J/ApJ/758/31 IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012)
The disk population of the Upper Scorpius association.
Luhman K.L., Mamajek E.E.
<Astrophys. J., 758, 31 (2012)>
=2012ApJ...758...31L 2012ApJ...758...31L
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, infrared ; Spectral types ; Stars, pre-main sequence
Keywords: accretion, accretion disks; brown dwarfs; protoplanetary disks;
stars: formation; stars: low-mass; stars: pre-main sequence
Abstract:
We present photometry at 3-24µm for all known members of the Upper
Scorpius association (τ∼11Myr) based on all images of these
objects obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Wide-field
Infrared Survey Explorer. We have used these data to identify the
members that exhibit excess emission from circumstellar disks and
estimate the evolutionary stages of these disks. Through this
analysis, we have found ∼50 new candidates for transitional, evolved,
and debris disks. The fraction of members harboring inner primordial
disks is ≲10% for B-G stars (M>1.2M☉) and increases with later
types to a value of ∼25% at ≳M5 (M≲0.2 M☉), in agreement with
the results of previous disk surveys of smaller samples of Upper Sco
members. These data indicate that the lifetimes of disks are longer at
lower stellar masses and that a significant fraction of disks of
low-mass stars survive for at least ∼10Myr. Finally, we demonstrate
that the distribution of excess sizes in Upper Sco and the much
younger Taurus star-forming region (τ∼1Myr) is consistent with the
same, brief timescale for clearing of inner disks.
Description:
For our census of disks in Upper Sco, we make use of images at 3.6,
4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um obtained with Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera
(IRAC) and images at 24um obtained with the Multiband Imaging
Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). These data were obtained through
Guaranteed Time programs 19 (J. Houck), 40, 58 (G. Rieke), 72 (F.
Low), and 84 (M. Jura), Director's Discretionary Time program 248 (S.
Mohanty), Legacy programs 139, 173, 177 (N. Evans), 148 (M. Meyer),
and 30574 (L. Allen), and General Observer programs 20069 (J.
Carpenter), 20103 (L. Hillenbrand), 20146 (K. Gordon), 20435 (R.
Jayawardhana), 20803 (S. Mohanty), 30765 (K. Stapelfeldt), 50025 (P.
Harvey), 50554 (I. Song), and 80187 (K. Luhman).
In addition to the pointed Spitzer observations, we utilize mid-IR
photometry from the all-sky imaging survey by WISE. The bands of WISE
are centered at 3.4, 4.6, 12, and 22um, which are denoted as W1
through W4 (Wright et al. 2010AJ....140.1868W 2010AJ....140.1868W). The angular resolution
of the WISE images is ∼6" in the first three bands and ∼12" in W4.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 305 863 Data for members of Upper Sco
refs.dat 99 43 References
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See also:
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
III/117 : MK Classifications of Close Visual Binaries (Corbally, 1984)
J/MNRAS/431/3222 : UKIDSS GCS Upper Sco members (Lodieu, 2013)
J/MNRAS/429/903 : New brown dwarf discs in Upper Scorpius (Dawson+, 2013)
J/ApJ/756/133 : ScoCen debris disks around B- and A-type stars (Chen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/749/79 : Transition disks. II. Southern MoC (Romero+, 2012)
J/ApJ/746/154 : Kinematic parallaxes for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)
J/ApJ/745/56 : Upper Sco members rotational velocities (Dahm+, 2012)
J/ApJ/738/122 : ScoCen debris disks Around F- and G-type stars (Chen+, 2011)
J/A+A/527/A24 : Spectra of low-mass stars in Upper Sco (Lodieu+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/418/1231 : New brown dwarfs in upper Sco (Dawson+, 2011)
J/A+A/504/981 : Proper motions of cool stars in Upper Sco OB (Bouy+, 2009)
J/ApJ/705/1646 : Debris disks in Upper Sco (Carpenter+, 2009)
J/ApJ/703/1511 : Wide binaries in Taurus and Upper Sco (Kraus+, 2009)
J/ApJ/699/649 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. I. (Shkolnik+, 2009)
J/ApJ/688/377 : Low-mass objects in Upper Scorpius. II. (Slesnick+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/374/372 : ZYJHK photometry in Upper Sco (Lodieu+, 2007)
J/MNRAS/373/95 : ZYJHK survey of Upper Sco association (Lodieu+, 2006)
J/A+A/460/695 : Search for Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)
J/ApJ/651/L49 : Upper Sco OB association IRAC observations (Carpenter+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/866 : New M dwarfs in solar neighborhood (Riaz+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/3016 : Low-mass objects in Upper Scorpius (Slesnick+, 2006)
J/AJ/129/856 : Herbig Ae/Be stars in nearby OB associations (Hernandez+, 2005)
J/AJ/124/404 : Upper Scorpius OB association Li survey. II. (Preibisch, 2002)
J/AJ/121/1040 : PMS members of upper Scorpius OB association (Preibisch+, 2001)
J/AJ/120/479 : Low-mass stars in the Upper Sco association (Ardila+, 2000)
J/A+A/333/619 : Upper Scorpius OB association Lithium survey (Preibisch+ 1998)
http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/all/spitzmastr.html : Spitzer obs. log
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 28 A28 --- Name Source name (1)
30- 72 A43 --- OName ? Other source names (2)
74- 96 A23 --- SpType MK spectral type
98-110 A13 --- r_SpType Spectral type reference (see refs.dat file)
112-119 A8 --- SpT Adopted MK spectral type
121-125 F5.2 mag [3.6] ? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6µm band magnitude
127-130 F4.2 mag e_[3.6] ? Error in 3.6 magnitude
132-136 A5 --- f_[3.6] ? Flag on [3.6] band magnitude (3)
138-142 F5.2 mag [4.5] ? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5µm band magnitude
144-147 F4.2 mag e_[4.5] ? Error in 4.5 magnitude
149-153 A5 --- f_[4.5] ? Flag on [4.5] band magnitude (3)
155-159 F5.2 mag [5.8] ? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8µm band magnitude
161-164 F4.2 mag e_[5.8] ? Error in 5.8 magnitude
166-170 A5 --- f_[5.8] ? Flag on [5.8] band magnitude (3)
172-176 F5.2 mag [8.0] ? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0µm band magnitude
178-181 F4.2 mag e_[8.0] ? Error in 8.0 magnitude
183-187 A5 --- f_[8.0] ? Flag on [8.0] band magnitude (3)
189-193 F5.2 mag [24] ? Spitzer/MIPS 24µm band magnitude
195-198 F4.2 mag e_[24] ? Error in 24 magnitude
200-204 A5 --- f_[24] ? Flag on [24] band magnitude (3)
206-210 F5.2 mag W1mag ? WISE W1 (3.4um) band magnitude (4)
212-215 F4.2 mag e_W1mag ? Error in W1 magnitude
217-221 A5 --- f_W1mag ? Flag on W1 band magnitude (3)
223-227 F5.2 mag W2mag ? WISE W2 (4.6um) band magnitude (4)
229-232 F4.2 mag e_W2mag ? Error in W2 magnitude
234-238 A5 --- f_W2mag ? Flag on W2 band magnitude (3)
240-244 F5.2 mag W3mag ? WISE W3 (12um) band magnitude (4)
246-249 F4.2 mag e_W3mag ? Error in W3 magnitude
251-255 A5 --- f_W3mag ? Flag on W3 band magnitude (3)
257-261 F5.2 mag W4mag ? WISE W4 (22um) band magnitude (4)
263-266 F4.2 mag e_W4mag ? Error in W4 magnitude
268-272 A5 --- f_W4mag ? Flag on W4 band magnitude (3)
274 A1 --- E4.5 [NY] Excess present in [4.5]?
276 A1 --- E8.0 [NY] Excess present in [8.0]?
278-279 A2 --- E24 [NY? ] Excess present in [24]?
281-282 A2 --- EW2 [NY? ] Excess present in W2?
284-285 A2 --- EW3 [NY? ] Excess present in W3?
287-288 A2 --- EW4 [NY? ] Excess present in W4?
290-305 A16 --- DType ? Disk type
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Note (1): Coordinate-based identifications from the 2MASS Point Source
Catalog when available. Otherwise, identifications from
Allers et al. (2007ApJ...657..511A 2007ApJ...657..511A) and Lodieu et al. (2007,
Cat. J/MNRAS/374/372) are listed.
Note (2): Designations from the Hipparcos Catalog (van Leeuwen 2007, Cat. I/311)
and the Henry Draper Catalog and other frequently used names.
Note (3): Flag as follows:
nodet = non-detection;
sat = saturated;
out = outside of the camera's field of view;
bl = photometry may be affected by blending with a nearby star;
ext = photometry is known or suspected to be contaminated by extended
emission (no data given when extended emission dominates);
bin = includes an unresolved binary companion;
unres = too close to a brighter star to be detected;
false = detection from WISE catalog that appears false or unreliable
based on visual inspection;
err = W2 magnitudes brighter than ∼6mag are erroneous.
Note (4): W1 and W2 are from the All-Sky Source Catalog and W3 and W4 are
from the Preliminary Release Source Catalog.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 44 A21 --- Aut Author's name(s)
46- 99 A54 --- Comm Comment
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 02-Jul-2014