J/AJ/164/88 THYME. VIII. MELANGE-3 candidate members (Barber+, 2022)
Transit Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME).
VIII. A Pleiades-age Association Harboring Two Transiting Planetary Systems from
Kepler.
Barber M.G., Mann A.W., Bush J.L., Tofflemire B.M., Kraus A.L.,
Krolikowski D.M., Vanderburg A., Fields M.J., Newton E.R., Owens D.A.,
Thao Pa C.
<Astron. J., 164, 88 (2022)>
=2022AJ....164...88B 2022AJ....164...88B
ADC_Keywords: Associations, stellar; Spectral types; Parallaxes, trigonometric;
Proper motions; Radial velocities; Spectra, optical; Infrared
Keywords: Transits ; Stellar associations ; Early stellar evolution ;
Stellar evolution ; Exoplanet evolution ; Stellar dynamics
Abstract:
Young planets provide a window into the early stages and evolution of
planetary systems. Ideal planets for such research are in coeval
associations, where the parent population can precisely determine
their ages. We describe a young association (MELANGE-3) in the Kepler
field, which harbors two transiting planetary systems (KOI-3876 and
Kepler-970). We identify MELANGE-3 by searching for kinematic and
spatial overdensities around Kepler planet hosts with high levels of
lithium. To determine the age and membership of MELANGE-3, we combine
new high-resolution spectra with archival light curves, velocities,
and astrometry of stars near KOI-3876 spatially and kinematically. We
use the resulting rotation sequence, lithium levels, and
color-magnitude diagram of candidate members to confirm the presence
of a coeval 105±10Myr population. MELANGE-3 may be part of the
recently identified Theia 316 stream. For the two exoplanet systems,
we revise the stellar and planetary parameters, taking into account
the newly determined age. Fitting the 4.5yr Kepler light curves, we
find that KOI-3876b is a 2.0±0.1 R⊕ planet on a 19.58day
orbit, while Kepler-970b is a 2.8±0.2R⊕ planet on a 16.73day
orbit. KOI-3876 was previously flagged as an eclipsing binary, which
we rule out using radial velocities from APOGEE and statistically
validate the signal as planetary in origin. Given its overlap with the
Kepler field, MELANGE-3 is valuable for studies of spot evolution on
year timescales, and both planets contribute to the growing work on
transiting planets in young stellar associations.
Description:
We observed KOI-3876 and 22 association candidates with the Coude
spectrograph on the Harlan J.Smith 2.7m telescope at the McDonald
Observatory. The Robert G.Tull Coude is a cross-dispersed echelle
spectrograph, delivering an R∼60000 spectral resolution from
3400-10000Å using the 1.2" slit. Observations were taken over three
nights from two observing runs, on 2021 July 9 and 2021 August 26 and
27.
Objects:
-----------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
-----------------------------------------------------
19 18 30.0 +40 42 31 MELANGE-3 = NAME MELANGE-3
-----------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table5.dat 120 1006 Candidate members of MELANGE-3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
V/146 : LAMOST DR1 catalogs (Luo+, 2015)
V/164 : LAMOST DR5 catalogs (Luo+, 2019)
J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)
J/ApJ/733/L9 : Stellar rotation for 71 NGC 6811 members (Meibom+, 2011)
J/ApJ/756/185 : Kepler TTVs. V. Metrics catalog (Ford+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/432/1203 : Rotation periods of M-dwarf stars (McQuillan+, 2013)
J/A+A/557/L10 : Rotation periods of 12000 Kepler stars (Nielsen+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/436/1883 : Properties of KOI host stars (Walkowicz+, 2013)
J/AJ/147/119 : Catalog of sources in Kepler field of view (Coughlin+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/24 : Rotation periods of Kepler MS stars (McQuillan+, 2014)
J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)
J/ApJ/822/81 : PTF stellar rotation periods Pleiades members (Covey+, 2016)
J/ApJS/225/9 : Kepler TTVs IX. The full long-cadence data set (Holczer+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/8 : Impact of stellar mult. on planetary systems I. (Kraus+, 2016)
J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive probabilities Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs (Morton+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/114 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. II. (Rebull+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 light curves. I. Per (Rebull+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search (DR25) (Twicken+, 2016)
J/AJ/153/128 : WOCS. LXXV. Hyades&Praesepe stellar Li data (Cummings+, 2017)
J/MNRAS/472/1618 : Kepler study of starspot lifetimes (Giles+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/108 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). II. Properties (Johnson+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey (CKS). I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)
J/ApJ/839/92 : Praesepe members with K2 light curve data (Rebull+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/224 : Transiting planets in young clusters from K2 (Rizzuto+, 2017)
J/ApJ/836/77 : Library of high-S/N optical spectra of FGKM stars (Yee+, 2017)
J/ApJ/855/115 : Lithium abundances of KOIs from CKS spectra (Berger+, 2018)
J/A+A/613/A63 : Lithium content for 148 Pleiades stars (Bouvier+, 2018)
J/ApJS/237/38 : Extended abundance analysis of KOIs (Brewer+, 2018)
J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/102 : TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List (Stassun+, 2018)
J/ApJS/245/13 : CDIPS. I. LCs from TESS sectors 6 and 7 (Bouma+, 2019)
J/A+A/632/A37 : Well sampled stars FEROS+HARPS radial velocities (Brems+, 2019)
J/ApJ/879/49 : Rotation periods for 171 Gaia members NGC6811 (Curtis+, 2019)
J/ApJ/879/100 : K2 rotation periods Hyades & Praesepe members (Douglas+, 2019)
J/AJ/158/122 : Local structure & star formation history of MW (Kounkel+, 2019)
J/A+A/628/A66 : alpha Persei, Pleiades and Praesepe clusters (Lodieu+, 2019)
J/ApJ/871/63 : How to constrain your M dwarf II. Nearby binaries (Mann+, 2019)
J/A+A/622/L13 : Stellar stream in Gaia DR2 discovery (Meingast+, 2019)
J/ApJS/244/21 : Surface rotation & activity of Kepler stars. I. (Santos+, 2019)
J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler stellar properties catalog.I. KIC (Berger+, 2020)
J/AJ/160/279 : Untangling the Galaxy II Structure within 3kpc (Kounkel+, 2020)
J/ApJ/898/27 : Bayesian Ages Field LowEr-mass Stars (Stanford-Moore+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/19 : SOAR TESS survey. I. (Ziegler+, 2020)
J/AJ/161/265 : Compared rotation periods 1189 CKS host stars (David+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/277 : Sample of 45 HαEW outliers (Kiman+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/65 : THYME. IV. 3 Exoplanets around TOI-451 B (Newton+, 2021)
J/A+A/649/A3 : Gaia Early Data Release 3 photometric passbands (Riello+, 2021)
J/ApJS/255/17 : Surface rotation & activity Kepler stars. II. (Santos+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/171 : THYME. V. Discovering a stellar association (Tofflemire+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/121 : Radial velocity and light curve of Kepler 1627A (Bouma+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/156 : THYME. VI. TOI-1227 radial velocity (Mann+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/179 : The California-Kepler Survey. X. (Petigura+, 2022)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 I19 --- Gaia Gaia EDR3 identifier
21- 29 F9.5 deg RAdeg [279/302] Right Ascension (J2016)
31- 38 F8.5 deg DEdeg [30/47] Declination (J2016)
40- 45 F6.3 mag Gmag [7.67/20.4] Gaia EDR3 G band magnitude
47- 51 F5.3 km/s Voff [0/5] Tangential velocity offset
53- 56 A4 --- SpType Spectral type (1)
58 A1 --- TESS? Has TESS light curve? (2)
60 A1 --- Kepler? Has Kepler light curve? (2)
62- 66 F5.3 mas plx [2.66/3.61] Parallax
68- 72 F5.3 mas e_plx [0.009/0.5] Uncertainty in plx
74- 79 F6.3 d Prot [0.16/44.5]? Rotational period
81- 85 F5.3 d e_Prot [0.003/6]? Uncertainty in Prot
87- 93 A7 --- r_Prot Reference flag on Prot (3)
95 A1 --- l_Li [<] Limit flag on Li
96-100 F5.1 10-13m Li [20/206]? LiI 6708Å equivalent width (mA)
102-105 F4.1 10-13m e_Li [9/21]? Uncertainty in mA
107-112 F6.2 km/s RVel [-71.7/18.4]? Radial velocity
114-118 F5.2 km/s e_RVel [0.02/18]? Uncertainty in RVel
120 I1 --- r_RVel [5/9]? Reference flag on RVel (4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Assigned based on the star's BP-RP color and the table from
Pecaut & Mamajek, 2013, J/ApJS/208/9.
Note (2): Of sufficient quality for running the Notch transit-search pipeline.
Note (3): References as follows:
1 = McQuillan+, 2013, J/MNRAS/432/1203 and 2014, J/ApJS/211/24M
2 = Nielsen+, 2013, J/A+A/557/L10
3 = Santos+, 2021, J/ApJS/255/17 and 2019, J/ApJS/244/21
4 = This work.
Note (4): References as follows:
5 = Coude
6 = LAMOSTDR5
7 = Gaia DR2
8 = APOGEE DR16
9 = CKS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Newton et al. Paper I. 2019ApJ...880L..17N 2019ApJ...880L..17N
Rizzuto et al. Paper II. 2020AJ....160...33R 2020AJ....160...33R
Mann et al. Paper III. 2020AJ....160..179M 2020AJ....160..179M
Newton et al. Paper IV. 2021AJ....161...65N 2021AJ....161...65N Cat. J/AJ/161/65
Tofflemire et al. Paper V. 2021AJ....161..171T 2021AJ....161..171T Cat. J/AJ/161/171
Mann et al. Paper VI. 2022AJ....163..156M 2022AJ....163..156M Cat. J/AJ/163/156
Newton et al. Paper VII. 2022AJ....164..115N 2022AJ....164..115N Cat. J/AJ/164/115
Barber et al. Paper VIII. 2022AJ....164...88B 2022AJ....164...88B This catalog
Wood et al. Paper IX. 2023AJ....165...85W 2023AJ....165...85W Cat. J/AJ/165/85
Thao et al. Paper X. 2024AJ....168...41T 2024AJ....168...41T Cat. J/AJ/168/41
Capistrant et al. Paper XI. 2024AJ....167...54C 2024AJ....167...54C
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 08-Nov-2022