J/AJ/167/70 TESS-Keck Survey. XVII. TOI-1136 radial velocities (Beard+, 2024)
The TESS-Keck Survey.
XVII. Precise Mass Measurements in a Young, High-multiplicity Transiting Planet
System Using Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations.
Beard C., Robertson P., Dai F., Holcomb R., Lubin J., Akana Murphy J.M.,
Batalha N.M., Blunt S., Crossfield I., Dressing C., Fulton B.,
Howard A.W., Huber D., Isaacson H., Kane S.R., Nowak G., Petigura E.A.,
Roy A., Rubenzahl R.A., Weiss L.M., Barrena R., Behmard A., Brinkman C.L.,
Carleo I., Chontos A., Dalba P.A., Fetherolf T., Giacalone S., Hill M.L.,
Kawauchi K., Korth J., Luque R., MacDougall M.G., Mayo A.W., Mocnik T.,
Morello G., Murgas F., Orell-Miquel J., Palle E., Polanski A.S., Rice M.,
Scarsdale N., Tyler D., Van Zandt J.
<Astron. J., 167, 70 (2024)>
=2024AJ....167...70B 2024AJ....167...70B
ADC_Keywords: Exoplanets; Spectra, optical; Radial velocities
Keywords: Radial velocity ; Transit timing variation method ; Exoplanet
atmospheres ; Exoplanets ; Bayesian statistics ; Transits ;
Markov chain Monte Carlo ; Gaussian Processes regression
Abstract:
We present a radial velocity (RV) analysis of TOI-1136, a bright
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with six confirmed
transiting planets, and a seventh single-transiting planet candidate.
All planets in the system are amenable to transmission spectroscopy,
making TOI-1136 one of the best targets for intra-system comparison of
exoplanet atmospheres. TOI-1136 is young (∼700Myr), and the system
exhibits transit timing variations (TTVs). The youth of the system
contributes to high stellar variability on the order of 50m/s, much
larger than the likely RV amplitude of any of the transiting
exoplanets. Utilizing 359 High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and
Automated Planet Finder RVs collected as part of the TESS-Keck Survey,
and 51 High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher North RVs, we
experiment with a joint TTV-RV fit. With seven possible transiting
planets, TTVs, more than 400 RVs, and a stellar activity model, we
posit that we may be presenting the most complex mass recovery of an
exoplanet system in the literature to date. By combining TTVs and RVs,
we minimized Gaussian process overfitting and retrieved new masses for
this system: (mb-g=3.50-0.7+0.8, 6.32-1.3+1.1,
8.35-1.6+1.8, 6.07-1.01+1.09, 9.7-3.7+3.9,
5.6-3.2+4.1M⊕). We are unable to significantly detect the
mass of the seventh planet candidate in the RVs, but we are able to
loosely constrain a possible orbital period near 80days. Future TESS
observations might confirm the existence of a seventh planet in the
system, better constrain the masses and orbital properties of the
known exoplanets, and generally shine light on this scientifically
interesting system.
Description:
Between 2019 November 1 and 2022 July 16, we obtained 155
high-resolution spectra of TOI-1136, resulting in 103 nightly binned
RV observations, using HIRES, located at Keck Observatory.We typically
achieved a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of ∼200 at visible wavlengths
for each spectrum by capping the HIRES built-in exposure meter at
250000 counts, resulting in a median nightly binned RV uncertainty of
1.75m/s and a median S/N of 214 for the wavelength order centered at
540nm.
We also utilized 51 RV observations of TOI-1136 obtained using the
HARPS-N spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, a 3.6m
telescope located in the Canary Islands, Spain under the observing
programs CAT19A_162, ITP19_1, and CAT21A_119. Observations had a
median exposure time of 1000 s and a median S/N of 74.6 at 550nm.
Essential to characterizing the stellar activity were additional
radial velocity observations taken using the APF Telescope, located at
Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton, CA. A preliminary analysis of APF
spectra motivated our choice of a minimum S/N threshold of 55, as
spectra with lower S/N were subject to very large uncertainties. Our
final collection of APF observations have a mean binned RV uncertainty
of 4.92m/s and a mean S/N of 94.1 estimated across its full wavelength
coverage, centered at 596nm.
Objects:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s) (Period)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 48 44.37 +64 51 19.1 TOI-1136 = 2MASS J12484436+6451191 (P=80d)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
fig5.dat 84 526 Radial velocity data used in the Total RVel model
to TOI-1136
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See also:
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler candidate multiple transit planets (Lissauer+, 2011)
J/ApJ/805/175 : Keck and APF radial velocities of HD7924 (Fulton+, 2015)
J/A+A/584/A72 : Transiting rocky planet at 6.5pc from Sun (Motalebi+ 2015)
J/ApJ/809/77 : Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (Sullivan+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/204 : HARPS-N radial velocities of HD179070 (Lopez-Morales+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/158 : Final Kepler transiting planet search DR25 (Twicken+, 2016)
J/ApJ/834/17 : Mass & radius planets, moons, low mass stars (Chen+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/226 : Photometry and radial velocities of K2-131 (Dai+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)
J/ApJ/844/102 : KIC star parallaxes asteroseismology vs Gaia (Huber+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/107 : California-Kepler Survey. I. 1305 stars (Petigura+, 2017)
J/AJ/160/108 : Gaia-Kepler star properties cat. II. Planets (Berger+, 2020)
J/AJ/159/280 : Gaia-Kepler star properties cat.I. KIC stars (Berger+, 2020)
J/A+A/636/L6 : HD 158259 SOPHIE radial velocities (Hara+, 2020)
J/MNRAS/491/5287 : Exoplanet evaporation in multitransi systems (Owen+, 2020)
J/ApJS/254/39 : Exoplanet candidates from TESS 1st 2yr obs (Guerrero+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/61 : Radial velocity follow up of Barnards starHPF (Lubin+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/265 : TESS-Keck survey. VI. HIP-97166 RVel (Macdougall+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/119 : TESS-Keck survey. IV. Rvel for WASP-107 (Rubenzahl+, 2021)
J/AJ/162/215 : TESS-Keck survey.V. Rvel of HD63935 (Scarsdale+, 2021)
J/AJ/161/56 : The TESS-Keck Survey. II. RVs of TOI-561 (Weiss+, 2021)
J/AJ/163/101 : TESS-Keck survey. IX. Rvel of HD1919139 (Lubin+, 2022)
J/AJ/163/293 : The TESS-Keck Survey. XI. TOI-1246 RVel (Turtelboom+, 2022)
J/AJ/166/62 : New HIRES radial velocity data for V1298 Tau (Blunt+, 2023)
J/AJ/165/88 : Radial velocity follow up of TOI-561 b (Brinkman+, 2023)
J/AJ/165/33 : HIRES TOI-1136s planets & planet b rvel (Dai+, 2023)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 16 F16.8 d BJD [2458788/2459787] Barycentric Julian Date,
mid-observation at TDB
18- 37 F20.15 m.s-1 RVel [-117/140] Median Radial Velocity
39- 55 F17.14 m.s-1 e_RVel [1/13] Uncertainty in RVel
57- 63 A7 --- Tel Telescope/Instrument used (1)
65- 78 F14.12 --- SHK [0/048]? Calcium II H&K activity indicator
80- 84 F5.3 --- e_SHK [0.001/0.002]? Uncertainty in SHK
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Note (1): Telescopes/Instruments used as follows:
apf = Levy Spectrometer on the Automated Planet Finder;
harpsn = High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher North on NTT;
hires_j = Post upgrade High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on Keck 1.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
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(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 29-Apr-2024