J/ApJ/700/1299 Gas-phase element depletions in the ISM (Jenkins, 2009)
A unified representation of gas-phase element depletions in the interstellar
medium.
Jenkins E.B.
<Astrophys. J., 700, 1299-1348 (2009)>
=2009ApJ...700.1299J 2009ApJ...700.1299J
ADC_Keywords: Interstellar medium ; Stars, nearby ; Abundances
Keywords: ISM: abundances - ISM: atoms - ultraviolet: ISM
Abstract:
A study of gas-phase element abundances reported in the literature for
17 different elements sampled over 243 sight lines in the local part
of our Galaxy reveals that the depletions into solid form (dust
grains) are extremely well characterized by trends that employ only
three kinds of parameters. One is an index that describes the overall
level of depletion applicable to the gas in any particular sight line,
and the other two represent linear coefficients that describe how to
derive each element's depletion from this sight-line parameter. The
information from this study reveals the relative proportions of
different elements that are incorporated into dust at different stages
of grain growth.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 150 276 Stellar data and line of sight information
table4.dat 86 16 Element depletion parameters
table5.dat 130 239 Observed and synthetic log N(H) and F*
table6.dat 84 29 Synthetic log N(H) and F* for stars in the
Local Bubble
table7.dat 108 1475 Observations and fits for Carbon - Krypton
refs.dat 69 138 References
notes.dat 76 44 Notes of table 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/114 : UV Interstellar Extinction (Savage+ 1985)
II/215 : uvby-beta Catalogue (Hauck+ 1997)
III/205 : H-alpha Stars in Northern Milky Way (Kohoutek+ 1997)
J/A+A/275/549 : Interstellar extinction curves (Jenniskens+ 1993)
J/A+AS/107/385 : UV-excess objects Spacelab-1 survey IV. (Tobin+, 1994)
J/ApJS/93/211 : IUE survey of H I Lyα absorption. I. (Diplas+ 1994)
J/ApJS/136/631 : IUE absorption toward 164 early-type stars (Savage+, 2001)
J/ApJS/146/125 : O VI in the galactic halo (Savage+, 2003)
J/ApJS/147/61 : Interstellar Ca I absorption (Welty+, 2003)
J/MNRAS/367/1478 : Interstellar NaI, TiII + CaIIK obs. (Hunter+, 2006)
J/ApJ/647/328 : FUSE survey of OVI in ISM (Dixon+, 2006)
J/ApJS/176/59 : FUSE survey of OVI in the disk of the Milky Way (Bowen+,
2008)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD ? HD number
11- 13 I3 km/s Vcomp ? Specific Heliocentric velocity component
16- 31 A16 --- Name Name (1)
33- 38 F6.2 deg GLON Galactic longitude
40- 45 F6.2 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
47- 51 F5.2 mag Vmag The Simbad V band magnitude (not used for
calculating the reddenings or Dist)
53- 68 A16 --- SpType MK spectral type
70- 75 A6 --- r_SpType Reference for SpType; see refs.dat file
77- 81 F5.2 mag E(B-V) The (B-V) extinction
83- 87 F5.3 kpc Dist Heliocentric distance (1)
89- 93 F5.2 kpc Z Distance from Galactic plane
95- 99 F5.2 [cm-2] b_logNHI ? Lower limit on logNHI
103-107 F5.2 [cm-2] logNHI ? Log best observed HI column density
109 A1 --- n_logNHI Flag on logNHI (see notes.dat file)
111-115 F5.2 [cm-2] B_logNHI ? Upper limit on logNHI
119-124 A6 --- r_logNHI Reference for logNHI; see refs.dat file
127-131 F5.2 [cm-2] b_logNH2 ? Lower limit on logNH2
133-137 F5.2 [cm-2] logNH2 ? Log best observed H2 column density
139-143 F5.2 [cm-2] B_logNH2 ? Upper limit on logNH2
145-150 A6 --- r_logNH2 Reference for logNH2; see refs.dat file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Stars for which neither the Hipparcos parallaxes (Cat. I/311)
nor the determinations by Bowen et al. 2008, Cat. J/ApJS/176/59 were
applicable had their spectroscopic parallaxes determined with the
standard formula for the distance d (in kpc):
logd=(mV-AV-MV-10)/5, where mV is the apparent V magnitude of
the star, AV is the extinction by dust in the visible (assumed to be
3.1E(B-V)), and MV is the absolute V magnitude of the star.
See section 4.5.1 for further details.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 A2 --- El Element identification "X" (1)
4- 7 F4.2 [-] [X/H] Adopted reference abundance relative to H (2)
9- 12 F4.2 [-] e_[X/H] Uncertainty in X/H (2)
14- 19 F6.3 --- Ax The AX parameter; defined in Eq. 10 (3)
21- 25 F5.3 --- e_Ax Uncertainty in Ax
27- 32 F6.3 --- Bx The BX parameter; defined in Eq. 10 (3)
34- 38 F5.3 --- e_Bx Uncertainty in Bx (4)
40- 44 F5.3 --- zx The zX parameter; defined in Eq. 11 (3)
46- 51 F6.3 [-] Xgas/H0 The [Xgas/H]0 parameter; defined in Eq. 13
53- 57 F5.3 [-] e_Xgas/H0 Uncertainty in Xgas/H0; defined in Eq. 14 (3)(4)
59- 64 F6.3 [-] Xgas/H1 The [Xgas/H]1 parameter; defined in Eq. 15
66- 70 F5.3 [-] e_Xgas/H1 Uncertainty in Xgas/H1; defined in Eq. 16 (4)
72- 76 F5.1 --- chi2 The χ2 value
78- 80 I3 --- dof Degrees of freedom
82- 86 F5.3 --- Prob Probability of worse fit
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Coefficients for S do not appear in this table because a
nonstandard approach was required. The coefficients are given
in the text of Section 9.
Note (2): On a logarithmic scale with H=12. Values and their errors
taken from the recommended solar abundances of Lodders K.
(2003ApJ...591.1220L 2003ApJ...591.1220L).
Note (3): The slope of a best-fit line for the observed depletions
[Xgas/H]obs=AX(F*-zX)+BX for any given element X against
F* (the line-of-sight depletion strength factor). The parameter AX
represents the propensity of that element to increase (the absolute
value of) its particular depletion level as F* becomes larger. For
even the smallest observed values of F*, most elements still show
some depletion (see Figure 1). We denote this level of depletion as
[Xgas/H]0. See section 3 for further details.
Note (4): Unlike the convention for listing errors in the fit outcomes in
Table 7, the uncertainties with the terms listed here include both the
formal errors of the fit coefficients and the error in the adopted
value of (X/H)☉, added together in quadrature.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- HD ? HD number
11- 13 I3 km/s Vcomp ? Specific Heliocentric velocity component (1)
16- 31 A16 --- Name Name
33- 37 F5.2 [cm-2] b_logNHo ? Lower limit on logNHOb
39- 43 F5.2 [cm-2] logNHo ? Log observed H column density
45- 49 F5.2 [cm-2] B_logNHo ? Upper limit on logNHOb
51- 55 F5.2 --- F*o ? Observed line-of-sight depletion strength
factor
57- 60 F4.2 --- e_F*o ? Uncertainty in F*o
62- 66 F5.2 [cm-2] logNHs ? Log synthetic H column density
68- 71 F4.2 [cm-2] e_logNHs ? Uncertainty in logNHs
73- 77 F5.2 --- F*s ? Synthetic line-of-sight depletion strength
factor
79- 82 F4.2 --- e_F*s ? Uncertainty in F*s
84- 88 F5.3 --- Prob ? Probability of a worse fit
90-130 A41 --- El Elements considered in fit
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Separate velocity components, explicitly identified and not
grouped together; see section 4.3.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- WD White Dwarf identification (HHMM+DDd; B1950)
10- 24 A15 --- AName Alternate name
26- 31 F6.2 deg GLON Galactic longitude
33- 38 F6.2 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
40- 43 F4.1 mag Vmag The Simbad V band magnitude
45- 47 I3 pc Dist Heliocentric distance (1)
49- 53 F5.2 [-] logNHs Log synthetic H column density
55- 58 F4.2 [-] e_logNHs Uncertainty in logNHs
60- 64 F5.2 --- F*s Synthetic line-of-sight depletion strength factor
66- 69 F4.2 --- e_F*s Uncertainty in F*s
71- 74 F4.2 --- chi2 ? The χ2 value
76- 84 A9 --- El Element(s) considered (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Taken from the papers that described the FUSE observations.
Note (2): All column density data from Lehner et al. (2003ApJ...595..858L 2003ApJ...595..858L),
except for HZ 21 (Oliveira et al. 2003ApJ...587..235O 2003ApJ...587..235O).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 A2 --- El Element "X"
4- 9 I6 --- HD ? HD number
12- 14 I3 km/s Vcomp ? Specific Heliocentric velocity component
17- 32 A16 --- Name Name (1)
34- 38 F5.2 [cm-2] b_logNx ? Lower limit on logNx
42- 46 F5.2 [cm-2] logNx ? Log best observed column density (2)
48 A1 --- f_logNx [if] infinite or fixed value of logNx (3)
50- 54 F5.2 [cm-2] B_logNx ? Upper limit on logNx
56 A1 --- n_logNx [if] infinite or fixed value of B_logNx (3)
58- 63 A6 --- r_logNx Reference codes for logNx (see refs.dat file)
65- 69 F5.2 --- F* ? Line-of-sight depletion strength factor
71- 74 F4.2 --- e_F* ? Uncertainty in F*
76- 81 F6.3 [-] [X/H] ? Log expected depletion [Xgas/H] (4)
83- 87 F5.3 [-] e_[X/H] ? Uncertainty in Elgas/H
89- 94 F6.3 --- Res ? Observed [X/H] minus computed from Eq. 10
96-100 F5.2 --- sigma ? Standard deviation (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): In table 7, ο2 Sco is a misprint for ο1 Sco;
corrected at CDS.
Note (2): Column densities for CII, NI, OI, MgII, SiII, PII, SII, ClII, TiII,
CrII, MnII, FeII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, GeII, and KrI.
Note (3): Flag as follows:
i = indicates value is infinite;
f = The entry 13.44 for the adopted value of N (NiII) stated by CLMS06
(Cartledge et al. 2006ApJ...641..327C 2006ApJ...641..327C) is incorrect; this number should
be 13.94, as confirmed by Cartledge (private communication). The value
listed here includes a correction for a change in the transition
f -value by -0.106dex - see Table 1.
Note (4): Computed using Eq. 10. The listed errors do not include an overall
systematic uncertainty of
C/H = 0.04,
N/H = 0.11,
O/H = 0.05,
Mg/H = 0.02,
Si/H = 0.02,
P/H = 0.04,
S/H = 0.04,
Cl/H = 0.06,
Ti/H = 0.03,
Cr/H = 0.05,
Mn/H = 0.03,
Fe/H = 0.03,
Ni/H = 0.03,
Cu/H = 0.06,
Zn/H = 0.04,
Ge/H = 0.05, and
Kr/H = 0.08
in the solar abundance in order to show just the formal error that
arises from the uncertainties in location of line of best fit and
the value of F*.
Note (5): The difference shown in the previous column divided by the
expected difference due to the uncertainties in both the measured
column density and the coefficients that appear in Eq. 10.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- Ref Code of reference
8- 26 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
28- 48 A21 --- Auth Author's name(s)
51- 69 A19 --- Comm Comment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A1 --- F [d-r] Flag code
3- 76 A74 --- Note Text of note
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 27-Jul-2011