J/ApJ/787/80 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)
Densities and eccentricities of 139 Kepler planets from transit time variations.
Hadden S., Lithwick Y.
<Astrophys. J., 787, 80 (2014)>
=2014ApJ...787...80H 2014ApJ...787...80H (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Planets ; Stars, masses ;
Stars, diameters
Keywords: planets and satellites: composition -
planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
Abstract:
We extract densities and eccentricities of 139 sub-Jovian planets by
analyzing transit time variations (TTVs) obtained by the Kepler
mission through Quarter 12. We partially circumvent the degeneracies
that plague TTV inversion with the help of an analytical formula for
the TTV. From the observed TTV phases, we find that most of these
planets have eccentricities of the order of a few percent. More
precisely, the rms eccentricity is 0.018-0.004+0.005, and planets
smaller than 2.5 R{earth} are around twice as eccentric as those
bigger than 2.5 R{earth}. We also find a best-fit density-radius
relationship ρ∼3 g/cm3x(R/3 R{earth})-2.3 for the 56 planets
that likely have small eccentricity and hence small statistical
correction to their masses. Many planets larger than 2.5 R{earth}are
less dense than water, implying that their radii are largely set by a
massive hydrogen atmosphere.
Description:
Mazeh et al. (2013, J/ApJS/208/16) catalog the transit times of 1960
Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) with high signal-to-noise ratio,
using Kepler data up to Q12. We select planet pairs from their catalog
that lie sufficiently close to the first-order resonances 2:1, 3:2,
4:3, or 5:4, such that |Δ|<0.06. This reduces the sample size to
133 pairs, which is around one-third of all pairs of adjacent planets
in their list. For each planet in a pair, we fit the Mazeh et al.
(2013, J/ApJS/208/16) transit times with a sum of two components: one
linear in time and the other sinusoidal.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 132 95 TTV Amplitudes
table2.dat 75 139 Planet Nominal Masses
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See also:
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
J/ApJS/208/16 : Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/429/2001 : New transiting planet candidates from Kepler (Huang+, 2013)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- KOI [82/2433] Kepler Object of Interest number (NNNN)
6 I1 --- I [1/6] KOI decimal of inner planet
8 I1 --- I1 [1/5] KOI decimal of outer planet
10- 15 F6.3 d P Inner planet orbital period
17- 23 F7.3 d P1 Outer planet orbital period
25 I1 --- J [2/5] Closest j:j-1 resonance
27- 34 F8.5 --- Delta Normalized distance to resonance
36- 42 F7.2 min V ? Transit time variation (TTV) amplitude of
inner planet
44- 49 F6.2 min E_V ? The 1σ upper error bound on V
51- 56 F6.2 min e_V ? The 1σ lower error bound on V
58- 64 F7.2 min V1 ? TTV amplitude of outer planet
66- 71 F6.2 min E_V1 ? The 1σ upper error bound on V1
73- 78 F6.2 min e_V1 ? The 1σ lower error bound on V1
80- 85 F6.1 deg Phi ? TTV phase of inner planet
87- 91 F5.1 deg E_Phi ? The 1σ upper error bound on Phi
93- 97 F5.1 deg e_Phi ? The 1σ lower error bound on Phi
99-104 F6.1 deg Phi1 ? TTV phase of outer planet
106-110 F5.1 deg E_Phi1 ? The 1σ upper error bound on Phi1
112-116 F5.1 deg e_Phi1 ? The 1σ lower error bound on Phi1
118-132 A15 --- KName Designated Kepler planet name, where applicable
(Kepler -NNNNAa in Simbad)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 F7.2 --- KOI KOI Number (NNNN.NN)
9- 20 A12 --- KName Designated Kepler planet name, where applicable
(Kepler -NNNNAa in Simbad)
22- 27 F6.1 Mgeo Mass Planet nominal mass
29- 33 F5.1 Mgeo E_Mass The 1σ upper error bound on Mass
35- 39 F5.1 Mgeo e_Mass The 1σ lower error bound on Mass
41- 45 F5.2 Rgeo Rad Planet radius
47- 50 F4.2 Rgeo E_Rad The 1σ upper error bound on Rad
52- 55 F4.2 Rgeo e_Rad The 1σ upper error bound on Rad
57 A1 --- Ecc [lh] Eccentricity flag (1)
59- 63 F5.3 Msun Mass* Mass of host star
65- 69 F5.3 Rsun Rad* Radius of host star
71- 75 A5 --- MSource Source code (2)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
l = the planet pair is classified as low-e;
h = the planet pair is classified as high-e.
Note (2): For planets with two transit time variation (TTV) partners, MSource
indicates whether the nominal mass measurement is based on the TTV of the
inner or outer planet.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 26-Jun-2017