J/ApJ/709/1042 Variability in C-rich proto-PNe. (Hrivnak+, 2010)
Variability in proto-planetary nebulae.
I. Light curve studies of 12 carbon-rich objects.
Hrivnak B.J., Lu W., Maupin R.E., Spitzbart B.D.
<Astrophys. J., 709, 1042-1066 (2010)>
=2010ApJ...709.1042H 2010ApJ...709.1042H
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, VRI ; Effective temperatures ; Planetary nebulae ;
Stars, giant ; Stars, carbon
Keywords: planetary nebulae: general - stars: AGB and post-AGB -
stars: evolution - stars: mass-loss - stars: oscillations -
stars: variables: general
Abstract:
We have carried out long-term (14 years) V and R photometric
monitoring of 12 carbon-rich proto-planetary nebulae. The light and
color curves display variability in all of them. The light curves are
complex and suggest multiple periods, changing periods, and/or
changing amplitudes, which are attributed to pulsation. A dominant
period has been determined for each and found to be in the range of
∼150 days for the coolest (G8) to 35-40 days for the warmest (F3). A
clear, linear inverse relationship has been found in the sample
between the pulsation period and the effective temperature and also an
inverse relationship between the amplitude of light variation and the
effective temperature. These are consistent with the expectation for a
pulsating post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) star evolving toward
higher temperature at constant luminosity. The published spectral
energy distributions and mid-infrared images show these objects to
have cool (200K), detached dust shells and published models imply
that intensive mass loss ended 400-2000 years ago.
Description:
Photometric observations were made at the Valparaiso University
Observatory (VUO). The observing program was begun in earnest in the
summer of 1994, with observations made using only the V (Johnson)
filter. Beginning in the summer of 1995, occasional observations were
made through the R (Cousins) filter to investigate color variations,
and these were continued with increased frequency. Since summer 2002,
the V and R observations have consistently been made together.
Integration times were adjusted with a goal of obtaining a precision
of σ≤±0.01mag.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 119 12 List of C-rich PPNs observed
table2.dat 42 12 List of spectroscopic properties of the C-rich
PPNs taken from Hrivnak et al. 2008IAUS..251..213H 2008IAUS..251..213H
table3.dat 54 22 Magnitudes of the PPNs on the standard BVRI
system at the time of the observations
table5.dat 76 1862 Differential standard magnitudes and colors for
the 13 sources
table8.dat 94 13 Results of the period and light curve study of
carbon-rich PPNs (listed in order of SpT)
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See also:
B/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/254 : The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version 1.2 (Lasker+ 1996)
II/125 : IRAS catalogue of Point Sources, Version 2.0 (IPAC 1986)
J/A+A/369/178 : Effective temperatures of carbon-rich stars (Bergeat+, 2001)
J/PAZh/26/705 : UBV observations of post-AGB supergiants (Arkhipova+, 2000)
J/ApJS/122/221 : A mid-IR survey of Proto-PNs Candidates (Meixner+, 1999)
J/A+AS/126/479 : NIR photometry of IRAS sources. III (Garcia-Lario+, 1997)
J/A+A/267/515 : Very cold C-rich circumstellar envelopes (Omont+ 1993)
http://www.iac.es/proyecto/apn4/pages/proceedings.php : Asymmetrical PNe IV
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Source name (generally IRAS)
17 A1 --- n_Name [cd] Non IRAS-PSC source (1)
19- 29 A11 --- GSC GSC identification (FFFFF-NNNNN) (2)
31- 47 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS identification (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
49- 50 I2 h RAh 2MASS hour of right ascension (J2000)
52- 53 I2 min RAm 2MASS minute of right ascension (J2000)
55- 58 F4.1 s RAs 2MASS second of right ascension (J2000)
60 A1 --- DE- 2MASS sign of declination (J2000)
61- 62 I2 deg DEd 2MASS degree of declination (J2000)
64- 65 I2 arcmin DEm 2MASS arcminute of declination (J2000)
67- 68 I2 arcsec DEs 2MASS arcsecond of declination (J2000)
70- 74 F5.1 deg GLON Galactic longitude
76- 80 F5.1 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
82- 85 F4.1 mag Vmag V-band magnitude
87- 97 A11 --- SpT MK spectral type
99-119 A21 --- OName Other identifications (3)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
c = Listed in the IRAS Faint Source Reject File (Cat. II/275)
but not in the Point Source Catalog (Cat. II/125).
d = Not included in the IRAS Point Source Catalog (Cat. II/125).
Note (2): Refers to the Hubble Space Telescope Guide Star Catalog (Cat. I/254).
Note (3): V5122 Sgr is a misprint for V5112 Sgr; corrected at CDS.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Source name (generally IRAS)
17- 27 A11 --- SpT MK spectral type
29- 31 F3.1 --- C/O ? C/O value
33 A1 --- C2 [Y] Detection of C2 absorption
35 A1 --- C3 [Y/N]? Detection of C3 absorption
37 A1 --- AIBs [Y] Aromatic infrared bands (AIBs) in emission
at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3um
38 A1 --- f_AIBs [b] b: Weak plateau features
40 A1 --- 21um [Y] Broad emission feature at 20.1um
42 A1 --- 30um [Y] Very broad emission feature around 30um
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Source name (generally IRAS)
17- 21 F5.2 mag Vmag ? V-band magnitude
23- 26 F4.2 mag B-V ? B-V color index
28- 31 F4.2 mag V-R ? V-R color index
33- 36 F4.2 mag R-I ? R-I color index
38- 41 F4.2 mag V-I ? V-I color index
43- 52 A10 "Y/M/D" Date Observation date
54 I1 --- Ref ? Reference (1)
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Note (1): Reference for our previously published photometry as follows:
1 = Hrivnak & Kwok 1999ApJ...513..869H 1999ApJ...513..869H;
2 = Hrivnak & Kwok 1991ApJ...368..564H 1991ApJ...368..564H;
3 = Kwok et al. 1995ApJ...454..394K 1995ApJ...454..394K;
4 = Hrivnak et al. 1989ApJ...346..265H 1989ApJ...346..265H;
5 = Hrivnak & Kwok 1991ApJ...371..631H 1991ApJ...371..631H.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Source name (generally IRAS)
16 A1 --- m_Name [NS] Component (for AFGL 2688)
18- 29 F12.4 d HJD-V V band Heliocentric Julian Date
31- 36 F6.3 mag dVmag Differential magnitude in V band
38- 49 F12.4 d HJD-R ? R band Heliocentric Julian Date
51- 56 F6.3 mag dRmag ? Differential Magnitude in R band
58- 69 F12.4 d HJD-VR ? (V-R) Heliocentric Julian Date
71- 76 F6.3 mag d(V-R) ? Differential Color Index (V-R)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Source name (generally IRAS)
17 A1 --- m_Name [NS] Component (for AFGL 2688)
19 A1 --- l_Per [~] Limit flag on Per
20- 22 I3 d Per ? Period
23 A1 --- u_Per [:] Uncertainty flag on Per
24 A1 --- n_Per [fh] Notes on Per (4)
26- 33 A8 --- SpT MK spectral type (5)
34 A1 --- n_SpT [g] Note on SpT (4)
36- 39 I4 K Teff Effective temperature (or lower limit if Teff2)
(6)
40 A1 --- --- [-]
41- 44 I4 K Teff2 ? Upper limit on Teff
45 A1 --- f_Teff2 [e] Flag on Teff2 (4)
47- 50 F4.2 mag dVmag Maximum brightness in V-band (7)
51 A1 --- u_dVmag [:] Uncertainty flag on dVmag
53- 56 F4.2 mag d(V-R) Maximum color range in (V-R) (7)
57 A1 --- u_d(V-R) [:] Uncertainty flag on d(V-R)
59- 61 I3 K dTeff ? Corresponding maximum temperature change (7)
63- 94 A32 --- Comm Comments
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Note (4): Flag as follows:
e = No model atmosphere analysis; Teff assumed to be similar to other
G8Ia PPNs in this sample.
f = An almost equally probably period is 148 days.
g = F3I by Sanchez Contreras et al. (2008ApJS..179..166S 2008ApJS..179..166S).
h = A period of ∼600 days also appears to be present in the data.
Note (5): Spectral types based on low-resolution spectra, primarily from
Hrivnak (1995ApJ...438..341H 1995ApJ...438..341H).
Note (6): Teff determined from model atmosphere analyses by Van Winckel &
Reyniers (2000A&A...354..135V 2000A&A...354..135V), Reddy et al. (2002ApJ...564..482R 2002ApJ...564..482R),
Reddy et al. (1999ApJ...524..831R 1999ApJ...524..831R), and Klochkova et al.
(2000AstL...26..439K 2000AstL...26..439K).
Note (7): The maximum brightness and color range observed in a season and the
corresponding maximum temperature change.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Hrivnak et al. Paper I. 2010ApJ...709.1042H 2010ApJ...709.1042H This catalog.
Hrivnak et al. Paper II. 2013ApJ...766..116H 2013ApJ...766..116H Cat. J/ApJ/766/116
Hrivnak et al. Paper III. 2015ApJ...805...78H 2015ApJ...805...78H
Hrivnak et al. Paper IV. 2015AJ....149..184H 2015AJ....149..184H Cat. J/AJ/149/184
Hrivnak et al. Paper V. 2018AJ....156..300H 2018AJ....156..300H Cat. J/AJ/156/300
Hrivnak et al. Paper VI. 2020AJ....159...21H 2020AJ....159...21H Cat. J/AJ/159/21
Hrivnak et al. Paper VII. 2020ApJ...901....9H 2020ApJ...901....9H Cat. J/ApJ/901/9
Hrivnak et al. Paper VIII. 2021AJ....162..248H 2021AJ....162..248H
Hrivnak et al. Paper IX. 2022ApJ...939...32H 2022ApJ...939...32H Cat. J/ApJ/939/32
Hrivnak et al. Paper X. 2024AJ....167...30H 2024AJ....167...30H Cat. J/AJ/167/30
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 07-Mar-2012