J/ApJ/778/15 SAGE-SMC III. Young stellar objects (Sewilo+, 2013)
Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the tidally stripped, low
metallicity Small Magellanic Cloud (SAGE-SMC).
III. Young stellar objects.
Sewilo M., Carlson L.R., Seale J.P., Indebetouw R., Meixner M.,
Whitney B.A., Robitaille T.P., Oliveira J.M., Gordon K., Meade M.R.,
Babler B.L., Hora J.L., Block M., Misselt K., van Loon J.TH., Chen C.-H.R.,
Churchwell E., Shiao B.
<Astrophys. J., 778, 15 (2013)>
=2013ApJ...778...15S 2013ApJ...778...15S
ADC_Keywords: Magellanic Clouds ; Photometry, infrared ; YSOs ;
Photometry, UBVRI ; Surveys
Keywords: circumstellar matter; galaxies: dwarf; infrared: stars;
Magellanic Clouds; stars: formation; stars: pre-main sequence
Abstract:
The Spitzer Space Telescope Legacy Program SAGE-SMC allows global
studies of resolved stellar populations in the SMC in a different
environment than our Galaxy. Using the SAGE-SMC IRAC (3.6-8.0µm)
and MIPS (24 and 70µm) catalogs and images combined with
near-infrared (JHKs) and optical (UBVI) data, we identified a
population of ∼1000 intermediate - to high-mass young stellar objects
(YSOs) in the SMC (three times more than previously known). Our method
of identifying YSO candidates builds on the method developed for the
Large Magellanic Cloud by Whitney et al. (2008, J/AJ/136/18) with
improvements based on what we learned from our subsequent studies and
techniques described in the literature. We perform (1) color-magnitude
cuts based on five color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), (2) visual
inspection of multi-wavelength images, and (3) spectral energy
distribution (SED) fitting with YSO models. For each YSO candidate, we
use its photometry to calculate a measure of our confidence that the
source is not a non-YSO contaminant, but rather a true YSO, based on
the source's location in the color-magnitude space with respect to
non-YSOs. We use this CMD score and the SED fitting results to define
two classes of sources: high-reliability YSO candidates and possible
YSO candidates. We found that, due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
emission, about half of our sources have [3.6]-[4.5] and [4.5]-[5.8]
colors not predicted by previous YSO models. The YSO candidates are
spatially correlated with gas tracers.
Description:
The sensitivity and resolution of Spitzer, combined with the proximity
of the SMC, allowed observations of the protostars and small clusters
at sub-parsec resolution (∼2" or ∼0.6pc) at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um
with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and at resolutions of 6"
(∼1.7pc), 18" (∼5.2pc), and 40" (∼11.6pc) at 24, 70, and 160"m,
respectively, with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS).
The Spitzer Legacy Project Surveying the Agents of Galaxy Evolution in
the Tidally Stripped, Low Metallicity Small Magellanic Cloud
(SAGE-SMC; Gordon et al., Paper I, 2011AJ....142..102G 2011AJ....142..102G) imaged a 30
square degree region of the SMC in the IRAC (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um)
and MIPS (24, 70, and 160um) bands. The SAGE-SMC survey covered the
full SMC including the bar, wing, and the Magellanic Bridge (tail).
We use HI, Hα, and CO images to study the spatial correlation of
the YSO candidates with the neutral, ionized, and molecular gas,
respectively. See section 3.4.
To provide photometry for the SAGE-SMC IRAC catalog sources (already
matched to MIPS 24um catalog) over a broader wavelength range (from
optical to 24um), the IRAC and MIPS catalogs were cross-matched to the
Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey (MCPS; Zaritsky et al. 2002,
J/AJ/123/855; UBVI filters), the OGLE-III Photometric Maps of the
Small Magellanic Cloud containing V and I photometry (Udalski et al.
2008AcA....58..329U 2008AcA....58..329U) and the Infrared Survey Facility (IRSF)
Magellanic Clouds Point Source Survey (Kato et al. 2007, II/288; JHKs
filters). See Appendix B.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 491 742 The 0.3-24 micron photometry of "high-reliability"
YSO candidates in the SMC
table2.dat 491 242 The 0.3-24 micron photometry of "possible" YSO
candidates in the SMC
table3.dat 312 40 *The 1.25-24 micron aperture photometry of possible
YSO candidate clusters in the SMC
table5.dat 157 452 Physical parameters of the high-reliability YSO
candidates well-fitted with the YSO models
table6.dat 220 323 Previous classifications of the YSO candidates
table7.dat 30 1024 HI, CO, and Hα image pixel values at the
position of YSO and YSO cluster candidates
table8.dat 693 922 Data from the MCPS, OGLE-III, IRSF, 2MASS, and
Spitzer SAGE-SMC point source catalogs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on table3.dat: 40 MIPS 24um sources, with no IRAC matches, correspond to
multiple IRAC sources and may be YSO candidate clusters.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
VII/258 : Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (13th Ed.) (Veron+ 2010)
II/305 : SAGE LMC and SMC IRAC Source Catalog (IPAC 2009)
II/288 : IRSF Magellanic Clouds Point Source Catalog (Kato+ 2007)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/ApJ/771/111 : SMC dusty OB stars. I. Optical spectroscopy (Sheets+, 2013)
J/A+A/551/A78 : The Magellanic Bridge Catalog of Stars (Bagheri+, 2013)
J/A+A/542/A66 : YSOs in 9 LMC star forming regions (Carlson+, 2012)
J/AJ/142/103 : Cool evolved stars in SAGE-SMC (Boyer+, 2011)
J/ApJS/194/22 : Magellanic QSOs Survey: QSOs behind SMC (Kozlowski+, 2011)
J/ApJS/194/14 : A Pan-Carina YSO catalog (Povich+, 2011)
J/ApJ/730/78 : Hubble and Spitzer photometry of NGC 602 (Carlson+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/411/1597 : LMC point source classification in SAGE-Spec (Woods+, 2011)
J/AJ/140/416 : IR photometry of massive stars in the SMC (Bonanos+, 2010)
J/A+A/518/L73 : Youngest massive protostars in the LMC (Sewilo+, 2010)
J/ApJS/184/172 : High- and intermediate-mass YSOs in the LMC (Gruendl+, 2009)
J/ApJ/699/150 : Spectral classifications of YSOs in LMC (Seale+, 2009)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/ApJ/695/511 : Young massive stars in LHA 120-N 44 (Chen+, 2009)
J/AJ/136/2782 : Star formation efficiency in nearby galaxies (Leroy+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/389/678 : Extended objects in Magellanic Clouds (Bica+, 2008)
J/AJ/136/18 : LMC SAGE. New candidate YSOs (Whitney+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/383/330 : Chandra Small Magellanic Cloud Wing Survey (McGowan+, 2008)
J/ApJ/669/327 : S3MC: YSOs in N66, in SMC (Simon+, 2007)
J/ApJ/664/53 : UV photometry of GALEX QSO candidates (Atlee+, 2007)
J/ApJ/655/212 : S3MC IRAC and MIPS photometry (Bolatto+, 2007)
J/AJ/132/2268 : SAGE calibration stars (Meixner+, 2006)
J/ApJ/652/458 : BVRHα of candidates Be stars (Wisniewski+, 2006)
J/AJ/127/1531 : Star formation history of SMC (Harris+, 2004)
J/MNRAS/339/105 : Western Magellanic Bridge HI observations (Muller+, 2003)
J/AJ/123/3216 : BV photometry of variable stars in SMC (Sharpee+, 2002)
J/AJ/123/855 : Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey: SMC (Zaritsky+, 2002)
J/AcA/51/317 : OGLE DIA. Catalog of LMC and SMC images (Zebrun+, 2001)
J/AcA/48/147 : OGLE SMC BVI photometry (Udalski+ 1998)
J/A+AS/102/451 : Emission-line stars and PNe in the SMC (Meyssonnier+ 1993)
J/other/PASAu/6.471 : Magellanic Clouds bridge region HI profiles (McGee+ 1986)
J/ApJS/2/315 : Hα emission stars and nebulae (Henize, 1956)
http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/SAGE-SMC/ : SAGE-SMC Spitzer data
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[12].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Name Source name (Y1-Y990 for table 1;
Y4-Y984 for table 2)
6- 36 A31 --- ID IRAC/MIPS designation (G1)
38- 45 F8.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
47- 55 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
57- 64 F8.3 mJy FU ?=-999.9 The U band flux density (G2)
66- 73 F8.3 mJy e_FU [0.999]?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FU (G2)
75- 82 F8.3 mJy FB ?=-999.9 The B band flux density (G2)
84- 91 F8.3 mJy e_FB [0.999]?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FB (G2)
93-100 F8.3 mJy FV ?=-999.9 The V band flux density (G2)
102-109 F8.3 mJy e_FV [0.999]?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FV (G2)
111-118 F8.3 mJy FI ?=-999.9 The I band flux density (G2)
120-127 F8.3 mJy e_FI [0.999]?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FI (G2)
129-136 F8.3 mJy FJ ?=-999.9 The J band flux density (G2)
138-145 F8.3 mJy e_FJ ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FJ (G2)
147-154 F8.3 mJy FH ?=-999.9 The H band flux density (G2)
156-163 F8.3 mJy e_FH ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FH (G2)
165-172 F8.3 mJy FK ?=-999.9 The K band flux density (G2)
174-181 F8.3 mJy e_FK ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FK (G2)
183-190 F8.3 mJy F3.6 ?=-999.9 Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um flux density (G2)
192-199 F8.3 mJy e_F3.6 ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in F3.6 (G2)
201-207 F7.3 mJy F4.5 Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band flux density (G2)
209-214 F6.3 mJy e_F4.5 Uncertainty in F4.5 (G2)
216-223 F8.3 mJy F5.8 ?=-999.9 Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um flux density (G2)
225-232 F8.3 mJy e_F5.8 ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in F5.8 (G2)
234-240 F7.3 mJy F8.0 Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 micron band flux density (G2)
242-247 F6.3 mJy e_F8.0 Uncertainty in F8.0 (G2)
249-256 F8.3 mJy F24 ?=-999.9 Spitzer/MIPS 24um band flux density (G2)
258-265 F8.3 mJy e_F24 ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in F24 (G2)
267-272 F6.3 mag Umag ?=99.999 The U band magnitude (G2)
274-279 F6.3 mag e_Umag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Umag (G2)
281-286 F6.3 mag Bmag ?=99.999 The B band magnitude (G2)
288-293 F6.3 mag e_Bmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Bmag (G2)
295-300 F6.3 mag Vmag ?=99.999 The V band magnitude (G2)
302-307 F6.3 mag e_Vmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Vmag (G2)
309-314 F6.3 mag Imag ?=99.999 The I band magnitude (G2)
316-321 F6.3 mag e_Imag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Imag (G2)
323-328 F6.3 mag Jmag ?=99.999 The J band magnitude (G2)
330-335 F6.3 mag e_Jmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Jmag (G2)
337-342 F6.3 mag Hmag ?=99.999 The H band magnitude (G2)
344-349 F6.3 mag e_Hmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Hmag (G2)
351-356 F6.3 mag Kmag ?=99.999 The K band magnitude (G2)
358-363 F6.3 mag e_Kmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Kmag (G2)
365-370 F6.3 mag [3.6] ?=99.999 Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um band magnitude (G2)
372-377 F6.3 mag e_[3.6] ?=99.999 Uncertainty in [3.6] (G2)
379-384 F6.3 mag [4.5] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band magnitude (G2)
386-390 F5.3 mag e_[4.5] Uncertainty in [4.5] (G2)
392-397 F6.3 mag [5.8] ?=99.999 Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um band magnitude (G2)
399-404 F6.3 mag e_[5.8] ?=99.999 Uncertainty in [5.8] (G2)
406-411 F6.3 mag [8.0] Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 micron band magnitude (G2)
413-417 F5.3 mag e_[8.0] Uncertainty in [8.0] (G2)
419-424 F6.3 mag [24] ?=99.999 Spitzer/MIPS 24um band magnitude (G2)
426-431 F6.3 mag e_[24] ?=99.999 Uncertainty in [24] (G2)
433-435 I03 --- f_FU [0/113] The U band flag (G3)
437-439 I03 --- f_FB [0/113] The B band flag (G3)
441-443 I03 --- f_FV [0/213] The V band flag (G3)
445-447 I03 --- f_FI [0/213] The I band flag (G3)
449-451 I03 --- f_FJ [0/411] The J band flag (G3)
453-455 I03 --- f_FH [0/411] The H band flag (G3)
457-459 I03 --- f_FK [0/411] The K band flag (G3)
461-463 I03 --- f_F3.6 [0/511] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron band flag (G3)
465-467 I03 --- f_F4.5 [0/511] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band flag (G3)
469-471 I03 --- f_F5.8 [0/511] Spitzer/IRAC 5.8 micron band flag (G3)
473-475 I03 --- f_F8.0 [0/511] Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 micron band flag (G3)
477-479 I03 --- f_F24 [0/613] Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron band flag (G3)
481-482 I2 --- PAH [-1/1] PAH flag (G4)
484-486 F3.1 --- Score [0.3/3.5] The CMD score (G5)
488-491 F4.1 --- chi2 [0/49]?=-9.9 The χ2min per data point (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): For the best-fit YSO model (see text and Table 6).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- Name Source name (C1-C40, for "Cluster")
5- 13 A9 --- --- [SSTM1SAGE]
14 I1 --- Ep [1/2] MIPS epoch
16- 34 A19 --- ID MIPS designation
(<SSTM1SAGE1 JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s> in Simbad)(G1)
35 A1 --- n_ID [b] b: 24um sources present in both epochs (G1)
37- 44 F8.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
46- 54 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
56- 63 F8.3 mJy FJ ?=-999.9 The J band flux density (G2)
65- 72 F8.3 mJy e_FJ ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FJ (G2)
74- 81 F8.3 mJy FH ?=-999.9 The H band flux density (G2)
83- 90 F8.3 mJy e_FH ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FH (G2)
92- 97 F6.3 mJy FK The K band flux density (G2)
99-103 F5.3 mJy e_FK Uncertainty in FK (G2)
105-109 F5.3 mJy F3.6 Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron band flux density (G2)
111-115 F5.3 mJy e_F3.6 Uncertainty in F3.6 (G2)
117-121 F5.3 mJy F4.5 Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band flux density (G2)
123-127 F5.3 mJy e_F4.5 Uncertainty in F4.5 (G2)
129-134 F6.3 mJy F5.8 Spitzer/IRAC 5.8 micron band flux density (G2)
136-140 F5.3 mJy e_F5.8 Uncertainty in F5.8 (G2)
142-147 F6.3 mJy F8.0 Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 micron band flux density (G2)
149-153 F5.3 mJy e_F8.0 Uncertainty in F8.0 (G2)
155-161 F7.3 mJy F24 Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron band flux density (G2)
163-168 F6.3 mJy e_F24 Uncertainty in F24 (G2)
170-175 F6.3 mag Jmag ?=99.999 The J band magnitude (G2)
177-182 F6.3 mag e_Jmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Jmag (G2)
184-189 F6.3 mag Hmag ?=99.999 The H band magnitude (G2)
191-196 F6.3 mag e_Hmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Hmag (G2)
198-203 F6.3 mag Kmag The K band magnitude (G2)
205-209 F5.3 mag e_Kmag Uncertainty in Kmag (G2)
211-216 F6.3 mag [3.6] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron band magnitude (G2)
218-222 F5.3 mag e_[3.6] Uncertainty in [3.6] (G2)
224-229 F6.3 mag [4.5] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band magnitude (G2)
231-235 F5.3 mag e_[4.5] Uncertainty in [4.5] (G2)
237-242 F6.3 mag [5.8] Spitzer/IRAC 5.8 micron band magnitude (G2)
244-248 F5.3 mag e_[5.8] Uncertainty in [5.8] (G2)
250-255 F6.3 mag [8.0] Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 micron band magnitude (G2)
257-261 F5.3 mag e_[8.0] Uncertainty in [8.0] (G2)
263-267 F5.3 mag [24] Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron band magnitude (G2)
269-273 F5.3 mag e_[24] Uncertainty in [24] (G2)
275-277 I03 --- f_FJ [0/23] The J band flag (G3)
279-281 I03 --- f_FH [0/23] The H band flag (G3)
283-285 I03 --- f_FK [0/23] The K band flag (G3)
287-289 I03 --- f_F3.6 [21/23] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron band flag (G3)
291-293 I03 --- f_F4.5 [21/23] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band flag (G3)
295-297 I03 --- f_F5.8 [21/23] Spitzer/IRAC 5.8 micron band flag (G3)
299-301 I03 --- f_F8.0 [21/23] Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 micron band flag (G3)
303-305 I03 --- f_F24 [621] Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron band flag (G3)
307-308 I2 --- PAH [-1/1] PAH flag (G4)
310-312 F3.1 --- Score [0.3/2.8] The CMD score (G5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Name Source name (Y1-Y990)
6- 9 F4.2 --- chi2 [0.02/5] The χ2min per data point (1)
11- 14 I4 --- Nfit [1/1050] Number of fits (2)
16- 23 E8.3 Lsun L* [32/147000] Best fit stellar luminosity
25- 32 E8.3 Lsun <L*> [45/141000] Average stellar luminosity
34- 41 E8.3 Lsun e_<L*> Uncertainty in <L*> (3)
43- 50 E8.3 K T* [3690/35400] Best stellar temperature
52- 59 E8.3 K <T*> [3940/35800] Average stellar temperature
61- 68 E8.3 K e_<T*> Uncertainty in <T*>
70- 77 E8.3 Msun M* [0.5/30] Best fit stellar mass
79- 86 E8.3 Msun <M*> [1.1/31] Average stellar mass
88- 95 E8.3 Msun e_<M*> Uncertainty in <M*>
97-104 E8.3 Msun Menv Best fit envelope mass
106-113 E8.3 Msun <Menv> Average envelope mass
115-122 E8.3 Msun e_<Menv> Uncertainty in <Menv>
124-131 E8.3 Msun Mdisk [0/3.2] Best fit disk mass
133-140 E8.3 Msun <Mdisk> Average disk mass
142-149 E8.3 Msun e_<Mdisk> Uncertainty in <Mdisk>
151-153 A3 --- Evol Best fit evolutionary stage (I, II ir III)
155-157 A3 --- <Evol> Average evolutionary stage
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): For the best-fit model.
Note (2): With χ2/pt between χ2min/pt and χ2min/pt+2.
Note (3): The uncertainties represent standard deviations of the mean:
smean=s/N0.5, where s is the sample standard deviation,
s=Σ(x-)2/(N-1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Name Source name (Y14-Y951)
6- 13 F8.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
15- 23 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
25- 28 A4 --- --- [YSO_ ]
29 A1 --- f_YID YSO class (s: spectroscopically confirmed YSO
or c: YSO candidate)
31- 85 A55 --- YID YSO source identifier (s)
87- 97 A11 arcsec Ydist YSO distances (up to 3 values)
99-110 A12 --- r_Ydist YSO reference(s) (1)
112-129 A18 --- Cl1 non-YSO object class (2)
131-190 A60 --- ID1 non-YSO source identifier
192-204 A13 arcsec Dist1 non-YSO distance
206-220 A15 --- r_Dist1 non-YSO reference(s) (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Reference as follows:
A07 = Atlee & Gould 2007, J/ApJ/664/53;
B07 = Bolatto et al. 2007, J/ApJ/655/212;
B10 = Bonanos et al. (2010, J/AJ/140/416) and references therein;
B11 = Boyer et al. 2011, J/AJ/142/103;
C11 = Carlson et al. 2011, J/ApJ/730/78;
G82 = Gatley et al. 1982MNRAS.200..521G 1982MNRAS.200..521G;
GJ = G. Jacoby (private communication);
G07 = Gouliermis et al. 2007ApJ...665..306G 2007ApJ...665..306G;
H56 = Henize 1956, J/ApJS/2/315;
H99 = Hummel et al. 1999A&A...352L..31H 1999A&A...352L..31H;
MA93 = Meyssonnier & Azzopardi 1993, J/A+AS/102/451;
M08 = McGowan et al. 2008, J/MNRAS/383/330;
O13 = Oliveira et al. 2013MNRAS.428.3001O 2013MNRAS.428.3001O;
P83 = Prevot et al. 1983A&AS...53..255P 1983A&AS...53..255P;
S02 = Sharpee et al. 2002, J/AJ/123/3216;
S07 = Simon et al. 2007, J/ApJ/669/327;
S13 = Sheets et al. 2013, J/ApJ/771/111;
vL10 = van Loon et al. 2010AJ....139.1553V 2010AJ....139.1553V;
W06 = Wisniewski & Bjorkman 2006, J/ApJ/652/458
Note (2): Class as follows:
PN = planetary nebula;
em = emission line object;
VLE = a very low excitation emission-line object;
HII = H II region;
FIR_object = source with a rising SED from 8 to 24 microns,
from Boyer et al. (2011, J/AJ/142/103);
C-AGB = C-rich AGB star;
O-AGB = O-rich AGB star
x-AGB = extreme AGB star;
aO-AGB = new class of of O-rich AGB stars
(Boyer et al. 2011, J/AJ/142/103);
early B = early B-type star;
sgB[e] = B[e] supergiant;
symbiotic star = a symbiotic star from Oliveira et al. (2013MNRAS.428.3001O 2013MNRAS.428.3001O);
X-ray = unclassified X-ray source;
X-ray/AGN = X-ray source classified as an AGN candidate;
QSO candidate = a quasar candidate;
Cepheid = a Cepheid variable star;
Be* = confirmed Be star;
Be*candidate = candidate Be star;
RSG = red supergiant.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Name Source name (C1-C40,Y1-Y990)
6- 11 F6.1 10+20/cm2 NH ?=-999.9 The H I column density (1)
13 A1 --- l_CO Limit flag on CO
14- 20 F7.2 K.km/s CO ?=-999.9 CO line strength (1)
22 A1 --- l_FHa Limit flag on FHa
23- 30 F8.1 10-20W/m2 FHa ?=-999.9 Hα flux; 1e-17erg/s/cm2 (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Upper limits for 3-σ sensitivity limits:
* for CO: 0.45K.km/s (Mizuno et al. 2001PASJ...53L..45M 2001PASJ...53L..45M)
* for Hα; 9x10-17erg/cm2/s (measured in the region off galaxy)
* for H I, we use the image that combines the Hi observations of the main
body of the SMC by Stanimirovic et al. (1999MNRAS.302..417S 1999MNRAS.302..417S) and the
Bridge by Muller et al. (2003, J/MNRAS/339/105). Due to the processing
of the image (E. Muller, private communication), all but one pixel have
values larger than the 3σ sensitivity limits of the individual
HI observations (H I column density of ∼1.2e19/cm2).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 A4 --- Name Source name (Y1-Y990)
6- 13 F8.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
15- 23 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
25- 27 A3 --- --- [smc]
28- 32 F5.1 --- OMap [100.1/140.3]? OGLE-III map file name
33- 36 A4 --- --- [.map]
38- 42 I5 --- ODB ? OGLE-III database identification number in map
44- 59 A16 --- IRSF IRSF source designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
61- 70 I10 --- 2MASS ? 2MASS source identifier
72- 82 A11 --- --- [SSTISAGEMA_]
83-101 A19 --- IRAC SAGE-SMC IRAC SMP source name
( in Simbad)
103-132 A30 --- MIPS Full SAGE-SMC MIPS SMP source name
134-139 F6.3 mag Umag ?=99.999 MCPS U band magnitude
141-146 F6.3 mag e_Umag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Umag
148-153 F6.3 mag Bmag ?=99.999 MCPS B band magnitude
155-160 F6.3 mag e_Bmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in Bmag
162-167 F6.3 mag Vmag ?=99.999 MCPS V band magnitude
169-174 F6.3 mag e_Vmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in VMmag
176-181 F6.3 mag Imag ?=99.999 MCPS I band magnitude
183-188 F6.3 mag e_Imag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in IMmag
190-195 F6.3 mag VmagO ?=99.999 OGLE-III V band magnitude
197-202 F6.3 mag ImagO ?=99.999 OGLE-III I band magnitude
204-209 F6.3 mag Jmag ?=99.999 2MASS J band magnitude
211-216 F6.3 mag e_Jmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in J2mag
218-223 F6.3 mag Hmag ?=99.999 2MASS H band magnitude
225-230 F6.3 mag e_Hmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in H2mag
232-237 F6.3 mag Kmag ?=99.999 2MASS KS band magnitude
239-244 F6.3 mag e_Kmag ?=99.999 Uncertainty in K2mag
246-251 F6.3 mag JmagI ?=99.999 IRSFS J band magnitude
253-258 F6.3 mag e_JmagI ?=99.999 Uncertainty in JImag
260-265 F6.3 mag HmagI ?=99.999 IRSF H band magnitude
267-272 F6.3 mag e_HmagI ?=99.999 Uncertainty in HImag
274-279 F6.3 mag KmagI ?=99.999 IRSF KS band magnitude
281-286 F6.3 mag e_KmagI ?=99.999 Uncertainty in KImag
288-293 F6.3 mag [3.6] ?=99.999 SAGE-SMC IRAC 3.6 micron magnitude
295-300 F6.3 mag e_[3.6] ?=99.999 Uncertainty in [3.6]
302-307 F6.3 mag [4.5] ?=99.999 SAGE-SMC IRAC 4.5 micron magnitude
309-314 F6.3 mag e_[4.5] ?=99.999 Uncertainty in [4.5]
316-321 F6.3 mag [5.8] ?=99.999 SAGE-SMC IRAC 5.8 micron magnitude
323-328 F6.3 mag e_[5.8] ?=99.999 Uncertainty in [5.8]
330-335 F6.3 mag [8.0] ?=99.999 SAGE-SMC IRAC 8.0 micron magnitude
337-342 F6.3 mag e_[8.0] ?=99.999 Uncertainty in [8.0]
344-349 F6.3 mag [24] ?=99.999 SAGE-SMC MIPS 24 micron magnitude
351-356 F6.3 mag e_[24] ?=99.999 Uncertainty in [24]
358-365 F8.3 mJy FU ?=-999.9 MCPS U band flux density
367-374 F8.3 mJy e_FU ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FU
376-383 F8.3 mJy FB ?=-999.9 MCPS B band flux density
385-392 F8.3 mJy e_FB ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FB
394-401 F8.3 mJy FV ?=-999.9 MCPS V band flux density
403-410 F8.3 mJy e_FV ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FVM
412-419 F8.3 mJy FI ?=-999.9 MCPS I band flux density
421-428 F8.3 mJy e_FI ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FIM
430-437 F8.3 mJy FVO ?=-999.9 OGLE-III V band flux density
439-446 F8.3 mJy FIO ?=-999.9 OGLE-III I band flux density
448-455 F8.3 mJy FJ ?=-999.9 2MASS J band flux density
457-464 F8.3 mJy e_FJ ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FJ
466-473 F8.3 mJy FH ?=-999.9 2MASS H band flux density
475-482 F8.3 mJy e_FH ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FH
484-491 F8.3 mJy FK ?=-999.9 2MASS KS band flux density
493-500 F8.3 mJy e_FK ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FK
502-509 F8.3 mJy FJI ?=-999.9 IRSF J band flux density
511-518 F8.3 mJy e_FJI ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FJI
520-527 F8.3 mJy FHI ?=-999.9 IRSF H band flux density
529-536 F8.3 mJy e_FHI ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FHI
538-545 F8.3 mJy FKI ?=-999.9 IRSF KS band flux density
547-554 F8.3 mJy e_FKI ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in FKI
556-563 F8.3 mJy F3.6 ?=-999.9 SAGE-SMC IRAC 3.6 micron flux density
565-572 F8.3 mJy e_F3.6 ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in F3.6
574-581 F8.3 mJy F4.5 ?=-999.9 SAGE-SMC IRAC 4.5 micron flux density
583-590 F8.3 mJy e_F4.5 ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in F4.5
592-599 F8.3 mJy F5.8 ?=-999.9 SAGE-SMC IRAC 5.8 micron flux density
601-608 F8.3 mJy e_F5.8 ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in F5.8
610-617 F8.3 mJy F8.0 ?=-999.9 SAGE-SMC IRAC 8.0 micron flux density
619-626 F8.3 mJy e_F8.0 ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in F8.0
628-635 F8.3 mJy F24 ?=-999.9 SAGE-SMC MIPS 24 micron flux density
637-644 F8.3 mJy e_F24 ?=-999.9 Uncertainty in F24
646-651 F6.3 arcsec I-MI [0/2]?=-9.999 Distance between IRAC and MIPS
653-658 F6.3 arcsec I-MC [0/1]?=-9.999 Distance between IRAC and MCPS
660-665 F6.3 arcsec MI-MC [0/1]?=-9.999 Distance between MIPS and MCPS
667-672 F6.3 arcsec I-O [0/1]?=-9.999 Distance between IRAC & OGLE-III
674-679 F6.3 arcsec MI-O [0/1]?=-9.999 Distance between MIPS & OGLE-III
681-686 F6.3 arcsec I-IR [0/1]?=-9.999 Distance between IRAC and IRSF
688-693 F6.3 arcsec MI-IR [0/1]?=-9.999 Distance between MIPS and IRSF
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Global notes:
Note (G1): IRAC designations listed in the table are proceeded by "SSTISAGEMA".
MIPS Epoch 1 and Epoch 2 designations start with "SSTM1SAGE1" and
"SSTM1SAGE2", respectively. For 24µm sources present in both epochs
(indicated with a footnote "b"), the MIPS Epoch 1 designation is used.
IRAC sources are in Simbad and
MIPS sources are <SSTM1SAGE1 JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s> in Simbad.
Note (G2): An uncertainty of 0.999 represents an upper or lower limit.
Note (G3): Flags indicating what survey the flux in a given band comes from
(first digit), whether the flux is from the catalog or was measured by
aperture photometry (second digit), and whether it was used as an
upper limit in the fitting (third digit).
= (first digit d..)
0.. = no catalog data available;
1.. = MCPS (Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey; Zaritsky et al. 2002,
J/AJ/123/855; in Simbad);
2.. = OGLE-III (Optical Gravitation Lensing Experiment; Udalski et al.
2008AcA....58..329U 2008AcA....58..329U);
3.. = IRSF (Infrared Survey Facility Magellanic Clouds Point Source Survey;
Kato et al. 2007, II/288; in Simbad);
4.. = 2MASS (Skrutskie et al. 2006, VII/233) or 2MASS 6X Deep Point Source
Catalog (2MASS-6X; Cutri+, 2006, II/281);
5.. = IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um from the Spitzer survey Surveying the
Agents of Galaxy Evolution in the Tidally Stripped, Low Metallicity
Small Magellanic Cloud (SAGE-SMC; Paper I, Gordon et al.
2011AJ....142..102G 2011AJ....142..102G)
6.. = MIPS 24um from SAGE-SMC
= (second digit .d.)
.0. = no flux measurement available;
.1. = flux from the catalog;
.2. = flux from the aperture photometry.
= (third digit ..d)
..0 = no data;
..1 = used as a valid data point in the fitting;
..2 = set as a lower limit;
..3 = set as an upper limit for the fitting (see text for details).
Note (G4): For sources we could determine the PAH strength (i.e., with complete
photometry between 3.6 and 5.8 microns; see Section 4.3 for details):
0 = sources without PAH emission;
1 = sources associated with PAHs.
-1 = YSO candidates with incomplete photometry between 3.6 and 5.8µm.
Note (G5): A measure of confidence that the source is not a non-YSO
"contaminant", but rather a true YSO, based on the source's location
in the color-magnitude space with respect to non-YSOs. The approximate
separation between YSO candidates and non-YSOs occurs at the CMD score
of ∼1. See Section 5.1 for details.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Gordon et al. Paper I. 2011AJ....142..102G 2011AJ....142..102G
Boyer et al. Paper II. 2011AJ....142..103B 2011AJ....142..103B Cat. J/AJ/142/103
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 21-Apr-2015