J/ApJ/757/51 FIRST-2MASS dust-reddened QSO spectra (Glikman+, 2012)
FIRST-2MASS red quasars: transitional objects emerging from the dust.
Glikman E., Urrutia T., Lacy M., Djorgovski S.G., Mahabal A., Myers A.D.,
Ross N.P., Petitjean P., Ge J., Schneider D.P., York D.G.
<Astrophys. J., 757, 51 (2012)>
=2012ApJ...757...51G 2012ApJ...757...51G
ADC_Keywords: QSOs ; Spectra, infrared ; Surveys ; Photometry, VRI ;
Extinction ; Radio sources
Keywords: dust, extinction; quasars: general; surveys
Abstract:
We present a sample of 120 dust-reddened quasars identified by
matching radio sources detected at 1.4GHz in the Faint Images of the
Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters survey (FIRST) with the near-infrared
Two Micron All Sky Survey catalog (2MASS) and color-selecting red
sources. Optical and/or near-infrared spectroscopy provide broad
wavelength sampling of their spectral energy distributions that we use
to determine their reddening, characterized by E(B-V). We demonstrate
that the reddening in these quasars is best described by
Small-Magellanic-Cloud-like dust. This sample spans a wide range in
redshift and reddening (0.1≲z≲3, 0.1≲E(B-V)≲1.5), which we use to
investigate the possible correlation of luminosity with reddening. At
every redshift, dust-reddened quasars are intrinsically the most
luminous quasars. We interpret this result in the context of
merger-driven quasar/galaxy co-evolution where these reddened quasars
are revealing an emergent phase during which the heavily obscured
quasar is shedding its cocoon of dust prior to becoming a "normal"
blue quasar. When correcting for extinction, we find that, depending
on how the parent population is defined, these red quasars make up
≲15%-20% of the luminous quasar population. We estimate, based on the
fraction of objects in this phase, that its duration is 15%-20% as
long as the unobscured, blue quasar phase.
Description:
Spectroscopic observations of our red quasar candidates were performed
in the optical and/or near-infrared over the timespan of 10 years with
additional spectra from archival and published sources in the
literature. In total we obtained spectroscopy for 316 red quasar
candidates.
A total of 209 optical spectra were obtained at the W.M. Keck
Observatory with the Echellette Spectrograph and Imager and the Low
Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (LRIS), the Palomar observatory's 5m
Hale telescope with the Double Spectrograph, and the Lick
Observatory's 3m Shane telescope with the Kast spectrograph.
Additional spectra were taken from the SDSS and SDSS-III archives,
including the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey quasar survey
(Ross et al. 2012, Cat. J/ApJS/199/3).
The 170 near-infrared spectra (covering the wavelength range
∼0.9-2.5um) were obtained at the NASA IRTF with SpeX, the Palomar 5m
Hale with TripleSpec, or with TIFKAM on the 2.4m MDM telescope.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 141 395 F2M red quasar candidates
table3.dat 57 132 Line diagnostics of narrow-line spectra
spec/* . 109 *Individual spectrum in ASCII format for 109
F2M red quasars (shown in Figure 6)
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Note on spec/*: This includes all optical and near-infrared spectra obtained
for this work that have been scaled and combined when possible. Excluding from
this set are spectra from SDSS that do not have a near-infrared counterpart.
These spectra are publicly available and can be obtained directly from SDSS.
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See also:
VII/270 : SDSS quasar catalog: tenth data release (Paris+, 2014)
VIII/90 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 12Feb16 (Becker+ 2012)
V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)
I/305 : The Guide Star Catalog, Version 2.3.2 (GSC2.3) (STScI, 2006)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
J/MNRAS/430/3445 : Covering factor of warm dust in quasars (Ma+, 2013)
J/ApJ/753/125 : NIR spectroscopy follow-up of 60 SDSS-DR7 QSOs (Shen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/698/1095 : The FIRST-2MASS red QSO survey. II. (Urrutia+, 2009)
J/ApJ/697/182 : Dust emission from unobscured AGN (Thompson+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/383/1513 : 2MASS, SDSS and FIRST fluxes of QSOs (Labita+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/382/412 : Catalog of SDSS-DR5/2MASS spectroscopic quasars (Ofek, 2007)
J/ApJ/667/673 : FIRST-2MASS red quasar survey (Glikman+, 2007)
J/AJ/130/1345 : Optical-infrared colors of CORALS QSOs (Ellison+, 2005)
J/MNRAS/354/L31 : SDSS DR2 QSO and DLA properties (Murphy+, 2004)
J/ApJ/607/60 : FIRST-2MASS faint sources (Glikman+, 2004)
J/ApJS/135/227 : The FIRST bright quasar survey. III. (Becker+, 2001)
http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~mike/apmcat/ : Online APM catalog
http://www.sdss.org/ : SDSS home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
4- 5 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
7- 11 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
13 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
14- 15 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
17- 18 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
20- 23 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
25- 26 A2 --- Sp [Sp] Sp: Spectrum available in spec directory
(column added by CDS)
28- 32 F5.2 mag Bmag [12/23] GSC II (Cat. I/305) blue magnitude
34- 38 F5.2 mag Rmag [16/21] GSC II (Cat. I/305) red magnitude
40- 44 F5.2 mag Jmag [13/19] 2MASS J band magnitude
46- 50 F5.2 mag Hmag [12/18] 2MASS H band magnitude
52- 56 F5.2 mag Ksmag [11/16] 2MASS Ks band magnitude
58- 64 F7.2 mJy Fpeak FIRST catalog 1.4GHz peak flux density
66- 72 F7.2 mJy Fint FIRST catalog 1.4GHz integrated flux density
74- 77 F4.2 mag J-Ks The (J-Ks) color index
79- 82 F4.2 mag R-Ks [4/7.3] The (R-Ks) color index
84- 89 F6.3 --- z [0/3.05]?=-9.99 Redshift
90 A1 --- u_z [?] Uncertainty flag on z
92-103 A12 --- Class Classification: BLLac, Galaxy, QSO, Sey=Seyfert,
Starb=Starburst galaxy, ULIRG=Ultr-Luminous IR
galaxy, NLAGN=Narrow-Line AGN, or star/combined
105-111 A7 --- Opt Optical observation run code (1)
113-121 A9 --- NIR Near-IR observation run code (2)
123-141 A19 --- BibCode Reference using the ADS/CDS/NED bibcode (3)
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Note (1): Optical observation run code as follows:
O1 = ESI 2000 July;
O2 = ESI 2000 August;
O3 = ESI 2001 March;
O4 = ESI 2001 May;
O5 = ESI 2001 June;
O6 = ESI 2002 January;
O7 = ESI 2002 February;
O8 = ESI 2002 March;
O9 = ESI 2002 April;
O10 = ESI 2002 December;
O11 = ESI 2003 February;
O12 = ESI 2004 March;
O13 = ESI 2005 January;
O14 = LRIS 1999 August;
O15 = LRIS 2000 February;
O16 = LRIS 2003 June;
O17 = Kast 1998 December;
O18 = Kast 2000 September;
O19 = Kast 2001 June;
O20 = SDSS Spectrum;
O21 = Double Spectrograph 2006 April.
O22 = Double Spectrograph 2007 December.
O23 = Double Spectrograph 2008 March.
O24 = SDSS3 Spectrum;
Note (2): Near-IR observation run code as follows:
IR1 = SpeX 2002 May;
IR2 = Spex 2002 October;
IR3 = Spex 2003 April;
IR4 = Spex 2003 September;
IR5 = Spex 2004 May;
IR6 = Spex 2004 June;
IR7 = Spex 2004 September;
IR8 = TIFKAM 2002 April;
IR9 = SpeX 2007;
IR10 = SpeX 2008 April;
IR11 = TSpec 2008 April;
IR12 = TSpec 2009 March.
IR13 = TSpec 2011 September.
Note (3): In the format YYYYJJJJJVVVVMPPPPA where YYYY is the publication
year, JJJJJ is the journal abreviation, VVVV is the volume, M is the
journal section, PPPP is the journal page, and A is the last name of
the first author.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [F2M]
4- 21 A18 --- F2M F2M Quasar identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)
23- 27 F5.3 --- z [0.1/3.1] Redshift
29- 33 F5.2 mag Kmag [11.4/16] 2MASS Ks band magnitude
35- 39 F5.2 mag AK [-0.4/1.3] Extinction in the K band
41 A1 --- l_R-Ks Limit flag on R-Ks
42- 45 F4.2 mag R-Ks The (R-Ks) color index
47- 51 F5.2 mag E(B-V) Color excess
53- 57 A5 --- Spec Spectrum used: IR, Opt. or Comb.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: spec/*
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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6- 13 F8.2 0.1nm lambda [4000/26000] Wavelength in Angstroms
15- 26 E12.7 cW/m2/nm Flux ? Flux in in erg/s/cm2/Å
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Nomemclature note:
Quasars are <F2M JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s> in Simbad.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Glikman et al. Paper I. 2004ApJ...607...60G 2004ApJ...607...60G Cat. J/ApJ/607/60
Glikman et al. Paper II. 2007ApJ...667..673G 2007ApJ...667..673G Cat. J/ApJ/667/673
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 21-May-2014