J/ApJ/719/1104 Massive star forming complexes in GLIMPSE (Rahman+, 2010)
A new sample of very massive star forming complexes in the Spitzer GLIMPSE
survey.
Rahman M., Murray N.
<Astrophys. J., 719, 1104-1122 (2010)>
=2010ApJ...719.1104R 2010ApJ...719.1104R
ADC_Keywords: H II regions ; Interstellar medium ; Infrared sources
Keywords: H II regions - infrared: ISM - stars: formation
Abstract:
We examine the 13 most luminous sources in the WMAP free-free map
using the Spitzer GLIMPSE and Midcourse Space Experiment surveys to
identify massive star formation complexes, emitting one-third of the
Galactic free-free luminosity. We identify star-forming complexes
(SFCs) by a combination of bubble morphology in 8um emission and radio
recombination line radial velocities. We find 40 SFCs associated with
our WMAP sources and determine unique distances up to 31. We interpret
the bubbles as evidence for radial expansion. The radial velocity
distribution for each source allows us to measure the intrinsic speed
of a complex's expansion. This speed is consistent with the size and
age of the bubbles. The high free-free luminosities, combined with
negligible synchrotron emission, demonstrate that the bubbles are not
driven by supernovae. The kinetic energy of the largest bubbles is a
substantial fraction of that measured in the older superbubbles found
by Heiles. We find that the energy injected into the interstellar
medium by our bubbles is similar to that required to maintain
turbulent motion in the gas disk inside 8kpc. We report a number of
new SFCs powered by massive (M*>104M☉) star clusters. We
measure the scale height of the Galactic O stars to be h*=35±5pc.
We determine an empirical relationship between the 8um and free-free
emission of the form F8um∝F2ff. Finally, we find that the
bubble geometry is more consistent with a spherical shell rather than
a flattened disk.
Description:
In Paper I (Murray & Rahman, 2010, Cat. J/ApJ/709/424), we divided the
total flux of the WMAP regions along a given line of sight based on
various distance determinations (radio recombination lines, molecular
absorption lines, and stellar distances). Using this division,
one-third of the Galactic free-free emission arises from 14 discrete
WMAP sources. These sources contain more than one-third of the O star
population of the Galaxy. Here, we investigate in more detail, using
additional radial velocities, the 13 most luminous free-free sources
in the Galaxy from Paper I.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 68 40 Star-forming complex parameters
table3.dat 51 48 Bubble-like objects associated with the
star-forming complexes
table4.dat 52 258 H II region velocities
table5.dat 16 40 Dynamical properties of the star-forming complexes
refs.dat 65 30 References
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See also:
II/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)
V/114 : MSX6C Infrared Point Source Catalog (Egan+ 2003)
VIII/58 : A Survey of Radio H II Regions in the Northern Sky (Lockman+ 1989)
J/ApJ/709/424 : HII regions identified with WMAPS and GLIMPSE (Murray+, 2010)
J/ApJS/180/283 : WMAP five-year source catalog (Wright+, 2009)
J/ApJ/670/428 : Bubbles in the galactic disk. II. (Churchwell+, 2007)
J/ApJS/165/338 : Radio recombination lines in HII regions (Quireza+, 2006)
J/ApJ/649/759 : Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)
J/A+A/432/737 : General Catalogue of 6.7GHz Methanol Masers (Pestalozzi+,
2005)
J/ApJS/154/553 : Inner galaxy massive star formation regions (Sewilo+, 2004)
J/ApJ/582/756 : Velocities of HII regions (Kolpak+, 2003)
J/MNRAS/291/261 : Methanol maser of IRAS-selected sources (Walsh+ 1997)
J/A+AS/115/81 : A CS(2-1) survey of UC HII regions (Bronfman+, 1996)
J/A+AS/101/153 : Galactic H2O masers (Palagi+ 1993)
J/A+A/171/261 : Radio Recombination Lines of Southern HII Regions (Caswell+
1987)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- SFC [1/40] Star-forming complex number
(<[RM2010] SFC NN> in Simbad)
4- 10 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
12- 17 F6.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
19- 22 F4.1 arcmin smaj Semi-major axis of the complex
24- 27 F4.1 arcmin smin Semi-minor axis of the complex
29- 31 I3 deg PA [-60/90] Position angle of the complex
33- 35 I3 km/s VLSR Median LSR velocity
37- 38 I2 km/s DelVm ? Measured half-spread of velocity
40- 41 I2 km/s DelVc ? Corrected half-spread of velocity
43- 46 F4.1 kpc Dist Distance to the complex or near distance (1)
48- 51 F4.1 kpc Distf ? Far distance (1)
53- 54 I2 pc Mean radius of the source
56- 57 I2 pc 2 ? Second mean radius
59- 61 F3.1 Myr tdyn ? Dynamical age of the complex given the
velocity spread
63- 65 F3.1 Myr tdyn2 ? Second dynamical age
67- 68 I2 --- Ref ? KDA reference (see refs.dat file) (1)
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Note (1): The KDA reference indicates the source by which the kinematic distance
ambiguity is resolved. In cases where no reference is given, the
kinematic distance is either unique or we present the near and far
distances.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/48] Running sequence number
(<[RM2010] Bubble NN> in Simbad)
4- 10 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
12- 17 F6.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
19- 22 F4.1 arcmin amaj [0.3/26.1] Semi-major axis
24- 27 F4.1 arcmin bmin Semi-minor axis
29- 31 I3 deg PA [-76/90] Position angle
33- 34 I2 --- SFC [2/40] Associated Star-Forming complex from
table 2
36- 39 F4.1 pc Mean radius using the distances to the
associated SFCs (1)
40 A1 --- --- [,]
41- 44 F4.1 pc ? Second mean radius from the far distance (1)
46 A1 --- Class [BC] Morphology classification flag ((C)losed
or (B)roken bubble)
48- 51 A4 --- C06 GLIMPSE bubble identification (from Churchwell
et al. 2006, Cat. J/ApJ/649/759;
<[CPA2006] WNNN> in Simbad)
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Note (1): Where the kinematic distance ambiguity has not been resolved, the
mean radius of both the near and far distances is indicated.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- SFC [1/40] Associated Star Forming Complex
4- 29 A26 --- Name H II Region name
31- 36 F6.2 deg GLON Galactic Longitude
38- 42 F5.2 deg GLAT Galactic Latitude
44- 49 F6.2 km/s VLSR Velocity
51- 52 I2 --- r_VLSR Reference for Velocity (see refs.dat file)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- SFC [1/40] Star-forming complex number
4- 6 F3.1 [Msun] logMsh The mass swept up in the shell
8- 11 F4.1 [10-7J] logEk The kinetic energy of the swept up shell in erg
13- 16 F4.1 [10-7W] logLm The mechanical luminosity produced by the motion
of the shell in erg/s
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 44 A21 --- Auth Author's name(s)
46- 65 A20 --- Comm Comment
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History:
* 18-Jun-2012: From electronic version of the journal
* 11-Dec-2012: Table 3 added from electronic version
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 18-Jun-2012