J/ApJ/797/115 HSTPROMO I. Observations and NGC7078 results (Bellini+, 2014)
Hubble Space Telescope proper motion (HSTPROMO) catalogs of Galactic globular
clusters.
I. Sample selection, data reduction, and NGC 7078 results.
Bellini A., Anderson J., van der Marel R.P., Watkins L.L., King I.R.,
Bianchini P., Chaname J., Chandar R., Cool A.M., Ferraro F.R., Ford H.,
Massari D.
<Astrophys. J., 797, 115 (2014)>
=2014ApJ...797..115B 2014ApJ...797..115B
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, globular ; Proper motions ; Photometry, HST
Keywords: globular clusters: individual: (NGC 104 (47 Tuc), NGC 288, NGC 362,
NGC 1851, NGC 2808, NGC 5139 (ω Cen), NGC 5904 (M 5), NGC 5927,
NGC 6266 (M 62), NGC 6341 (M 92), NGC 6362, NGC 6388, NGC 6397,
NGC 6441, NGC 6535, NGC 6624, NGC 6656 (M 22), NGC 6681 (M 70),
NGC 6715 (M 54), NGC 6752, NGC 7078 (M 15), NGC 7099 (M 30));
proper motions; stars: kinematics and dynamics; stars: Population II;
techniques: photometric
Abstract:
We present the first study of high-precision internal proper motions
(PMs) in a large sample of globular clusters, based on Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) data obtained over the past decade with the ACS/WFC,
ACS/HRC, and WFC3/UVIS instruments. We determine PMs for over
1.3 million stars in the central regions of 22 clusters, with a median
number of ∼60000 stars per cluster. These PMs have the potential to
significantly advance our understanding of the internal kinematics of
globular clusters by extending past line-of-sight (LOS) velocity
measurements to two- or three-dimensional velocities, lower stellar
masses, and larger sample sizes. We describe the reduction pipeline
that we developed to derive homogeneous PMs from the very
heterogeneous archival data. We demonstrate the quality of the
measurements through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We also
discuss the PM errors introduced by various systematic effects and the
techniques that we have developed to correct or remove them to the
extent possible. We provide in electronic form the catalog for
NGC 7078 (M 15), which consists of 77837 stars in the central 2.4'. We
validate the catalog by comparison with existing PM measurements and
LOS velocities and use it to study the dependence of the velocity
dispersion on radius, stellar magnitude (or mass) along the main
sequence, and direction in the plane of the sky (radial or
tangential).
Description:
This work is based on archival HST images taken with three different
cameras: (1) the ultravioletvisible channel of the Wide-Field Camera 3
(WFC3/UVIS), (2) the wide-field channel of the Advanced Camera for
Surveys (ACS/WFC), and (3) the high-resolution channel of ACS
(ACS/HRC). See the list of observations (tables 7-28) spanning 2002 to
2013.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 82 22 Globular clusters and their parameters
table7.dat 101 63 List of observations of NGC 104
table8.dat 97 6 List of observations of NGC 288
table9.dat 97 7 List of observations of NGC 362
table10.dat 98 4 List of observations of NGC 1851
table11.dat 101 8 List of observations of NGC 2808
table12.dat 101 30 List of observations of NGC 5139
table13.dat 97 9 List of observations of NGC 5904
table14.dat 97 9 List of observations of NGC 5927
table15.dat 97 4 List of observations of NGC 6266
table16.dat 98 23 List of observations of NGC 6341
table17.dat 97 3 List of observations of NGC 6362
table18.dat 101 12 List of observations of NGC 6388
table19.dat 98 7 List of observations of NGC 6397
table20.dat 98 5 List of observations of NGC 6441
table21.dat 97 5 List of observations of NGC 6535
table22.dat 97 6 List of observations of NGC 6624
table23.dat 98 4 List of observations of NGC 6656
table24.dat 101 18 List of observations of NGC 6681
table25.dat 101 24 List of observations of NGC 6752
table26.dat 97 3 List of observations of NGC 6715
table27.dat 97 6 List of observations of NGC 7078
table28.dat 97 3 List of observations of NGC 7099
table30.dat 220 77837 *The NGC 7078 PM catalog
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Note on table30.dat: Master frame pixel scale: 40mas/pix.
Reference time (T=0): J2006.334577 (GO-10775 average time).
Adopted cluster's center: (RA,DE)_J2000.0=(21:29:58.33, +12:10:01.20).
Master-frame cluster's center: (X,Y)=(4989.28,5017.50).
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See also:
VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)
J/ApJ/803/29 : HSTPROMO catalogs. II. Kinematic profiles (Watkins+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/450/2692 : Structural parameters for Galactic GC (Vanderbeke+, 2015)
J/A+A/573/A115 : Radial velocities in seven globular clusters (Lardo+, 2015)
J/PASP/126/733 : BVI photometry of M15 stars (Feuillet+, 2014)
J/ApJ/710/1032 : Proper motions in ω Cen (Anderson+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/405/839 : Spectroscopic obs. of globular clusters (Sharina+, 2010)
J/A+A/493/959 : UBV(RI)cHalpha photometry in omega Cen (Bellini+, 2009)
J/AJ/134/1298 : CaII EWs in 29 Galactic clusters (Carrera+, 2007)
J/ApJ/670/379 : UV photometry of M15 (Dieball+, 2007)
J/other/A+AT/25.185 : Absolute proper motions of GCs (Dambis, 2006)
J/other/RMxAA/42.75 : CCD RV curves of M15 RR Lyrae (Arellano Ferro+, 2006)
J/ApJS/166/249 : Stellar dynamics & proper motions in 47Tuc (McLaughlin+, 2006)
J/A+A/417/597 : Radial velocities in 4 globular clusters (Recio-Blanco+, 2004)
J/ApJ/602/264 : Proper motions and radial velocities in M15 (McNamara+, 2004)
J/ApJ/595/187 : Proper motions in M15 (McNamara+, 2003)
J/AJ/124/3255 : UBV photometry in M15 (van der Marel+, 2002)
J/A+A/391/945 : HST photometry of 74 galactic GCs (Piotto+, 2002)
J/A+A/360/472 : Proper motions in omega Centauri (van Leeuwen+, 2000)
J/AJ/119/2274 : JK Photometry of globular clusters M15 + M56 (Ivanov+, 2000)
J/AJ/119/1268 : CFHT adaptive optics observations of M15 (Gebhardt+, 2000)
J/AJ/115/708 : Radial Velocities in the Field of M15 (Drukier+ 1998)
J/AJ/113/1026 : Fabry-Perot Observations of M15 (Gebhardt+ 1997)
J/A+A/320/776 : Tidal radii of 7 globular clusters (Lehmann+ 1997)
J/AJ/110/704 : RR Lyrae Variables in M15 (Silbermann+ 1995)
J/AJ/109/218 : Catalogue of globular cluster profiles (Trager+ 1995)
J/AJ/107/1745 : HST UVI photometry of M15. II. (Yanny+, 1994)
J/ApJ/420/612 : Proper motions + radial velocities in M22 (Peterson+ 1994)
J/AJ/106/154 : HST Observations in inner region of M15 (Ferraro+ 1993)
J/ApJ/347/251 : Dynamics of Globular Cluster M15 (Peterson+ 1989)
J/ApJS/61/667 : Kinematics of Galactic old population (Norris 1986)
http://www.cosmic-lab.eu/Cosmic-Lab/Home.html : Cosmic-Lab home page
http://www.stsci.edu/~marel/hstpromo.html : HSTPROMO home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [NGC]
5- 8 I4 --- NGC Cluster identifier (NGC number)
10- 18 A9 --- OName Other designation
20- 21 I2 h RAh Hour of right ascension (J2000) (1)
23- 24 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
26- 30 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
32 A1 --- DE- Sign of declination (J2000) (1)
33- 34 I2 deg DEd Degree of declination (J2000) (1)
36- 37 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
39- 43 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
45 A1 --- s [ce] source of coordinates (2)
47- 50 F4.1 kpc Dist [2.3/26.5] Heliocentric distance (3)
52- 56 F5.2 [Sun] [Fe/H] [-2.4/-0.4] Metallicity (3)
58- 61 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0.02/0.5] Foreground reddening (3)
63- 66 F4.1 km/s sigma [2/19] Velocity dispersion (σVLOS) (3)
68- 70 F3.1 km/s e_sigma [0.2/1.2]? Uncertainty in Vlos (3)
72 A1 --- r_sigma [d] Flag on sigma (2)
74- 77 F4.2 arcmin Rc [0.03/2.4] Core radius (3)
79- 82 F4.2 arcmin Rh [0.51/5] Half-light radius (3)
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Note (1): From Goldsbury et al. (2010AJ....140.1830G 2010AJ....140.1830G), unless stated otherwise.
Note (2): Flag as follows:
c = From Anderson & van der Marel (2010, J/ApJ/710/1032)
d = From Gnedin et al. (2002ApJ...568L..23G 2002ApJ...568L..23G)
e = From Beccari et al. (2006AJ....131.2551B 2006AJ....131.2551B)
Note (3): From Harris 1996 (2010 edition; VII/202), unless stated otherwise.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[789].dat table1[0-9].dat table2[0-8].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- --- [NGC]
5- 8 I4 --- NGC Cluster identifier (NGC number)
10- 14 I5 --- GO [9000/13100] GO observation number
16- 32 A17 --- PI PI name
34- 42 A9 --- Inst Instrument/Camera: ACS/HRC, ACS/WFC or
WFC3/UVIS)
44- 49 A6 --- Filt HST filter
51- 88 A38 s Exp Exposure time(s)
90-101 A12 --- Epoch Observation date
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table30.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.5 arcsec Rad [0.2/146.1] Distance from cluster center
11- 20 F10.5 arcsec x0 X position in rectified Cartesian system (2)
22- 31 F10.5 arcsec y0 Y position in rectified Cartesian system (2)
33- 39 F7.3 mas/yr pmx [-20.6/21.4] Proper motion along x
µαcosδ
41- 47 F7.3 mas/yr pmy [-21/22.1] Proper motion along y µδ
49- 53 F5.3 mas/yr s_pmx [0.008/4] The 1σ uncertainty in pmx (3)
55- 59 F5.3 mas/yr s_pmy [0.008/4] The 1σ uncertainty in pmy (3)
61- 68 F8.3 pix xM [2248/7702] X position on master frame
70- 77 F8.3 pix yM [1890/7716] Y position on master frame
79- 84 F6.3 pix DX [-1.7/0.9] Difference between xM Δx (4)
86- 91 F6.3 pix DY [-0.8/1.7] Difference between yM Δy (4)
93- 97 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmx [0.01/4.8] The 1σ uncertainty in pmx (5)
99-103 F5.3 mas/yr e_pmy [0.008/5.3] The 1σ uncertainty in pmy (5)
105-110 F6.3 mag F606W [15/25.6] HST/ACS/WFC F606W band magnitude (6)
112-117 F6.3 mag F814W [14/24.5] HST/ACS/WFC F814W band magnitude (6)
119-123 F5.3 mag e_F606W [0/0.2]?=9.9 Root mean square of F606W
125-129 F5.3 mag e_F814W [0/0.4]?=9.9 Root mean square of F814W
131-135 F5.3 --- F606Q [0.008/1.1] Quality of fit parameter for F606W
137-141 F5.3 --- F814Q [0.007/0.8] Quality of fit parameter for F814W
143-148 F6.3 --- X2pmx Reduced χ2 for pmx fit
150-155 F6.3 --- X2pmy Reduced χ2 for pmy fit
157-162 F6.4 pix s_xM The 1σ uncertainty in T=0 x position (7)
164-169 F6.4 pix s_yM The 1σ uncertainty in T=0 y position (7)
171-177 F7.5 yr Time [1.3/7] Time baseline used to compute
proper motion (8)
179-184 F6.4 pix e_xM The 1σ uncertainty in T=0 x position (9)
186-191 F6.4 pix e_yM The 1σ uncertainty in T=0 y position (9)
193-193 I1 --- Rf [0/1] Flag 1 if star used as reference (10)
195-196 I2 --- Nf [6/35] Total number of catalogs star was found
198-199 I2 --- Nu [5/35] Final number of catalogs used (11)
201-206 I6 --- ID [1/135834] Internal stellar identifier (12)
208-213 F6.3 mas/yr Dpmx [-0.9/0.5] Variation between pmx and
local-corrected pmx
215-220 F6.3 mas/yr Dpmy [-0.7/0.3] Variation between pmy and
local-corrected pmy
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Note (2): With respect to the adopted center (adopted cluster's center:
(RA,DE)_J2000.0=(21:29:58.33, +12:10:01.20)).
Note (3): Computed using actual residuals (1σ in the slope of the
proper motion fit).
Note (4): And that at T=0 derived from proper motion fit.
Note (5): Computed using expected errors (1σ in the slope of the
proper motion fit).
Note (6): Vega-mag, diff. reddening corrected.
Note (7): Using actual residuals (1σ) in the intercept of the proper
motion fit).
Note (8): In units of Julian yrs (1 yr=365.25 JDs, no leap seconds).
Note (9): Using expected errors (1σ) in the intercept of the proper
motion fit).
Note (10): To define the reference network of cluster members for global
(within same amplifier), 6-parameter linear transforms.
Note (11): To compute proper motions (independent measurements).
Note (12): Not GO-10775 ID.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Watkins et al. Paper II. 2015ApJ...803...29W 2015ApJ...803...29W Cat. J/ApJ/803/29
Watkins et al. Paper III. 2015ApJ...812..149W 2015ApJ...812..149W Cat. J/ApJ/812/149
Baldwin et al. Paper IV. 2016ApJ...827...12B 2016ApJ...827...12B Cat. J/ApJ/827/12
Bellini et al. Paper V. 2017ApJ...844..167B 2017ApJ...844..167B
Libralato et al. Paper VI. 2018ApJ...861...99L 2018ApJ...861...99L Cat. J/ApJ/861/99
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 31-Jul-2015