J/ApJ/732/55          Abundances of stars with planets          (Schuler+, 2011)

Abundances of stars with planets: trends with condensation temperature. Schuler S.C., Flateau D., Cunha K., King J.R., Ghezzi L., Smith V.V. <Astrophys. J., 732, 55 (2011)> =2011ApJ...732...55S 2011ApJ...732...55S
ADC_Keywords: Abundances ; Equivalent widths ; Planets ; Stars, double and multiple Keywords: planetary systems - planets and satellites: formation - stars: abundances - stars: atmospheres Abstract: Precise abundances of 18 elements have been derived for 10 stars known to host giant planets from high signal-to-noise ratio, high-resolution echelle spectroscopy. Internal uncertainties in the derived abundances are typically ≲0.05dex. The stars in our sample have all been previously shown to have abundances that correlate with the condensation temperature (Tc) of the elements in the sense of increasing abundances with increasing Tc; these trends have been interpreted as evidence that the stars may have accreted H-depleted planetary material. Our newly derived abundances also correlate positively with Tc, although slopes of linear least-square fits to the [m/H]-Tc relations for all but two stars are smaller here than in previous studies. When considering the refractory elements (Tc>900K) only, which may be more sensitive to planet formation processes, the sample can be separated into a group with positive slopes (four stars) and a group with flat or negative slopes (six stars). The four stars with positive slopes have very close-in giant planets (three at 0.05AU) and slopes that fall above the general Galactic chemical evolution trend. We suggest that these stars have accreted refractory-rich planet material but not to the extent that would increase significantly the overall stellar metallicity. The flat or negative slopes of the remaining six stars are consistent with recent suggestions of a planet formation signature, although we show that the trends may be the result of Galactic chemical evolution. Description: Observations of the northern stars were carried out with the 9.2m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) and the High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS) at the McDonald Observatory (R∼115000) in 2007 on 13 separate nights. High-resolution echelle spectra of the southern targets were obtained with the 2.2m MPG/ESO telescope and the Fiber-fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph (FEROS) at the European Southern Observatory (ESO), La Silla (R∼48000) in 2007 on 4 nights. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file ewt2.dat 62 1330 Lines measured, equivalent widths, and abundances - HET/HRS ewt3.dat 62 740 Lines measured, equivalent widths, and abundances - ESO/FEROS table4.dat 68 11 Stellar parameters table5.dat 79 11 Carbon and oxygen abundances table11.dat 33 11 Planet properties -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: J/A+A/539/A102 : HD 209458 and HD 189733 theoretical spectra (Hayek+, 2012) J/A+A/545/A32 : Chemical abundances of 1111 stars (Adibekyan+, 2012) J/MNRAS/414/1227 : Mg/Fe ratio of MILES stars (Milone+, 2011) J/A+A/523/A91 : CoRoT/Exoplanet fields with MATISSE (Gazzano+, 2010) J/ApJ/724/154 : Lithium abundances in stars with planets (Ghezzi+, 2010) J/ApJ/705/1226 : Planet-bearing stars in Spitzer (Bryden+, 2009) J/MNRAS/374/664 : Stellar parameters in MILES library (Cenarro+, 2007) J/AJ/131/2274 : TrES-1 equivalent widths (Sozzetti+, 2006) J/ApJ/646/505 : Catalog of nearby exoplanets (Butler+, 2006) J/PASJ/57/65 : CNO abundances of solar-type stars (Takeda+, 2005) J/A+A/438/139 : Abundances in Milky Way's disk (Soubiran+, 2005) J/AZh/82/453 : Spectroscopic abundances in stars (Borkova+, 2005) J/ApJS/161/444 : [Fe/H] and Teff for class IV-V stars (Taylor+, 2005) J/A+A/433/185 : Abundance analysis of 102 F and G dwarfs (Bensby+, 2005) J/A+A/423/677 : Abundances in chromospherically active stars (Morel+, 2004) J/A+A/415/155 : Oxygen abundances in the Galactic disk (Bensby+, 2004) J/MNRAS/325/1365 : Solar neighborhood metallicity distribution (Haywood+, 2001) J/A+A/356/590 : The CORALIE survey for extrasolar planets II (Udry+, 2000) Byte-by-byte Description of file: ewt[23].dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 2 A2 --- --- [HD] 4- 9 I6 --- HD [2039/217107] Star name 11- 14 A4 --- Ion Ion designation 16- 22 F7.2 0.1nm lambda [4694.11/7775.39] Wavelength; in Angstroms 24 A1 --- n_lambda [d] Hyperfine line (1) 26- 29 F4.2 eV ExPot [0/9.15] Excitation potential 31- 36 F6.3 [-] log(gf) [-9.717/0.369] Log of the oscillator strength 38- 42 F5.1 10-13m EW-Sol [4.5/124.8] Solar equivalent width (in mÅ) 44 A1 --- r_EW-Sol [a] EW-Sol from Schuler (2) 46- 49 F4.2 [-] logN-Sol [3.04/8.87] Log of solar number abundance 51 A1 --- r_logN-Sol [a] logN-Sol from Schuler (2) 53- 57 F5.1 10-13m EW [2.9/160.9]? HD equivalent width (in mÅ) 59- 62 F4.2 [-] logN [3.06/9.23]? Log of HD number abundance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): d = Line used for hfs (hyperfine structure) tests. Note (2): a = Taken from Schuler et al. (2006AJ....131.1057S 2006AJ....131.1057S). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 2 A2 --- --- [HD] 4- 9 I6 --- HD Star name 10 A1 --- r_HD [HF] H: HET/HRS or F: ESO/FEROS for HD 52265 12- 15 I4 K Teff [5666/6205] Effective temperature 17- 18 I2 K e_Teff Teff uncertainty 20- 23 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [3.89/4.52] Surface gravity 25- 28 F4.2 [cm/s2] e_logg logg uncertainty 30- 33 F4.2 km/s Vt [1.35/2.04] Microturbulent velocity ξ 35- 38 F4.2 km/s e_Vt Vt uncertainty 40- 44 F5.3 [Sun] [FeI/H] [0.021/0.384] Log of abundance of FeI/H 46- 47 I2 --- N [44/61] Number of measured lines for [FeI/H] 49- 53 F5.3 [Sun] e_[FeI/H] Uncertainty in the mean abundance 55- 59 F5.3 [Sun] [FeII/H] Lof of abundance of FeII/H 61- 62 I2 --- N2 Number of measured lines for [FeII/H] 64- 68 F5.3 [Sun] e_[FeII/H] Uncertainty in the mean abundance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 2 A2 --- --- [HD] 4- 9 I6 --- HD Star name 10 A1 --- r_HD [HF] H: HET/HRS or F: ESO/FEROS for HD 52265 12- 16 F5.2 [Sun] [CI/H] Log of abundance of [CI/H] 18- 21 F4.2 [Sun] e_[CI/H] Log of abundance of [CI/H] uncertainty 23- 27 F5.2 [Sun] [C2/H] ? Log of abundance of [C2/H] 29- 32 F4.2 [Sun] e_[C2/H] ? [C2/H] uncertainty 34- 38 F5.2 [Sun] <[C/H]> [-0.1/0.32] Log of abundance of mean [C/H] (final adopted abundance) 40 I1 --- NC [3/7] Number of measured lines for [C/H] 42- 45 F4.2 [Sun] e_<[C/H]> Uncertainty in the mean abundance (σµ) 47- 51 F5.2 [Sun] [O/H] ? Log of abundance [O/H] ([OI]) 53- 57 F5.2 [Sun] [O/H]LTE Log of LTE abundance of [O/H] 59- 62 F4.2 [Sun] e_[O/H]LTE Error on [O/H]LTE 64- 68 F5.2 [Sun] [O/H]NLTE Log of NLTE abundance of [O/H] 70- 73 F4.2 [Sun] e_[O/H]NLTE Error on [O/H]NLTE 75- 79 F5.2 [Sun] [O/H]3 Log of abundance of [O/H] (OI Triplet) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table11.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 2 A2 --- --- [HD] 4- 9 I6 --- HD Star name 10 A1 --- m_HD [bc] Planet name (HD NNNNNN [bc]) 12 A1 --- r_HD [a] Data from exoplanet.eu (1) 14- 16 F3.1 Mjup Msini [0.2/8.5] Mass 18- 21 F4.2 AU amaj [0.05/5.33] Semi-major axis 23- 28 F6.1 d Per [3.5/4300] Period 30- 33 F4.2 --- e [0/0.72] Orbit eccentricity -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): a = Data taken from the Extrasolar Planet Encyclopedia (available at http://exoplanet.eu). For all other stars, data taken from the Exoplanet Data Explorer (available at http://exoplanets.org). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History: From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 26-Oct-2012
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