J/ApJ/764/133 Auriga-California giant molecular cloud (Harvey+, 2013)
A first look at the Auriga-California giant molecular cloud with Herschel and
the CSO: census of the young stellar objects and the dense gas.
Harvey P.M., Fallscheer C., Ginsburg A., Terebey S., Andre P., Bourke T.L.,
Di Francesco J., Konyves V., Matthews B.C., Peterson D.E.
<Astrophys. J., 764, 133 (2013)>
=2013ApJ...764..133H 2013ApJ...764..133H
ADC_Keywords: Molecular clouds ; Infrared sources ; Photometry, infrared ; YSOs
Keywords: infrared: ISM, ISM: clouds, ISM: structure, stars: formation
Abstract:
We have mapped the Auriga/California molecular cloud with the Herschel
PACS and SPIRE cameras and the Bolocam 1.1mm camera on the Caltech
Submillimeter Observatory with the eventual goal of quantifying the
star formation and cloud structure in this giant molecular cloud (GMC)
that is comparable in size and mass to the Orion GMC, but which
appears to be forming far fewer stars. We have tabulated 60 compact
70/160 µm sources that are likely pre-main-sequence objects and
correlated those with Spitzer and WISE mid-IR sources. At 1.1 mm, we
find 18 cold, compact sources and discuss their properties. The most
important result from this part of our study is that we find a modest
number of additional compact young objects beyond those identified at
shorter wavelengths with Spitzer.
Description:
Table2 lists the positions and 70/160 microns c2dphot flux
determinations of the final list of 60 objects found at 70µm that
appear to be reliable young members of the Auriga-California giant
Molecular Cloud (AMC). The uncertainties listed are the statistical
uncertainties of the measurements only. For those sources that are
also identified in the Spitzer Gould Belt data set, the 24µm
Spitzer flux is given, and if that is not available, then the 22µm
WISE (Wright et al., 2010AJ....140.1868W 2010AJ....140.1868W) flux is listed if available.
The objects identified as YSO candidates by H. Broekhoven-Fiene et al.
(2014ApJ...786...37B 2014ApJ...786...37B, 2015ApJ...798...65B 2015ApJ...798...65B) are indicated, and where
possible we list the object type shown by SIMBAD. Note that we think
it unlikely that the four objects listed as "PN?" are truly evolved
objects based on both their photometry and location in the AMC cloud.
We have extended the classification to "Class 0" to signify the most
dust-enshrouded objects as suggested by Andre et al.
(1993ApJ...406..122A 1993ApJ...406..122A).
We used the Bolocam imager at a wavelength of 1.1mm to map much of the
area covered in our Herschel observations during the nights of 2011
November 14-16. We utilized observing techniques similar to those used
for the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) as described by Aguirre
et al. (2011ApJS..192....4A 2011ApJS..192....4A) and A. Ginsburg et al. (2013ApJS..208...14G 2013ApJS..208...14G).
In addition to this large-scale mapping, we also observed a small area
centered on one of the strong Spitzer sources to the northwest of the
scanned region, SSTGB04012455+4101490, for which we have no
corresponding Herschel data.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 124 60 Herschel source fluxes and derived quantities
table3.dat 81 19 Compact source fluxes detected at 1.1mm with
peak S/N>2
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See also:
VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- SRC [1/60] Running number (<[HFG2013] NN> in Simbad)
4 A1 --- YSO [Y] Y = YSO candidate identified by
H. Broekhoven-Fiene et al. (2014ApJ...786...37B 2014ApJ...786...37B
and 2015ApJ...798...65B 2015ApJ...798...65B)
9- 11 A3 --- OType SIMBAD object type
14- 21 F8.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 30 F8.5 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
32- 35 A4 --- MIR [SpGB,WISE] Source of MIR data:
SpGB=Spitzer 24µm, WISE=22µm
37- 41 F5.2 --- alpha Spectral slope α =
dlog(λFλ)/dlog(λ)
43- 45 A3 --- Class YSO Class (1)
47- 51 F5.2 Lsun Lbol Total Luminosity (2)
53- 55 I3 K Tbol Bolometric Temperature (2)
57- 64 F8.2 mJy F24 PSF flux density Fν 22/24µm
66- 72 F7.2 mJy e_F24 Mean error on F24
74- 80 F7.1 mJy F70 Herschel PSF flux density Fν 70µm (3)
82- 87 F6.1 mJy e_F70 Mean error on F70
89- 95 F7.1 mJy F70a ?=-999 Aperture flux density Fν 70µm (3)
97-100 I4 mJy e_F70a ?=-999 Mean error on F70a
102-108 F7.1 mJy F160 ?=-999 PSF flux density Fν 160µm PSF (3)
110-113 I4 mJy e_F160 ?=-999 Mean error on F160
115-119 I5 mJy F160a ?=-999 Aperture flux density Fν 160µm (3)
121-124 I4 mJy e_F160a ?=-999 Mean error on F160a
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Note (1): Based on the nomenclature of Lada (1987IAUS..115....1L 1987IAUS..115....1L) extended
to Class 0 by Andre et al. 1993ApJ...406..122A 1993ApJ...406..122A):
0 = the most dust-enshrouded objects (not detectable at λ<20µm)
I = sources with α>0.3
F = flat spectrum (-0.3<α<0.3)
II = sources with -1.6≪α←0.3
Note (2): as defined by Myers & Ladd (1993ApJ...413L..47M 1993ApJ...413L..47M)
Note (3): Absolute calibration uncertainty estimated as ±15% for all
Herschel photometry
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 5 A5 --- CSO Source number or SSTGB
(<[HFG2013] CSO NN> in Simbad) (1)
7- 8 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
13- 16 F4.1 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
18 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000)
19- 20 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000)
22- 23 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
25- 26 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
28- 38 A11 --- SRC Herschel source(s)
40- 43 F4.2 Jy Fnu [0.4/7.5] 1.1mm flux density fit
45- 48 F4.2 Jy e_Fnu [0.07/0.8] Fnu uncertainty
50- 53 F4.2 Jy Fnu40 [0.1/1.3] 1.1mm flux density at 40" aperture
55- 59 F5.3 Jy e_Fnu40 [0.02/0.2] Fnu40 uncertainty
61- 64 F4.2 Jy Fnu80 [0.4/2.3] 1.1mm flux density at 80" aperture
66- 70 F5.3 Jy e_Fnu80 [0.05/0.4] Fnu80 uncertainty
72- 75 F4.2 Jy Fnu120 [0.6/4] 1.1mm flux density at 120" aperture
77- 81 F5.3 Jy e_Fnu120 [0.08/0.6] Fnu120 uncertainty
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Note (1): SSTGB corresponds to the strong Spitzer source to the northwest of
the scanned region, SSTGB04012455+4101490, for which we have no
corresponding Herschel data. See section 2.2.
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Acknowledgements:
Paul Harvey, pmh(at)astro.as.utexas.edu
History:
* 15-Jun-2014: Insert into VizieR
* 09-Feb-2015: Table 3 added from electronic version
(End) M. del Mar Sierra [[Herschel Science Center], P. Vannier [CDS] 20-Nov-2013