J/ApJ/649/759 Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)
The bubbling galactic disk.
Churchwell E., Povich M.S., Allen D., Taylor M.G., Meade M.R., Babler B.L.,
Indebetouw R., Watson C., Whitney B.A., Wolfire M.G., Bania T.M.,
Benjamin R.A., Clemens D.P., Cohen M., Cyganowski C.J., Jackson J.M.,
Kobulnicky H.A., Mathis J.S., Mercer E.P., Stolovy S.R., Uzpen B.,
Watson D.F., Wolff M.J.
<Astrophys. J., 649, 759-778 (2006)>
=2006ApJ...649..759C 2006ApJ...649..759C
ADC_Keywords: Galactic plane ; H II regions ; Morphology
Keywords: H II regions - ISM: bubbles
Abstract:
A visual examination of the images from the Galactic Legacy Infrared
Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) has revealed 322 partial and
closed rings that we propose represent partially or fully enclosed
three-dimensional bubbles. We argue that the bubbles are primarily
formed by hot young stars in massive star formation regions. We have
found an average of about 1.5 bubbles per square degree. About 25% of
the bubbles coincide with known radio HII regions, and about 13%
enclose known star clusters. It appears that B4B9 stars (too cool to
produce detectable radio HII regions) probably produce about
three-quarters of the bubbles in our sample, and the remainder are
produced by young OB3 stars that produce detectable radio HII
regions.
Description:
High-resolution (1.2"/pixels) image mosaics (l*b=3°*2°) were
used to search for bubbles over the entire GLIMPSE survey area.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 72 134 Northern Bubble Parameters
table3.dat 72 188 Southern Bubble Parameters
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- [CPA2006] Catalog number (Nnnn or Snnn)
6- 12 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude of bubble center
14- 19 F6.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude of bubble center
21- 25 F5.2 arcmin Rin Semimajor axis of inner ellipse
27- 31 F5.2 arcmin rin Semiminor axis of inner ellipse
33- 37 F5.2 arcmin Rout Semimajor axis of outer ellipse
39- 43 F5.2 arcmin rout Semiminor axis of outer ellipse
45- 48 F4.2 --- Ecc Eccentricity of the ellipse (1)
50- 54 F5.2 arcmin Average radius of bubble
56- 59 F4.2 arcmin Average thickness of bubble
61- 72 A12 --- MFlags Morphology flags (2)
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Note (1): The centers and eccentricities of the inner and outer ellipses
were constrained to be the same.
Note (2): Morphology flags as follows:
C = a complete or closed ring.
B = a broken or incomplete ring.
CC = a probable enclosed central star cluster, meaning that the stellar
density inside the ring appears to be greater than the average stellar
density outside the ring and/or the bubble contains a cluster from a
known catalog.
MB = multiple bubbles, indicating a relatively large bubble having smaller
secondary bubbles inside it or on its periphery. Subsidiary multiple
bubbles are labelled m(catalog #) according to the multiple bubble
they appear to be associated with.
BP = a bipolar bubble or a double bubble whose lobes are in contact.
TP = triple bubbles that appear to originate close to the same location.
CS = the central star(s) responsible for driving the bubble is/are probably
apparent.
Fl = a flocculent or clumpy bubble structure.
SNR = identified as a known supernova remnant.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 18-Jul-2008