J/ApJ/699/453 Determination of black hole masses (Shaposhnikov+, 2009)
Determination of black hole masses in Galactic black hole binaries using scaling
of spectral and variability characteristics.
Shaposhnikov N., Titarchuk L.
<Astrophys. J., 699, 453-468 (2009)>
=2009ApJ...699..453S 2009ApJ...699..453S
ADC_Keywords: Binaries, X-ray ; Models
Keywords: accretion, accretion disks - black hole physics -
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal - stars: individual (XTE J1550-564,
H 1743-322, GX 339-4, 4U 1630-47, GRS 1915+105, XTE 1650-500,
XTE 1859+226, 4U 1543-47)
Abstract:
We present a study of correlations between X-ray spectral and timing
properties observed from a number of Galactic black hole (BH) binaries
during hard-soft state spectral evolution. We analyze 17 transition
episodes from eight BH sources observed with Rossi X-Ray Timing
Explorer. Our scaling technique for BH mass determination uses a
correlation between the spectral index and quasi-periodic oscillation
(QPO) frequency. In addition, we use a correlation between the index
and the normalization of the disk "seed" component to cross-check the
BH mass determination and estimate the distance to the source. We use
GRO J1655-40 as a primary reference source for which the BH mass,
distance, and inclination angle are evaluated by dynamical
measurements with unprecedented precision among other Galactic BH
sources. We apply our scaling technique to determine BH masses and
distances for Cygnus X-1, GX 339-4, 4U 1543-47, XTE J1550-564, XTE
J1650-500, H 1743-322, and XTE J1859-226. A good agreement of our
results for sources with known values of BH masses and distance
provides independent verification for our scaling technique.
Description:
For the study presented in this paper, we have analyzed data for 17
spectral transitions in seven BH transient sources observed with the
Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE; data from
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/). We also analyzed a subset of Cyg X-1
data taken during 2001-2002 when the source showed a transition from
the quiescent, low-hard state (LHS) to the high-soft (HSS). In Table
1, we summarize data for each transition and also provide references
to previous analyses.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 53 17 Spectral transition data used in analysis
table2.dat 149 363 Spectral and timing characteristics for RXTE data
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See also:
J/ApJ/687/471 : Observational comparison between ULXs and XRBs (Berghea+, 2008)
J/ApJS/168/1 : Black hole mass estimates (Kelly+, 2007)
J/ApJ/667/131 : Mass function of active black holes (Greene+, 2007)
J/ApJ/614/91 : Black hole mass and accretion rate of AGNs (Wu+, 2004)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Source Source name
15- 23 A9 --- TID Transition identification
25- 32 A8 "YY/MM/DD" SDate Date of start
34- 41 A8 "YY/MM/DD" EDate Date of end
43- 47 A5 --- Type Transition type (rise, decay or mixed)
49- 53 A5 --- Ref Reference(s) (1)
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Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Rodriguez et al. 2003ApJ...595.1032R 2003ApJ...595.1032R;
2 = Rodriguez et al. 2004ApJ...612.1018R 2004ApJ...612.1018R;
3 = McClintock et al. 2009ApJ...698.1398M 2009ApJ...698.1398M;
4 = Belloni et al. 2006MNRAS.367.1113B 2006MNRAS.367.1113B;
5 = Belloni et al. 2005A&A...440..207B 2005A&A...440..207B;
6 = Casella et al. 2004A&A...426..587C 2004A&A...426..587C;
7 = Rossi et al. 2004NuPhS.132..416R 2004NuPhS.132..416R;
8 = Trudolyubov et al. 2001ApJ...558..276T 2001ApJ...558..276T;
9 = Kalemci et al. 2005ApJ...622..508K 2005ApJ...622..508K;
10 = Park et al. 2004ApJ...610..378P 2004ApJ...610..378P;
11 = Shaposhnikov & Titarchuk (2007ApJ...663..445S 2007ApJ...663..445S);
12 = Trudolyubov 2001ApJ...558..276T 2001ApJ...558..276T;
13 = Vignarca et al. 2003A&A...397..729V 2003A&A...397..729V
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- TID Transition identification
11- 25 A15 --- OID Observation identification
27- 34 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian Date at RXTE observation start
36- 38 A3 --- State Black hole state (1)
40- 46 F7.4 Hz nu ? Frequency of quasi-periodic oscillation
48- 53 F6.4 Hz e_nu ? Uncertainty in nu
55- 59 F5.3 --- alpha Model spectral index
61- 65 F5.3 --- e_alpha Uncertainty in alpha
67- 71 F5.3 keV kT Model temperature
73- 77 F5.3 keV e_kT Uncertainty in kT
79- 84 F6.3 [-] logA Model log(A) parameter (2)
86- 89 F4.2 [-] e_logA ? Uncertainty in logA
91 A1 --- f_logA [f] Indicates logA is fixed
93- 99 F7.5 --- Nbmc Bulk Motion Comptonization normalization i
L/d2 if L in 1039erg/s and d in (10kpc)
101-107 F7.5 --- e_Nbmc Uncertainty in Nbmc
109-112 F4.1 keV Ecut ? High energy cut-off
114-116 F3.1 keV e_Ecut ? Uncertainty in Ecut
118 A1 --- f_Ecut [f] indicates Ecut is fixed
120-124 F5.1 keV Efold ? Cut-off folding energy
126-129 F4.1 keV e_Efold ? Uncertainty in Efold
131-137 F7.4 10-11W/m2 FX X-ray flux (in 10-8erg/s/cm2)
139-144 F6.4 10-11W/m2 e_FX Uncertainty in FX
146-149 F4.2 --- chi2 Model reduced χ2
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Note (1): Black hole (BH) observational appearance is conventionally
described in terms of BH state classification (see Remillard &
McClintock 2006ARA&A..44...49R 2006ARA&A..44...49R; Belloni 2005A&A...440..207B 2005A&A...440..207B;
Klein-Wolt & van der Klis 2008ApJ...675.1407K 2008ApJ...675.1407K, for different flavors
of BH state definitions). We adopt the following general BH state
classification for five major BH states: quiescent, low-hard (LHS),
intermediate (IS), high-soft (HSS), and very high states (VHS).
Note (2): The resulting model spectrum is also characterized by a parameter
log(A) related to a Comptonized fraction f, where f=A/(1+A). See
section 2 for further details.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 23-Jun-2011