J/AJ/166/16 Radial velocities of 123 active stars (Pass+, 2023)
Active stars in the spectroscopic survey of mid-to-late M-dwarfs within 15pc.
Pass E.K., Winters J.G., Charbonneau D., Irwin J.M., Medina A.A.
<Astron. J., 166, 16 (2023)>
=2023AJ....166...16P 2023AJ....166...16P
ADC_Keywords: Stars, M-type; Spectra, optical; Stars, masses; Radial velocities
Keywords: M dwarf stars ; Stellar activity ; Stellar rotation ;
Inclination ; Radial velocity ; Variable stars
Abstract:
We present results from the volume-complete spectroscopic survey of
0.1-0.3M☉ M-dwarfs within 15pc. This work discusses the active
sample without close binary companions, providing a comprehensive
picture of these 123 stars with Hα emission stronger than
-1Å. Our analysis includes rotation periods (including 31 new
measurements), Hα equivalent widths, rotational broadening,
inclinations, and radial velocities, determined using high-resolution,
multiepoch spectroscopic data from the TRES and CHIRON spectrographs
supplemented by photometry from TESS and MEarth. Using this
volume-complete sample, we establish that the majority of active,
low-mass M-dwarfs are very rapid rotators: specifically, 74%±4%
have rotation periods shorter than 2 days, while 19%±4% have
intermediate rotation periods of 2-20 days, and the remaining
8%±3% have periods longer than 20 days. Among the latter group, we
identify a population of stars with very high Hα emission, which
we suggest is indicative of dramatic spindown as these stars
transition from the rapidly rotating mode to the slowly rotating one.
We are unable to determine rotation periods for six stars and suggest
that some of the stars without measured rotation periods may be viewed
pole- on, as such stars are absent from the distribution of
inclinations we measure; this lack notwithstanding, we recover the
expected isotropic distribution of spin axes. Our spectroscopic and
photometric data sets also allow us to investigate activity-induced
radial-velocity variability, which we show can be estimated as the
product of rotational broadening and the photometric amplitude of spot
modulation.
Description:
Between 2016 and 2022, we collected multiepoch, high-resolution
observations of each star in the sample using the Tillinghast
Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES; R=44000) on the 1.5m telescope
at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) for sources with
δ>-15deg and the CTIO High Resolution (CHIRON; R=80000)
spectrograph on the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO)
1.5m telescope for sources with δ←15deg.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 105 123 Summary of our 123 active stars
table2.dat 44 671 Epoch observations of radial velocity and Hα
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
J/MNRAS/390/567 : Magnetic field and velocity of mid M dwarfs (Morin+, 2008)
J/ApJ/720/1118 : i-band photometry of HAT-P-16 (Buchhave+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/407/2269 : Polarisation of a sample of late M dwarfs (Morin+, 2010)
J/AJ/141/166 : HATNet variability survey of K and M dwarfs (Hartman+, 2011)
J/ApJ/728/48 : Multicolor eclipse data for 6 new binaries (Kraus+, 2011)
J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars rotation periods & Xray luminosities (Wright+, 2011)
J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)
J/AcA/62/67 : ASAS photometry of ROSAT sources (Kiraga, 2012)
J/AJ/148/30 : BVI photometry of 350 Pleiades stars (Kamai+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs Mdwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)
J/ApJ/822/81 : PTF stellar rotation periods Pleiades members (Covey+, 2016)
J/ApJ/821/93 : Rotation & Galactic kinematics mid M dwarfs (Newton+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/85 : Hα emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)
J/A+A/606/A107 : K2/HARPS measurements for 8 stars (Oshagh+, 2017)
J/ApJ/862/138 : BANYAN XIII. Nearby young assoc with Gaia DR2 (Gagne+, 2018)
J/ApJ/856/23 : BANYAN. XI. The BANYAN Σ algorithm (Gagne+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/225 : M dwarf stars rotational broadening measurs (Kesseli+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/217 : Stellar properties M dwarfs in MEarth-South (Newton+, 2018)
J/A+A/614/A122 : Radial-velocity of CARMENES M dwarfs (Tal-Or+, 2018)
J/A+A/621/A126 : CARMENES input cat. of M dwarfs. IV. (Diez Alonso+ 2019)
J/other/Sci/365.1441 : GJ3512 radial velocity and light curves (Morales+, 2019)
J/A+A/639/A35 : RV jitter & photometric var correlation (Hojjatpanah+, 2020)
J/ApJ/905/107 : Spectroscopic activity indicators TIC stars (Medina+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/290 : RVs of 12 spectroscopic binaries M-dwarfs (Winters+, 2020)
J/A+A/652/A28 : Activity indicators across M dwarf domain (Lafarga+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/189 : Gyro-kinematic ages for ∼30000 Kepler stars (Lu+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/61 : Radial velocity follow up Barnards star HPF (Lubin+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/63 : Mdwarfs masses 0.1<M☉<0.3 within 15pc (Winters+, 2021)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Star name
15- 37 A23 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier
39- 39 A1 --- Inst Instrument, T:TRES; C:CHIRON
41- 42 I2 --- Nobs [2/21] Number of spectroscopic observations
44- 48 F5.3 Msun Mass [0.1/0.29] Stellar mass, solar units
50- 54 F5.3 Rsun Rad [0.15/0.3] Stellar radius, solar units
56- 61 F6.2 0.1nm EWHa [-17.2/-1.02] Median equivalent width of
Hα, in Angstroms
63- 66 F4.1 km/s vsini [0/56.3] Median vsini, projected rotational
velocity (1)
68- 71 F4.1 km/s e_vsini [0/11] vsini standard deviation
73- 76 F4.2 --- sini [0.29/1.0]? sin(inclination)
78- 82 F5.3 km/s MedeRVel [0.02/2.14] Median epoch RV uncertainty
84- 89 F6.2 --- logPChi2 [-27.2/-0.01] log(P(χ2)) of a constant
model
91- 96 F6.3 d Per [0.11/93.8]? Rotation period
98-102 F5.3 mag Amp [0.002/0.05]? Amplitude (peak-to-peak) of
photometric variation (2)
104-105 I2 --- Ref [1/10]? Rotation reference (3)
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Note (1): Detections of rotational broadening less than 3.4km/s are
consistent with zero given our spectrograph resolution.
Note (2): In contrast to some other works, this table reports the
peak-to-peak amplitude, not semi-amplitude. For stars for which we
measure rotation periods from TESS but the TESS contamination ratio is
greater than 1, we do not list an amplitude; while the PDCSAP light
curves attempt to correct for contamination from nearby stars
(Jenkins+, 2016SPIE.9913E..3EJ, this process is imperfect and we do
not consider the amplitudes we measure to be sufficiently reliable
when contamination dominates the light curve.
Note (3): References as follows:
1 = Newton+, 2016, J/ApJ/821/93
2 = Newton+, 2018, J/AJ/156/217
3 = Medina+,2020, J/ApJ/905/107
4 = Medina+, 2022ApJ...935..104M 2022ApJ...935..104M
5 = Pass+, 2022ApJ...936..109P 2022ApJ...936..109P
6 = Kiraga+, 2012, J/AcA/62/67
7 = Diez Alonso+, 2019, J/A+A/621/A126
8 = This work, TESS;
9 = This work, MEarth;
10 = This work, TESS+MEarth.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Star name
15- 24 F10.4 d BJD [-1326/2065] Barycentric Julian Date of
Observation, BJD-2457640
26- 32 F7.3 km/s RVel [-54/87] Radial Velocity
34- 38 F5.3 km/s e_RVel [0.02/4] Uncertainty in RVel (1)
40- 44 F5.1 0.1nm EWHa [-23.3/-0.1] Equivalent Width, Hα
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Note (1): Uncertainties are internal errors that are appropriate when
considering relative radial velocities. If using these data as
absolute radial velocities, add an additional 0.5km/s error in
quadrature to account for the uncertainty in the absolute radial
velocity of the template.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 02-Feb-2024