J/ApJ/685/1005 Spitzer and high-mass star forming regions (Qiu+, 2008)
Spitzer IRAC and MIPS imaging of clusters and outflows in nine high-mass star
forming regions.
Qiu K., Zhang Q., Megeath S.T., Gutermuth R.A., Beuther H., Shepherd D.S.,
Sridharan T.K., Testi L., De Pree C.G.
<Astrophys. J., 685, 1005-1025 (2008)>
=2008ApJ...685.1005Q 2008ApJ...685.1005Q
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, infrared ; YSOs ; H II regions
Keywords: infrared: stars - ISM: jets and outflows - reflection nebulae -
stars: formation - stars: pre-main sequence
Abstract:
We present Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC and MIPS observations toward a
sample of nine high-mass star forming regions at a distance of around
2kpc. Based on IRAC and MIPS 24um photometric results and 2MASS JHKs
data, we carry out a census of young stellar objects (YSOs) in a 5'x5'
field toward each region. Toward seven out of the nine regions, we
detect parsec-sized clusters with around 20 YSOs surrounded by a more
extended and sparse distribution of young stars and protostars. For
the other two regions, IRAS 20126+4104 and IRAS 22172+5549, the former
has the lowest number of YSOs in the sample and shows no obvious
cluster, and the latter appears to be part of a larger, potentially
more evolved cluster.
Description:
The IRAC observations were obtained from 2005 February to September
except IRAS 19410+2336, which was observed in 2004 October. The MIPS
observations were undertaken in the photometry mode during campaigns
separated by less than 1 month from the IRAC observations with the
exception of IRAS 22172+5549 (1.5 months' separation) and HH 80-81 (5
months' separation).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 156 417 YSOs: 2MASS, IRAC, MIPS 24um photometry
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See also:
J/ApJ/629/288 : Infrared sources near AFGL 5142 (Chen+, 2005)
J/A+A/361/660 : JHK photometry around S233IR (Porras+, 2000)
J/A+A/445/971 : Mid-infrared images of W75N (Persi+, 2006)
J/A+A/466/1065 : submm images of IRAS 05358+3543 (Beuther+, 2007)
J/A+A/475/925 : IRAS 05358+3543 (sub)mm maps (Leurini+, 2007)
J/A+A/489/229 : NIR photometry of IRAS 19410+2336 (Martin-Hernandez+, 2008)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Reg Star forming region
17- 18 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
20- 21 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 27 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
29 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
30- 31 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
33- 34 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
36- 39 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
41- 46 F6.3 mag Jmag ? 2MASS J band magnitude
48- 52 F5.3 mag e_Jmag ? Uncertainty in Jmag
54- 59 F6.3 mag Hmag ? 2MASS H band magnitude
61- 65 F5.3 mag e_Hmag ? Uncertainty in Hmag
67- 72 F6.3 mag Ksmag ? 2MASS Ks band magnitude
74- 78 F5.3 mag e_Ksmag ? Uncertainty in Ksmag
80- 85 F6.3 mag 3.6mag ? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 band magnitude
87- 91 F5.3 mag e_3.6mag ? Uncertainty in 3.6mag
93- 98 F6.3 mag 4.5mag Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 band magnitude
100-104 F5.3 mag e_4.5mag Uncertainty in 4.5mag
106-111 F6.3 mag 5.8mag ? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8 band magnitude
113-117 F5.3 mag e_5.8mag ? Uncertainty in 5.8mag
119-124 F6.3 mag 8.0mag ? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 band magnitude
126-130 F5.3 mag e_8.0mag ? Uncertainty in 8.0mag
132-133 A2 --- f_24mag Limit flag on 24mag (1)
134-139 F6.3 mag 24mag ? Spitzer/MIPS 24 band magnitude
141-145 F5.3 mag e_24mag ? Uncertainty in 24mag
147-148 A2 --- n_24mag Note on 24mag (2)
150-156 A7 --- Notes Additional remark(s) (3)
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Note (1): Indicates that the source is significantly saturated in the MIPS
24 µm band implying a flux level much higher than the saturation
limit of 4.1Jy.
Note (2): Note as follows:
B = most likely attributed to the millimeter source(s) in
Zhang et al. (2007ApJ...658.1152Z 2007ApJ...658.1152Z).
* = blended with a neighboring brighter object in the MIPS 24µm band.
Magnitudes derived from the PSF-fitting photometry.
** = slightly saturated in the MIPS 24µm band. Magnitudes derived by
manually scaling the PSF, subtracting the PSF from the image, and
comparing the residual of the PSF wing with a sky value.
Note (3): Remark as follows:
I = protostar;
II = class II;
I/II = class I/II;
IRe = YSO only identifiable in the 2MASS-IRAC diagram;
High = candidate of intermediate- to high-mass YSOs, see numerical notes for
details.
1 = the exciting source of the surrounding reflection nebula, associated
with the luminous IRAS source (Hunter et al., 1995A&A...302..249H 1995A&A...302..249H), a
B2 star at 3Myr from its position in the J vs. J-H diagram (Chen et al.,
2005, Cat. J/ApJ/629/288).
2 = the exciting source of the surrounding reflection nebula, coincident
with the IRAS 12µm emission peak, a candidate Herbig Ae/Be star
suggested by Porras et al. (2000, Cat. J/A+A/361/660).
3 = the exciting source of the surrounding reflection nebula, spectral type
of B2 to B3 estimated from the centimeter free-free emission observed
by Marti et al. (1993ApJ...416..208M 1993ApJ...416..208M).
4 = an intermediate- to high-mass pre-main-sequence star suggested by
Aspin & Geballe (1992A&A...266..219A 1992A&A...266..219A).
5 = the exciting source of the surrounding reflection nebula, spectral type
of B2 to B3 estimated from the centimeter free-free emission observed
by Marti et al. (1993ApJ...416..208M 1993ApJ...416..208M), an intermediate- to high-mass
pre-main-sequence star suggested by Aspin et al. (1992???).
6 = the exciting source of the surrounding reflection nebula.
7 = an intermediate-mass YSO suggested by Palau et al. 2007A&A...465..219P 2007A&A...465..219P
8 = the exciting source of the surrounding reflection nebula, a young B1
star surrounded by a relatively extended UC HII region
Palau et al. (2007A&A...465..219P 2007A&A...465..219P).
9 = a young B star with a 1-20µm luminosity of 254L☉
(Persi et al. 2006A&A...445..971P 2006A&A...445..971P) to 540L☉ (Moore et al.,
1991MNRAS.248...79M 1991MNRAS.248...79M).
10 = the exciting source of the surrounding reflection nebula, a B0.5 star
at 1-5 Myr surrounded by the expanding HII region W75N(A) and within a
warm dust shell (Haschick et al. 1981ApJ...244...76H 1981ApJ...244...76H; Shepherd et al.,
2003ApJ...584..882S 2003ApJ...584..882S, 2004ApJ...601..952S 2004ApJ...601..952S).
11 = a young intermediate-mass star with a 1-20µm luminosity of
36L☉ (Persi et al. 2006A&A...445..971P 2006A&A...445..971P).
12 = the exciting source of the surrounding reflection nebula.
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Nomenclature note: YSOs are named
<[QZM2008b] JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss> in Simbad.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 16-Dec-2010