J/ApJ/771/85 Dynamical masses of z∼2 quiescent galaxies (van de Sande+, 2013)
Stellar kinematics of z∼2 galaxies and the inside-out growth of quiescent
galaxies.
van de Sande J., Kriek M., Franx M., van Dokkum P.G., Bezanson R.,
Bouwens R.J., Quadri R.F., Rix H.-W., Skelton R.E.
<Astrophys. J., 771, 85 (2013)>
=2013ApJ...771...85V 2013ApJ...771...85V
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, spectra ; Redshifts ; Infrared sources ;
Velocity dispersion
Keywords: cosmology: observations; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation
Abstract:
Using stellar kinematics measurements, we investigate the growth of
massive, quiescent galaxies from z∼2 to today. We present X-Shooter
spectra from the UV to NIR and dynamical mass measurements of five
quiescent massive (>1011M☉) galaxies at z∼2. This triples the
sample of z>1.5 galaxies with well-constrained
(δσ<100km/s) velocity dispersion measurements. From
spectral population synthesis modeling we find that these galaxies
have stellar ages that range from 0.5 to 2Gyr, with no signs of
ongoing star formation. We measure velocity dispersions (290-450km/s)
from stellar absorption lines and find that they are 1.6-2.1 times
higher than those of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at the
same mass. Sizes are measured using GALFIT from Hubble Space Telescope
Wide Field Camera 3 H160 and UDS K-band images. The dynamical masses
correspond well to the spectral energy distribution based stellar
masses, with dynamical masses that are ∼15% higher.
Description:
The galaxies in this paper are drawn from the NEWFIRM MBS-I (Whitaker
et al. 2010ApJ...719.1715W 2010ApJ...719.1715W) and the UKIDSS-UDS (UDS, Williams et al.
2009ApJ...691.1879W 2009ApJ...691.1879W). They were selected to be bright in the H band,
and to have z>1.4, in order to obtain sufficient S/N.
Four different imaging data sets are used to measure the surface
brightness profiles of our galaxies, as summarized below.
(1) All our targets in the NMBS-I COSMOS field were observed with
HST-WFC3 H160 as part of the program HST-GO-12167 (PI: Franx). The
drizzled images have a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the
point-spread function (PSF) of ∼0.16".
(2) Our NMBS-I targets are complemented with HST-ACS I814 imaging
from COSMOS (ver. 2.0; Koekemoer et al. 2007ApJS..172..196K 2007ApJS..172..196K;
Massey et al. 2010MNRAS.401..371M 2010MNRAS.401..371M), which has a PSF-FWHM of ∼0.11".
(3) For UDS-29410, we make use of the HST-ACS F814W, HST-WFC3 J125,
and H160 from UDS-CANDELS (Grogin et al. 2011ApJS..197...35G 2011ApJS..197...35G;
Koekemoer et al. 2011ApJS..197...36K 2011ApJS..197...36K). These data have the same
properties as the data described in (1) and (2).
(4) For UDS-19627, we use ground-based data from UKIDSS-UDS (Lawrence
et al. 2007MNRAS.379.1599L 2007MNRAS.379.1599L; Warren et al. 2007MNRAS.375..213W 2007MNRAS.375..213W) Data
Release 8 in the J, H, and K bands, as no HST data are available. The
FWHM of the PSF is 0.7" in the K band.
Spectroscopic observations were performed with X-Shooter on the VLT
UT2. The wavelength coverage ranges from 3000 to 24800Å in one
single exposure and the observations were carried out between 2010
January and 2011 March (programs: Fynbo 084.A-0303(D), van de Sande
084.A-1082(A), Franx 085.A-0962(A), and Toft 086.B-0955(A)).
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 102 73 Compilation of masses and structural parameters
for high-redshift galaxies
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See also:
B/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/314 : UKIDSS-DR8 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
J/ApJS/207/24 : GOODS-S CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Guo+, 2013)
J/ApJ/763/73 : Surface density profiles of GOODS-S gal. (Szomoru+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/427/1666 : Massive galaxies in CANDELS-UDS field (Bruce+, 2012)
J/ApJ/749/121 : Surface brightness profiles of z=2 galaxies (Szomoru+, 2012)
J/ApJ/735/86 : NEWFIRM MBS: photometric catalogs (Whitaker+, 2011)
J/ApJ/720/723 : Compact galaxies in the local universe (Taylor+, 2010)
J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)
J/ApJ/682/985 : FIREWORKS photometry of GOODS CDF-S (Wuyts+, 2008)
J/AJ/131/1891 : Phot. survey of MS 1054-03 field (Foerster-Schreiber+, 2006)
J/ApJ/644/30 : HST Observations of 2 high-z clusters (Blakeslee+, 2006)
J/ApJ/633/174 : Spheroidals and bulge dominated galaxies (Treu+, 2005)
http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/SDSS/DR7/ : MPA-JHU DR7 SDSS spectra data
http://www.sdss.org/ : SDSS home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 I1 --- Ref ? Paper Reference (1)
3- 8 A6 --- ID Galaxy ID as given in Paper
9 A1 --- f_ID Flag on ID (2)
11- 15 F5.3 --- zsp [0.8/2.2] Spectroscopic redshift
17- 21 F5.2 kpc re [0.6/14] Physical circularized radius
23- 26 F4.2 kpc e_re Error re
28- 31 F4.2 --- n [1.4/5.3] Sersic index
33- 36 F4.2 --- e_n Error in n
38- 43 F6.2 --- q [0/1]?=-99 Axis ratio q=b/a
45- 50 F6.2 --- e_q ?=-99 Error in q
52- 54 I3 km/s sigma [96/544] Effective velocity dispersion σ
56- 58 I3 km/s E_sigma Upper error for sigma
60- 62 I3 km/s e_sigma Lower error for sigma
64- 68 F5.3 --- ap.c [0.9/1.3] Aperture correction factor on sigma
70- 73 F4.2 --- kn [5/8] Dynamical virial constant β(n) (3)
75- 79 F5.2 [Msun] logMdyn [10.3/12.3] Log of dynamical mass
81- 84 F4.2 [Msun] E_logMdyn Upper error in logMdyn
86- 89 F4.2 [Msun] e_logMdyn Lower error in logMdyn
91- 95 F5.2 [Msun] logM* [10.5/12] Log of stellar mass
97-102 A6 --- Filt Filter used to derive the effective radius
(F160W, F775W, F814W, F850LP or K)
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
0 = This Work;
1 = Bezanson et al. 2013ApJ...764L...8B 2013ApJ...764L...8B;
2 = van dokkum et al. 2009Natur.460..717V 2009Natur.460..717V (<[QMV2007] 1255 0> in Simbad);
3 = Onodera et al. 2012ApJ...755...26O 2012ApJ...755...26O; (<[ORC2012] NNNNNN> in Simbad);
4 = Cappellari et al. 2009ApJ...704L..34C 2009ApJ...704L..34C;
5 = Newman et al. 2010ApJ...717L.103N 2010ApJ...717L.103N; (<[NET2010] {E/S/GN}N> in Simbad);
6 = van der Wel et al. 2008ApJ...688...48V 2008ApJ...688...48V & Blakeslee et al. 2006,
Cat. J/ApJ/644/30);
7 = Toft et al. 2012ApJ...754....3T 2012ApJ...754....3T (<[SSS2008] UDS 19627> in Simbad).
Note (2): Flag as follows:
a = DEIMOS observation (from Newman et al. 2010ApJ...717L.103N 2010ApJ...717L.103N).
b = Systems with strong Balmer absorption (in Newman et al.
2010ApJ...717L.103N 2010ApJ...717L.103N).
c = Coordinates have been sent by the author. Note that IDs originated from
a early version of the NMBS catalogs (version 3.4) so they are not the
same ones in Whitaker+, 2011, J/ApJ/735/86
Note (3): Here, β(n) is an analytic expression as a function of the
Sersic index, as described by Cappellari et al. (2006MNRAS.366.1126C 2006MNRAS.366.1126C)
Equation (2): β(n)=8.87-0.831n+0.0241n2.
This is computed from theoretical predictions for β from
spherical isotropic models described by the Sersic profile, for
different values of n, and integrated to one re (cf. Bertin et al.
2002A&A...386..149B 2002A&A...386..149B). The use of a Sersic-dependent virial constant
β(n) gives a better correspondence between Mdyn and M* for
galaxies in the SDSS (Taylor et al. 2010ApJ...722....1T 2010ApJ...722....1T).
See section 3.4.
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Acknowledgement:
Jesse van de Sande (Leiden Observatory/NL) for the coordinates of the
early version of the NMBS catalog.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 19-Jan-2015