
Proper motions; Parallaxes, trigonometric; Effective temperatures
Keywords: Binary stars ; Multiple stars ; Low mass stars ; Brown dwarfs
; White dwarf stars
Abstract:
We present the discovery of 34 comoving systems containing an
ultracool dwarf found by means of the NOIRLab Source Catalog (NSC)
DR2. NSC's angular resolution of ∼1" allows for the detection of small
separation binaries with significant proper motions. We used the
catalog's accurate proper motion measurements to identify the
companions by cross-matching a previously compiled list of brown dwarf
candidates with NSC DR2. The comoving pairs consist of either a very
low-mass star and an ultracool companion, or a white dwarf and an
ultracool companion. The estimated spectral types of the primaries are
in the K and M dwarf regimes, those of the secondaries in the M, L,
and T dwarf regimes. We calculated angular separations between ∼2" and
∼56", parallactic distances between ∼43 and ∼261pc, and projected
physical separations between ∼169 and ∼8487au. The lowest measured
total proper motion is 97mas/yr, with the highest 314mas/yr.
Tangential velocities range from ∼23 to ∼187km/s. We also determined
comoving probabilities, estimated mass ratios, and calculated binding
energies for each system. We found no indication of possible binarity
for any component of the 34 systems in the published literature. The
discovered systems can contribute to the further study of the
formation and evolution of low-mass systems as well as to the
characterization of cool substellar objects.
Description:
NOIRLab Source Catalog (NSC) DR2 is based on public image data from
the NOIRLab Astro Data Archive. These images come from telescopes in
both hemispheres (CTIO 4m + DECam, KPNO 4m + Mosaic3, and Bok 2.3m +
90") and cover ∼35000 square degrees of the sky. A significant part of
the images was obtained by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the DESI
Legacy Imaging Surveys. NSC DR2 includes more than 3.9 billion single
objects with over 68 billion individual source measurements. It has
depths of ∼23rd mag in most broadband filters (u, g, r, i, z, Y, and
VR), accurate proper motions, and an astrometric accuracy of ∼7mas.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 169 47 *Discovered systems
table2.dat 146 68 NSC DR2 astrometry
table4.dat 98 37 Fundamental parameters and literature references
table5.dat 59 34 Total masses, mass ratios, and binding energies
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Note on table1.dat: The parallaxes and proper motions are from Gaia
EDR3. The primary of system 8 and the secondary of system 21 have
confirmed spectral types of M0 and T3, respectively.
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See also:
B/simbad : Simbad objects catalogue (M.Wenger 2000)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
II/357 : The Dark Energy Survey (DES): Data Release 1 (Abbott+, 2018)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
II/371 : The Dark Energy Survey (DES): Data Release 2 (Abbott+, 2021)
II/365 : The CatWISE2020 catalog (updated version 28-Jan-2021) (Marocco+, 2021)
J/A+AS/115/481 : New proper-motion stars -30<Dec←5, 0<RA<9h (Wroblewski+ 1996)
J/A+A/397/575 : Liverpool-Edinburgh high proper motion survey (Pokorny+, 2003)
J/ApJ/582/1011 : Revised NLTT Catalog (Salim+, 2003)
J/AJ/127/2856 : Brown dwarfs in the 2MASS Survey (Burgasser+, 2004)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)
J/ApJ/757/141 : Companion IR detect limits young associations (Kraus+, 2012)
J/ApJ/789/102 : Properties of late M-dwarfs (Janson+, 2014)
J/ApJS/224/36 : The AllWISE motion survey (AllWISE2) (Kirkpatrick+, 2016)
J/ApJ/833/96 : Hawaii infrared plx program. II. Ultracool dwarfs (Liu+, 2016)
J/A+A/589/A49 : Photometric brown-dwarf classification (Skrzypek+, 2016)
J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitoring ultracool dwarf binaries (Dupuy+, 2017)
J/ApJS/234/1 : Catalog of M, L, & T dwarfs from PS13π Survey (Best+, 2018)
J/A+A/619/L8 : Ultra-cool dwarfs candidates in Gaia DR2 (Reyle, 2018)
J/MNRAS/489/5301 : DES Y3 substellar LT and M catalogs (Carnero Rosell+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/231 : MLSDSS-GaiaDR2 sample of M and L dwarfs (Kiman+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/485/4423 : The Gaia ultracool dwarf sample (Smart+, 2019)
J/AJ/157/216 : Stellar multiplicity rate Mdwarfs within 25pc (Winters+, 2019)
J/ApJ/901/93 : Model atmosphere analysis of hot WDs SDSS DR12 (Bedard+, 2020)
J/ApJ/889/176 : Very low-mass binaries with Gaia DR2 data (Faherty+, 2020)
J/ApJS/247/66 : SUPERWIDE; wide binaries in Gaia & SUPERBLINK (Hartman+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/42 : Volume-limited sample cool dwarfs I L0-T8 dwarfs (Best+, 2021)
J/MNRAS/508/3877 : Catalogue of white dwarfs in Gaia EDR3 (Gentile+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/189 : Gyro-kinematic ages for ∼30000 Kepler stars (Lu+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 A16 --- Disc Discovery type (newly discovered, rediscovered)
18- 19 I2 --- Num [1/34]? System number ID
21- 47 A27 --- Name System name
49- 62 A14 --- OName Short name for this work
64- 70 F7.4 mas plx [3.83/37.4] Parallaxe
72- 77 F6.4 mas e_plx [0.01/0.9] Error on plx
79- 86 F8.3 mas/yr pmRA [-141/321] Proper motion in right ascension
88- 92 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.01/2] Error in pmRA
94-101 F8.3 mas/yr pmDE [-220/157] Proper motion in declination
103-107 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.01/0.9] Error in pmDE
109-115 F7.3 pc Dist [26.7/261] Distance, derived from the Gaia EDR3
parallax of the primary
117-122 F6.3 pc e_Dist [0.02/58] Error on Dist
124-130 F7.3 km/s vtan [22.2/187] Tangential velocity, calculated using
the Gaia EDR3 astrometry of the primary
132-137 F6.3 km/s e_vtan [0.02/31] Error on vtan
139-144 F6.3 arcsec Asep [2.61/89.1] Angular separation
146-153 F8.3 AU Sep [220/8487] Projected physical separation,
calculated using the Gaia EDR3 plx of primary
155-159 F5.1 deg PA [2.7/359] Position angle (east of north) of the
secondary with respect to the primary
161-165 A5 --- SpT Spectral type of the system
167-169 A3 --- Ref References used (1)
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Hartman and Lepine, 2020, J/ApJS/247/66
2 = Smart+, 2019, J/MNRAS/485/4423
3 = Calissendorff+, 2019A+A...627A.167C 2019A+A...627A.167C
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Num [1/34] System number ID
4 A1 --- Comp System component
6- 16 F11.7 deg RAdeg [1/357] Degree of right ascension (J2000)
18- 25 F8.6 deg e_RAdeg [0.001/0.05] error in RAdeg
27- 37 F11.7 deg DEdeg [-64/5] Degree in declination (J2000)
39- 46 F8.6 deg e_DEdeg [0.001/0.05] Error in DEdeg
48- 51 I4 yr Obs.Y [2013/2017] Year of observation
53- 54 I2 "month" Obs.M Month of observation
56- 57 I2 d Obs.D Day of observation
59- 66 F8.3 mas/yr pmRA [-147/272] Proper motion in right ascension
68- 73 F6.3 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.7/28] Error in pmRA
75- 82 F8.3 mas/yr pmDE [-224/161] Proper motion in declination
84- 89 F6.3 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.8/29] Error in pmDE
91- 97 F7.3 mas/yr pmtot [94/310] Total proper motion
99-104 F6.3 mas/yr e_pmtot [0.8/29] Error on pmtot
106-111 F6.3 mas/yr DpmRA [0.09/24]? Proper motion difference in RA
113-118 F6.3 mas/yr e_DpmRA [1/29]? Error on DpmRA
120-125 F6.3 mas/yr DpmDE [0.006/23]? Proper motion difference in DE
127-132 F6.3 mas/yr e_DpmDE [1/29]? Error on DpmDE
134-139 F6.3 mas/yr Dpmtot [0.4/32]? Proper motion total difference
141-146 F6.3 mas/yr e_Dpmtot [1/29]? Error on Dpmtot
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Num [1/34] System number ID
4- 19 A16 --- Name Object identifier
21- 24 I4 K Teff [2823/5373]? Effective temperature
26- 28 I3 K e_Teff [122/786]? Error on Teff
30 A1 --- f_Teff [ab] Flag on Teff (1)
32- 37 F6.4 --- logg [4.67/8.08]? Surface gravity
39- 44 F6.4 --- e_logg [0.001/0.7]? Error on logg
46 A1 --- f_logg [ab] Flag on logg (1)
48- 52 F5.3 Msun Mass [0.09/0.63]? Solar mass
54- 58 F5.3 Msun e_Mass [0.02/0.66]? Error on Mass
60 A1 --- f_Mass [ab] Flag on Mass
62- 66 F5.3 Rsun Rad [0.12/0.58]? Stellar radius
68- 72 F5.3 Rsun e_Rad [0.004/0.02]? Error on Rad
74- 80 F7.5 Lsun Lum [0.0008/0.62]? Stellar luminosity
82- 88 F7.5 Lsun e_Lum [0.0002/0.2]? Error on Lum
90 I1 --- Ref [1/3]? Parameters references (2)
92- 98 A7 --- ORef Other literature references (2)
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Note (1): Flags as follows:
a = Teff, logg and Mass for DA white dwarfs
b = Teff, logg and Mass for DB white dwarfs
Note (2): References as follows:
1 = Stassun+, 2019AJ....158..138S 2019AJ....158..138S
2 = Gentile Fusillo+, 2021, J/MNRAS/508/3877
3 = Skrzypek+, 2016, J/A+A/589/A49
4 = Reyle+, 2018, J/A+A/619/L8
5 = Pokorny+, 2003, J/A+A/397/575
6 = Luyten+, 1955, I/54
7 = Eggen+, 1976ApJS...30..351E 1976ApJS...30..351E
8 = Eggen+, 1976ApJ...204..101E 1976ApJ...204..101E
9 = Salim & Gould, 2003, J/ApJ/582/1011
10 = Wroblewski & Torres, 1996, J/A+AS/115/481
11 = Kirkpatrick+, 2016, J/ApJS/224/36
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Num [1/34] System number ID
4- 17 A14 --- Name System identifier
19- 26 F8.3 AU Sep [322/8487] Projected physical separation
28- 32 F5.3 Msun Mass1 [0.08/0.7] Primary mass (1)
34- 38 F5.3 Msun Mass2 [0.03/0.12] Secondary mass estimate (1)
40- 44 F5.3 Msun Mass [0.13/0.71] Total mass
46- 50 F5.3 --- M2/M1 [0.06/0.91] Mass2/Mass1 ratio
52- 56 F5.2 --- Ebin [0.23/19.6] Binding energy, 1041erg (2)
58- 59 A2 --- SpT Spectral type used to derive the secondary mass
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Note (1): Primary mass estimated from either Stassun+, 2019AJ....158..138S 2019AJ....158..138S
or Gentile Fusillo+, 2021, J/MNRAS/508/3877.
Secondary mass estimated from either Mamajek, A Modern Mean Dwarf
Stellar Color and Effective Temperature Sequence, 2021.03.02 for
sources with MG<17 mag, or from the SpT to dynamical mass values
computed in Dupuy & Liu, 2017, J/ApJS/231/15.
Note (2): Calculated by multiplying the physical separation by 1.26 to
account for the inclination angle and eccentricity of the binary
orbits (Fischer & Marcy, 1992ApJ...396..178F 1992ApJ...396..178F).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 09-Dec-2022