J/ApJ/789/154 Kepler-10 RV measurements by HARPS-N (Dumusque+, 2014)
The Kepler-10 planetary system revisited by HARPS-N: a hot rocky world and
a solid Neptune-mass planet.
Dumusque X., Bonomo A.S., Haywood R.D., Malavolta L., Segransan D.,
Buchhave L.A., Collier Cameron A., Latham D.W., Molinari E., Pepe F.,
Udry S., Charbonneau D., Cosentino R., Dressing C.D., Figueira P.,
Fiorenzano A.F.M., Gettel S., Harutyunyan A., Horne K., Lopez-Morales M.,
Lovis C., Mayor M., Micela G., Motalebi F., Nascimbeni V., Phillips D.F.,
Piotto G., Pollacco D., Queloz D., Rice K., Sasselov D., Sozzetti A.,
Szentgyorgyi A., Watson C.
<Astrophys. J., 789, 154 (2014)>
=2014ApJ...789..154D 2014ApJ...789..154D (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Planets ; Radial velocities
Keywords: planetary systems -
stars: individual (Kepler-10 KOI-072 KIC 11904151) -
stars: statistics - techniques: photometric -
techniques: spectroscopic
Abstract:
Kepler-10b was the first rocky planet detected by the Kepler satellite
and confirmed with radial velocity follow-up observations from
Keck-HIRES. The mass of the planet was measured with a precision of
around 30%, which was insufficient to constrain models of its internal
structure and composition in detail. In addition to Kepler-10b, a
second planet transiting the same star with a period of 45 days was
statistically validated, but the radial velocities were only good
enough to set an upper limit of 20 M⊕ for the mass of
Kepler-10c. To improve the precision on the mass for planet b, the
HARPS-N Collaboration decided to observe Kepler-10 intensively with
the HARPS-N spectrograph on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo on La
Palma. In total, 148 high-quality radial-velocity measurements were
obtained over two observing seasons. These new data allow us to
improve the precision of the mass determination for Kepler-10b to 15%.
With a mass of 3.33±0.49 M⊕and an updated radius of
1.47-0.02+0.03 R⊕, Kepler-10b has a density of 5.8±0.8
g/cm3, very close to the value predicted by models with the same
internal structure and composition as the Earth. We were also able to
determine a mass for the 45-day period planet Kepler-10c, with an even
better precision of 11%. With a mass of 17.2±1.9 M⊕ and
radius of 2.35-0.04+0.09 R⊕, Kepler-10c has a density of
7.1±1.0 g/cm3. Kepler-10c appears to be the first strong evidence of
a class of more massive solid planets with longer orbital periods.
Description:
We monitored the RV variation of Kepler-10 with the HARPS-N
spectrograph installed on the 3.57-m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo at
the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma Island,
Spain (Cosentino et al. 2012SPIE.8446E..1VC). This instrument is an
updated version of the original HARPS planet hunter installed on the
3.6-m telescope at the European Southern Observatory on La Silla,
Chile (Mayor et al. 2003Msngr.114...20M 2003Msngr.114...20M). Just like its older brother,
the HARPS-N instrument is an ultra-stable fiber-fed high-resolution (R
= 115,000) optical echelle spectrograph optimized for the measurement
of very precise RVs. The use of a more modern monolithic 4kx4k CCD
enclosed in a more temperature stable cryostat, and the use of
octagonal fibers for a better scrambling of the incoming light fed
into the spectrograph should improve the precision of the instrument
compared to HARPS. Scientific operations began at HARPS-N in 2012
August. Over the first two observing seasons, we obtained 157 RV
measurements of Kepler-10. Four observations that were obtained during
bad weather conditions had very low signal to noise (S/N, <10) and
were rejected.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
19 02 43.06 +50 14 28.7 Kepler-10 = KOI-72
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 71 148 HARPS-N RV measurements
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See also:
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
J/ApJ/738/170 : False positive Kepler planet candidates (Morton+, 2011)
J/A+A/555/A58 : New Kepler planetary candidates (Ofir+, 2013)
J/A+A/583/A65 : Active Kepler stars differential rotation (Reinhold+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/456/2636 : Kepler-10 chemical composition (Liu+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 F12.6 d BJD Barycentric Julian Date; BJD-2400000
14- 23 F10.6 km/s RVel Radial velocity
25- 32 F8.6 km/s e_RVel Error in RVel
34- 41 F8.6 km/s FWHM Line Full-Width at Half-Maximum
43- 50 F8.6 km/s e_FWHM Error in FWHM
52- 58 F7.4 [-] logR'HK Calcium activity index
60- 65 F6.4 [-] e_logR'HK Error in logR'HK
67- 71 F5.2 --- SNR Signal-to-Noise ratio at 550 nm
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 13-Mar-2017