J/AJ/164/81 Radial velocity and photometric flux of TOI-3757 (Kanodia+, 2022)
TOI-3757 b; A Low-density Gas Giant Orbiting a Solar-metallicity M Dwarf.
Kanodia S., Libby-Roberts J., Canas C.I., Ninan J.P., Mahadevan S.,
Stefansson G., Lin A.S.J., Jones S., Monson A., Parker B.A.,
Kobulnicky H.A., Swaby T.N., Powers L., Beard C., Bender C.F., Blake C.H.,
Cochran W.D., Dong J., Diddams S.A., Fredrick C., Gupta A.F., Halverson S.,
Hearty F., Logsdon S.E., Metcalf A.J., McElwain M.W., Morley C.,
Rajagopal J., Ramsey L.W., Robertson P., Roy A., Schwab C., Terrien R.C.,
Wisniewski J., Wright J.T.
<Astron. J., 164, 81 (2022)>
=2022AJ....164...81K 2022AJ....164...81K
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Stars, M-type; Spectra, infrared; Photometry;
Radial velocities
Keywords: Exoplanet astronomy ; Hot Jupiters ; Exoplanets ; Radial
velocity ; Exoplanet detection methods ; Transits
Abstract:
We present the discovery of a new Jovian-sized planet, TOI-3757b, the
lowest-density transiting planet known to orbit an M dwarf (M0V). This
planet was discovered around a solar-metallicity M dwarf, using
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry and confirmed with
precise radial velocities from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF)
and NEID. With a planetary radius of 12.0-0.5+0.4R⊕ and mass
of 85.3-8.7+8.8M⊕, not only does this object add to the
small sample of gas giants (∼10) around M dwarfs, but also its low
density (ρ=0.27-0.04+0.05g/cm3) provides an opportunity to
test theories of planet formation. We present two hypotheses to
explain its low density; first, we posit that the low metallicity of
its stellar host (∼0.3dex lower than the median metallicity of M
dwarfs hosting gas giants) could have played a role in the delayed
formation of a solid core massive enough to initiate runaway
accretion. Second, using the eccentricity estimate of 0.14±0.06,
we determine it is also plausible for tidal heating to at least
partially be responsible for inflating the radius of TOI-3757b. The
low density and large scale height of TOI-3757b makes it an excellent
target for transmission spectroscopy studies of atmospheric escape and
composition (transmission spectroscopy measurement of ∼190). We use
HPF to perform transmission spectroscopy of TOI-3757b using the helium
10830Å line. Doing this, we place an upper limit of 6.9% (with 90%
confidence) on the maximum depth of the absorption from the metastable
transition of He at ∼10830Å, which can help constraint the
atmospheric mass-loss rate in this energy-limited regime.
Description:
TOI-3757 was observed using Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF)
starting 2021 September 1. HPF is a near-infrared (8080-12780Å),
high-resolution fiber-fed precision radial velocity (RV) spectrograph
with exceptional environmental stability located at the 10m
Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory, Texas.
We also observed TOI-3757 using NEID, a new ultra-precise,
environmentally stabilized spectrograph at the
Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOIRLab (WIYN) 3.5m telescope at Kitt Peak
National Observatory. NEID is a high-resolution spectrograph
(R∼110000) with an extended red wavelength coverage.
We observed a transit of TOI-3757b on the night of 2021 November 17
using the 0.6m telescope at the Red Buttes Observatory (RBO) in
Wyoming. The telescope is a f/8.43 Ritchey-Chretien Cassegrain
constructed by DFM Engineering, Inc, and it is currently equipped with
an Apogee Alta F16 camera.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s) (Period)
---------------------------------------------------------------
06 04 00.89 +55 01 12.6 TOI-3757 = UCAC4 726-038940 (P=3.43d)
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 32 27 Radial velocities (binned in ∼30minute exposures)
of TOI-3757
fig6.dat 31 52 Ground based observations for TOI-3757b from RBO
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See also:
I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)
I/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3 (Bailer-Jones+, 2021)
J/ApJ/622/1102 : The planet-metallicity correlation. (Fischer+, 2005)
J/ApJ/720/1290 : Abundances of stars hosting planets (Ghezzi+, 2010)
J/ApJ/726/52 : HAT-P-18 and HAT-P-19 follow-up (Hartman+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/19 : Speckle observations of KOI (Howell+, 2011)
J/A+A/533/A141 : Stellar parameters for 582 HARPS FGK stars (Sousa+, 2011)
J/ApJS/200/15 : HARPS-TERRA project. I. (Anglada-Escude+, 2012)
J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)
J/A+A/562/A71 : Chemical abundances solar neighbourhood dwarfs (Bensby+, 2014)
J/ApJ/791/10 : Rad distribution of planets around cool stars (Morton+, 2014)
J/AJ/149/166 : Photometry and spectroscopy of HATS-6 (Hartman+, 2015)
J/ApJ/831/64 : Mass-metallicity relation for giant planets (Thorngren+, 2016)
J/ApJ/825/19 : Mass-radius relationship planets with Rp<4 (Wolfgang+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/17 : Mass & radius of planets, moons, low mass stars (Chen+, 2017)
J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)
J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)
J/A+A/623/A72 : Binarity of Hipparcos stars, Gaia pm anomaly (Kervella+, 2019)
J/A+A/624/A94 : The role of the host star's metallicity (Maldonado+, 2019)
J/AJ/160/201 : Infrared transmission spectrum for Kepler-79d (Chachan+, 2020)
J/A+A/644/A127 : LP714-47 (TOI 442) radial velocity curve (Dreizler+, 2020)
J/ApJ/899/29 : Radial velocities of TOI-1728 with HPF (Kanodia+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/100 : Flux & RVs of dwarf G9-40 with K2 & HPF (Stefansson+, 2020)
J/AJ/163/125 : Light curve & radial velocity 4 giants planets (Jordan+, 2022)
J/ApJS/259/33 : Faint-star TOIs from TESS Primary Mission (Kunimoto+, 2022)
J/A+A/658/A194 : Stellar parameters of 18 M dwarfs (Passegger+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 F13.5 d BJD [2459458/2459590] Barycentric Julian Date; TDB
15- 21 F7.2 m/s RVel [-140/67] Radial velocity
23- 27 F5.2 m/s e_RVel [6/29] Uncertainty in RVel
29- 32 A4 --- Inst Instrument; HPF or NEID
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 F14.6 d BJD [2459536/2459537] Barycentric Julian Date; TDB
16- 23 F8.6 --- Flux [0.01/0.03] Relative flux
25- 31 E7.1 --- e_Flux [5e-5/6e-5] Uncertainty in Flux
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 07-Nov-2022