J/ApJ/751/102 Equivalent widths of 9 RGB in Carina dSph (Venn+, 2012)
Nucleosynthesis and the inhomogeneous chemical evolution of the Carina dwarf
galaxy.
Venn K.A., Shetrone M.D., Irwin M.J., Hill V., Jablonka P., Tolstoy E.,
Lemasle B., Divell M., Starkenburg E., Letarte B., Baldner C.,
Battaglia G., Helmi A., Kaufer A., Primas F.
<Astrophys. J., 751, 102 (2012)>
=2012ApJ...751..102V 2012ApJ...751..102V
ADC_Keywords: Equivalent widths ; Stars, giant ; Galaxies, nearby ;
Radial velocities ; Photometry, VRI ; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: galaxies: abundances - galaxies: dwarf - galaxies: evolution -
galaxies: individual: Carina dwarf galaxy - Local Group
Abstract:
The detailed abundances of 23 chemical elements in nine bright red
giant branch stars in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy are presented
based on high-resolution spectra gathered at the Very Large Telescope
(VLT) and Magellan telescopes. A spherical model atmospheres analysis
is applied using standard methods (local thermodynamic equilibrium and
plane-parallel radiative transfer) to spectra ranging from 380 to
680nm. Stellar parameters are found to be consistent between
photometric and spectroscopic analyses, both at moderate and high
resolution. The stars in this analysis range in metallicity from
-2.9<[Fe/H]←1.3, and adopting the ages determined by Lemasle et al.
(Cat. J/A+A/538/A100), we are able to examine the chemical evolution
of Carina's old and intermediate-aged populations.
Description:
The data presented in this paper were acquired at two observatories -
FLAMES (Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph) multiobject
spectrograph at the 8.2m UT2 (Kueyen) at the Very Large Telescope
(VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and MIKE (Magellan
Inamori Kyocera Echelle) spectrograph at the Magellan Landon 6.5m
Clay Telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory - during separate time
allocations in 2005 January.
Target selection for the Magellan run was from low-resolution spectra
of the CaII 8600Å feature (=CaT) for hundreds of stars in the
Carina dSph in the ESO archive (Koch et al. 2006, Cat. J/AJ/131/895;
Helmi et al. 2006ApJ...651L.121H 2006ApJ...651L.121H). The feature was used to ascertain
membership from radial velocities, as well as estimate an initial
metallicity for each target based on the CaT-metallicity calibration
available at that time (Battaglia et al. 2008, Cat. J/MNRAS/383/183).
On the red side, the double echelle design covers 4850-9400Å, and
on the blue side, 3800-5050Å. Using a 1.0" slit, a spectral
resolution R=28000 (blue) to R=22000 (red) was obtained.
Observations with the multi-object FLAMES spectrograph at the UT2
Kueyen ESO-VLT were carried out for nine targets in the central region
of Carina. On the red side, the double echelle design covers
5840-6815Å, and on the blue, 4800-5760Å. A 1.0" slit yields a
spectral resolution R=47000.
For the Carina members, VI magnitudes are from the ESO 2.2m WFI
photometry; initial calibrations were on the default ESO zero-point
values, but have been updated to the Johnson-Kron-Cousins scale with
Stetson's database and Gullieuszik's photometry (M. Gullieuszik 2009,
private communication).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 104 15 Observing information
table2.dat 71 316 Line list from FLAMES spectrograph (ESO/VLT)
table3.dat 81 329 Line list from MIKE spectrograph (Magellan)
table4.dat 90 15 Target information
table5.dat 54 15 Photometric parameters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/A+A/538/A100 : Abundances red giants in Carina dSph (Lemasle+, 2012)
J/AJ/135/1580 : Element abundances in ten red giants of Car dSph (Koch+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/383/183 : CaII triplet of RGB from VLT/FLAMES obs. (Battaglia+, 2008)
J/ApJ/649/201 : Velocities & Washington phot. in Carina dSph (Munoz+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/895 : Stars in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Koch+, 2006)
J/AJ/130/2677 : Stars in the Carina dSph galaxy field (Majewski+, 2005)
J/AJ/126/197 : The Carina projects. I. Variables stars (Dall'Ora+, 2003)
J/AJ/115/1856 : Dwarf Cepheids in Carina (Mateo+, 1998)
J/AJ/115/1840 : BV photometry in Carina dwarf galaxy (Hurley-Keller+ 1998)
J/AJ/114/1458 : The Carina Dwarf (Mighell 1997)
http://cadcwww.hia.nrc.ca/stetson : Peter Stetson's homogeneous photometry
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Star name
10 A1 --- Sp [MF] Spectrograph used (1)
12- 41 A30 --- OName Other designation(s)
43- 45 A3 --- Rem [KSCnX, ] Remarks (2)
47- 48 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
50- 51 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
53- 56 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
58 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
59- 60 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
62- 63 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
65- 66 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
68- 71 F4.1 arcmin Rell [3.3/11.4]? Elliptical radius from the center
of Carina
73- 79 A7 s Exp Exposure time
81- 85 F5.1 km/s RV1 [213/237]? Radial velocity from
Koch et al. 2006, Cat. J/AJ/131/895
87- 91 F5.1 km/s RV [-97/230]? High-resolution radial velocity
from this paper
93- 95 F3.1 km/s e_RV [0.6/4.1]? RV uncertainty
97- 98 I2 --- S/N4 [18/60]? Signal-to-noise ratio per pixel at
λ=4200Å
100-101 I2 --- S/N5 [11/73] Signal-to-noise ratios per pixel at
λ=5200Å
103-104 I2 --- S/N6 [15/75] Signal-to-noise ratios per pixel at
λ=6200Å
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag as follows:
M = data from the Magellan MIKE spectrograph
F = data from the FLAMES spectrograph at the VLT
Note (2): Flag as follows:
K = Stars partially analyzed by Koch et al. (2008, Cat. J/AJ/135/1580)
S = The S# target names are from P.B. Stetson's online database of
homogeneous photometry (at http://cadcwww.hia.nrc.ca/stetson).
C = C-star
n = non-member
X = Car-X is a bright target right next to Car-909, which was the actual
target.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- Ion Ion identification
7- 14 F8.3 0.1nm lambda [4798/6775] Wavelength (Å)
16- 19 F4.2 eV ExPot Excitation potential
21- 26 F6.3 [-] log(gf) Log of the oscillator strength
28- 32 F5.1 0.1pm Car484 ? Equivalent width of Car 484 (mÅ)
34 A1 --- l_Car524 Limit flag on Car524
35- 39 F5.1 0.1pm Car524 ? Equivalent width of Car 524 (mÅ)
41 A1 --- l_Car612 Limit flag on Car612
42- 46 F5.1 0.1pm Car612 ? Equivalent width of Car 612 (mÅ)
48 A1 --- f_Car612 [S] spectrum syntheses used for abundance
50 A1 --- l_Car705 Limit flag on Car705
51- 55 F5.1 0.1pm Car705 ? Equivalent width of Car 705 (mÅ)
57 A1 --- l_Car769 Limit flag on Car769
58- 62 F5.1 0.1pm Car769 ? Equivalent width of Car 769 (mÅ)
64 A1 --- l_Car1013 Limit flag on Car1013
65- 69 F5.1 0.1pm Car1013 ? Equivalent width of Car 1013 (mÅ)
71 A1 --- f_Car1013 [S] spectrum syntheses used for abundance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- Ion Ion identification
7- 14 F8.3 0.1nm lambda [3807/6775] Wavelength (Å)
16- 19 F4.2 eV ExPot Excitation potential
22- 27 F6.3 [-] log(gf) Log of the oscillator strength
29 A1 --- l_M686022 Limit flag on M686022
30- 34 F5.1 0.1pm M686022 ? Equivalent width of M68 6022 (mÅ)
36 A1 --- f_M686022 [S] spectrum syntheses used for abundance
38 A1 --- l_M686023 Limit flag on M686023
39- 43 F5.1 0.1pm M686023 ? Equivalent width of M68 6023 (mÅ)
45 A1 --- f_M686023 [S] spectrum syntheses used for abundance
47 A1 --- l_M686024 Limit flag on M686024
48- 52 F5.1 0.1pm M686024 ? Equivalent width of M68 6024 (mÅ)
54 A1 --- f_M686024 [S] spectrum syntheses used for abundance
56 A1 --- l_Car1087 Limit flag on Car1087
57- 61 F5.1 0.1pm Car1087 ? Equivalent width of Car 1087 (mÅ)
63 A1 --- f_Car1087 [S] spectrum syntheses used for abundance
65 A1 --- l_Car5070 Limit flag on Car5070
66- 70 F5.1 0.1pm Car5070 ? Equivalent width of Car 5070 (mÅ)
72 A1 --- f_Car5070 [S] spectrum syntheses used for abundance
74 A1 --- l_Car7002 Limit flag on Car7002
75- 79 F5.1 0.1pm Car7002 ? Equivalent width of Car 7002 (mÅ)
81 A1 --- f_Car7002 [S] spectrum syntheses used for abundance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Star name
10- 15 F6.3 mag Bmag1 ? B-band magnitude from P.B. Stetson (1)
17- 22 F6.3 mag Vmag1 ? V-band magnitude from P.B. Stetson (1)
24- 29 F6.3 mag Imag1 ? I-band magnitude from P.B. Stetson (1)
31- 35 F5.2 mag Vmag [17.5/18.4]? Our WFI V-band magnitude
37- 41 F5.2 mag Imag [16.1/17.2]? Our WFI I-band magnitude
43- 48 F6.3 mag Jmag [12.3/16.3] 2MASS J-band magnitude
50- 55 F6.3 mag Ksmag [11.6/15.6] 2MASS Ks-band magnitude
57- 62 F6.3 mag Bmag2 ? B-band magnitude from M. Gullieuszik (2)
64- 69 F6.3 mag Vmag2 ? V-band magnitude from M. Gullieuszik (2)
71- 76 F6.3 mag Imag2 ? I-band magnitude from M. Gullieuszik (2)
78- 83 F6.3 mag Jmag2 ? J-band magnitude from M. Gullieuszik (2)
85- 90 F6.3 mag Kmag2 ? K-band magnitude from M. Gullieuszik (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): BVI from P.B. Stetson's Web site of homogeneous photometry
(http://cadcwww.hia.nrc.ca/stetson).
Note (2): BVIJK from M. Gullieuszik (2009, private communication).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- Name Star name
10- 13 I4 K T1 [4073/4741]? Temperature determined from the
(B-V) color index (1)
15- 18 I4 K T2 [4245/4732]? Temperature determined from the
(V-I) color index (1)
20- 23 I4 K T3 [4221/4722]? Temperature determined from the
(V-J) color index (1)
25- 28 I4 K T4 [4224/4701]? Temperature determined from the
(V-K) color index (1)
30- 33 I4 K [4252/4724]? Average of the four color
temperatures
35- 37 I3 K e_ [13/134]? Standard deviation in
39- 42 F4.2 [cm/s2] logg [0.6/1.7]? Surface gravity
44- 48 F5.2 mag VMag [-2.5/-0.8]? Absolute V-band magnitude
50- 54 F5.2 mag Mbol [-3.2/-1.2]? Bolometric absolute magnitude
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Photometric temperatures are from the Ramirez & Melendez
(2005ApJ...626..465R 2005ApJ...626..465R) calibration.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Lemasle et al. Companion paper. 2012A&A...538A.100L 2012A&A...538A.100L Cat. J/A+A/538/A100
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 18-Dec-2013