J/ApJ/683/822 Star formation in Ophiuchus and Perseus II. (Jorgensen+, 2008)
Current star formation in the Ophiuchus and Perseus molecular clouds:
constraints and comparisons from unbiased submillimeter and mid-infrared
surveys. II.
Jorgensen J.K., Johnstone D., Kirk H., Myers P.C., Allen L.E., Shirley Y.L.
<Astrophys. J., 683, 822-843 (2008)>
=2008ApJ...683..822J 2008ApJ...683..822J
ADC_Keywords: YSOs ; Photometry, millimetric/submm ; Cross identifications ;
Molecular clouds
Keywords: ISM: clouds - ISM: evolution - ISM: individual (Ophiuchus, Perseus) -
stars: formation - stars: pre-main sequence
Abstract:
We present a census of the population of deeply embedded young stellar
objects (YSOs) in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud complex based on a
combination of Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared data from the
"Cores to Disks" (c2d) legacy team and JCMT/SCUBA submillimeter maps
from the COMPLETE team. We have applied a method developed for
identifying embedded protostars in Perseus to these data sets and in
this way construct a relatively unbiased sample of 27 candidate
embedded protostars with envelopes more massive than our sensitivity
limit (about 0.1M☉).
Description:
The Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James
Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) mapped the cloud in 850um dust
continuum emission at 15" resolution as previously presented by
Johnstone et al. (2004ApJ...611L..45J 2004ApJ...611L..45J). For the present analysis these
data were re-reduced and combined with all other SCUBA archive data.
Ophiuchus was mapped at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, 24, 70, and 160um using
the Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC and MIPS cameras by c2d.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 103 27 List of candidate embedded YSOs in Ophiuchus
table3.dat 102 11 List of candidate embedded YSOs for sources with
separations of 15"-30" of a MIPS source
table4.dat 76 6 List of candidate embedded YSOs for interesting MIPS
sources with very red colors, but no associated
SCUBA flux (e.g., candidate edge-on disks)
table7.dat 77 66 Properties of submillimeter cores in Ophiuchus
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See also:
J/ApJ/671/1800 : SCUBA observations of ρ Oph cloud (Andrews+, 2007)
J/ApJ/428/693 : Rosette Nebula and Maddalena Cloud structures (Williams+ 1994)
http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/C2D : C2D Spitzer home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[134].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 h RAh c2d Hour of right ascension (J2000) (1)
4- 5 I2 min RAm c2d Minute of right ascension (J2000) (1)
7- 11 F5.2 s RAs c2d Second of right ascension (J2000) (1)
13 A1 --- DE- c2d Declination sign (J2000) (1)
14- 15 I2 deg DEd c2d Degree of declination (J2000) (1)
17- 18 I2 arcmin DEm c2d Arcminute of declination (J2000) (1)
20- 23 F4.1 arcsec DEs c2d Arcsecond of declination (J2000) (1)
25- 28 F4.2 --- Conc Concentration of the nearest SCUBA core
30- 33 F4.2 --- 3.6-4.5 ? Spitzer [3.6]-[4.5] color index
35- 38 F4.2 --- 8.0-24 ? Spitzer [8.0]-[24.0] color index
40- 45 F6.1 arcsec Sep Separation between the Spitzer source and
SCUBA core
47- 52 F6.3 Jy Flux SCUBA Flux at 850um in Jy/beam
54- 56 A3 --- n_Flux [ABC- ] Code for type of sources (2)
58-101 A44 --- XID Common identifiers from Simbad
102-103 A2 --- Rem [*g ] Remarks on source (3)
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Note (1): Position of Spitzer source from c2d catalog.
Note (2): Code indicating whether the given source obeys:
A = MIPS 24um source with [3.6]-[4.5]>1 and [8.0]-[24]>4.5;
B = separation between Spitzer source and nearest SCUBA core less than 15";
C = Associated submillimeter core has concentration higher than 0.6.
A- = SCUBA flux refers to flux density at the exact position in the maps;
for the remaining sources to the peak flux from the Clumpfind algorithm.
Note that only A and B are used to construct this sample.
Note (3): Flag as follows:
* = Sources are included in the list of embedded YSOs by Wilking et al.
(2008hsf2.book..351W 2008hsf2.book..351W).
g = A complex system of at least three protostellar candidates: in addition
to GSS 30-IRS1 a nearby source is seen at 16:26:22.38-24:22:52.9
at a distance of 10.4" from the SCUBA core:
[AMD2002] J162622-242254/ VSSG 12/ISO-Oph 34/GSS 30-IRS2.
A third source, GSS 30-IRS3/LFAM 1*, is at 16:26:21.72-24:22:50.5,
separated by 4.5" and with [3.6]-[4.5]=0.9 and [8.0]-[24]=5.3
(although with low S/N in MIPS1 due to confusion with GSS 30-IRS1).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Name SMM designation (HHMMSS-DDMMm, J2000)
14- 15 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000) (1)
17- 18 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000) (1)
20- 23 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000) (1)
25 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000) (1)
26- 27 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000) (1)
29- 30 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000) (1)
32- 35 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000) (1)
37- 41 F5.2 Jy F850 SCUBA peak flux at 850um in Jy/beam (2)
43- 47 F5.2 Jy S850 SCUBA total flux at 850um (2)
49- 51 I3 arcsec Reff Outer radius (2)
53- 56 F4.2 solMass Mass Estimated mass (3)
58- 61 F4.2 --- Conc Concentration (4)
63- 64 I2 K Temp Temperature (4)
66- 69 F4.2 solMass MBE BE sphere mass (4)
71- 73 F3.1 cm-3 logn Central number density (4)
75- 77 F3.1 cm-3/K logP/k External pressure (4)
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Note (1): Position of peak flux within clump (accurate to 3"; the pixel size in
the SCUBA maps and the approximate pointing accuracy of the JCMT).
Note (2): Peak flux, total flux, and outer radius derived from Clumpfind
(Williams, de Geus, & Blitz, 1994, Cat. J/ApJ/428/693). The peak and
total fluxes have uncertainties of about 20%, mostly due to
uncertainties in the absolute flux calibration. The radius has not
been deconvolved from the telescope beam.
Note (3): Mass derived from the total flux assuming Td=15K and 850cm2/g,
d=125pc.
Note (4): Concentration, temperature, mass, central number density, and external
pressure derived from Bonnor-Ebert (BE) modeling (see text).
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Nomenclature Notes:
For tables 1, 3, 4: objects are <[JJK2008] JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s> in Simbad.
For table 7: objects are <[JJK2008] SMM JHHMMSS+DDMMm> in Simbad.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Jorgensen et al. Paper I. 2007ApJ...656..293J 2007ApJ...656..293J
(End) Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 01-Dec-2010