J/ApJ/798/54 "Under-massive" black hole candidates (Graham+, 2015)
The (black hole)-bulge mass scaling relation at low masses.
Graham A.W., Scott N.
<Astrophys. J., 798, 54 (2015)>
=2015ApJ...798...54G 2015ApJ...798...54G
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby ; Photometry, SDSS ; Redshifts ;
Active gal. nuclei
Keywords: black hole physics; galaxies: bulges;
galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: nuclei
Abstract:
Several recent papers have reported on the occurrence of active
galactic nuclei (AGNs) containing undermassive black holes relative to
a linear scaling relation between black hole mass (Mbh) and host
spheroid stellar mass (Msph,*). However, dramatic revisions to the
Mbh-Msph,* and Mbh-Lsph relations, based on samples containing
predominantly inactive galaxies, have recently identified a new
steeper relation at Mbh≲(2-10)x108M☉, roughly corresponding
to Msph,*≲(0.3-1)x1011M☉. We show that this steeper,
quadratic-like Mbh-Msph,* relation defined by the Sersic galaxies,
i.e., galaxies without partially depleted cores, roughly tracks the
apparent offset of the AGN having 105≲Mbh/M☉≲0.5x108.
That is, these AGNs are not randomly offset with low black hole
masses, but also follow a steeper (nonlinear) relation. As noted by
Busch et al. (2014, J/A+A/561/A140), confirmation or rejection of a
possible AGN offset from the steeper Mbh-M sph,* relation defined
by the Sersic galaxies will benefit from improved stellar
mass-to-light ratios for the spheroids hosting these AGNs. Several
implications for formation theories are noted. Furthermore, reasons
for possible under- and overmassive black holes, the potential
existence of intermediate mass black holes (<105M☉), and the
new steep (black hole)-(nuclear star cluster) relation,
Mbh∝Mnc2.7±0.7, are also discussed.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 85 35 "Undermassive" black hole sample
table3.dat 95 147 "Under-massive" black hole sample from
Jiang et al. (2011ApJ...737L..45J 2011ApJ...737L..45J)
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See also:
V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)
VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)
J/AJ/147/93 : Simulation of massive early type galaxies (Do+, 2014)
J/A+A/561/A140 : Low-luminosity type-1 QSO sample (Busch+, 2014)
J/ApJ/775/116 : z<0.06 active black hole gal. from SDSS-DR8 (Reines+, 2013)
J/ApJ/765/87 : Chandra obs. of the 2QZ Cluster 1004+00 (Lehmer+, 2013)
J/ApJ/755/167 : Low-mass black holes in SDSS Seyfert 1 gal. (Dong+, 2012)
J/ApJ/742/68 : HST observations of low-mass BH host galaxies (Jiang+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/414/888 : ATLAS3D project. III. (Emsellem+, 2011)
J/ApJ/699/800 : Mass functions of active black holes (Vestergaard+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/389/1924 : Old stellar systems (Forbes+, 2008)
J/A+A/486/85 : ACO496 low-luminosity early-type gal. (Chilingarian+, 2008)
J/ApJ/680/169 : SDSS DR5 virial black hole masses (Shen+, 2008)
J/ApJ/678/116 : AGNs in nuclear star clusters (Seth+, 2008)
J/ApJ/670/92 : New sample of low-mass black holes in AGN (Greene+, 2007)
J/AJ/131/1236 : Central black holes of spiral galaxies (Dong+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/363/1019 : Nucleated dwarf ellipticals in Virgo cluster (Grant+, 2005)
J/ApJ/596/437 : Stellar-mass black holes in the SDSS (Chisholm+, 2003)
J/A+AS/122/399 : K and evolutionary corrections (Poggianti, 1997)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- Ref Reference code (1)
6- 29 A24 --- Name Galaxy name
31- 36 F6.1 10+5Msun Mbh [0.8/1000] Black hole mass (or lower range
if Mbh2 is filled)
38- 40 F3.1 10+5Msun Mbh2 [6.6]? Upper range of Mbh
42- 44 F3.1 10+5Msun e_Mbh [0.3]? Mbh uncertainty
46- 51 F6.2 mag Magsph [-25/-17.4]? Absolute bulge magnitude
53- 54 A2 --- n_Magsph Band of Magsph: B, V, r or Ks
62- 64 F3.1 --- M/L [0.8/6]? Mass-to-Light ratio
66- 68 F3.1 --- e_M/L [1.5/2.5]? M/L uncertainty
70- 75 F6.2 10+9Msun Msph [1.2/164] Bulge stellar mass
77- 80 F4.1 10+9Msun E_Msph [3.6/28.6]? Positive error on Msph
82- 85 F4.1 10+9Msun e_Msph [3.5/28.6]? Negative error on Msph
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Note (1): References as follows:
T08 = Thornton et al. (2008ApJ...686..892T 2008ApJ...686..892T)
J13 = Jiang et al. (2013ApJ...770....3J 2013ApJ...770....3J)
Y14 = Yuan et al. (2014ApJ...782...55Y 2014ApJ...782...55Y)
R13a = Reines et al. (2013, J/ApJ/775/116), BPT AGNs
R13b = Reines et al. (2013, J/ApJ/775/116), BPT Composites
M12 = Mathur et al. (2012ApJ...754..146M 2012ApJ...754..146M)
B14 = Busch et al. (2014, J/A+A/561/A140)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 A4 --- --- [SDSS]
5- 23 A19 --- SDSS SDSS galaxy identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
25- 30 F6.4 --- z [0.01/0.7] Redshift (1)
32- 34 F3.1 [Msun] logMbh [4.8/8] Log virial black hole mass
estimate (1)
36 A1 --- l_Imag Limit flag on Imag
38- 42 F5.2 mag Imag [14.3/21.3] Bulge (F814W) I-band magnitude (1)
44- 47 F4.2 mag e_Imag [0.01/3]? Uncertainty in Imag
49- 53 F5.3 mag Ai [0.01/0.4] The i-band Galactic extinction;
55- 59 F5.3 mag Ag [0.02/0.7] The g-band Galactic extinction;
61- 65 F5.3 mag g-i [0.5/1.5]? SDSS DR6 (g-i) color index (2)
67- 70 F4.2 Sun M/L [0.4/1.4]? Mass-to-Light ratio (3)
72- 75 F4.2 --- b/a [0.3/1] Minor-to-major axis ratio
77 A1 --- l_Icmag Limit flag on Icmag
79- 83 F5.2 mag Icmag [13.4/20.4]? Final, correct I-band bulge
magnitude (see text for full details)
85 A1 --- l_Msph Limit flag on logMsph
87- 95 E9.3 Msun Msph ? Bulge stellar mass
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Note (1): From Jiang et al. (2011ApJ...737L..45J 2011ApJ...737L..45J; 2011, J/ApJ/742/68).
Note (2): The color has been corrected here for Galactic extinction
in the g and i bands.
Note (3): Obtained from equation 7 in Taylor et al. (2011MNRAS.418.1587T 2011MNRAS.418.1587T)
assuming Mi,Sun=4.15mag (Vega).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 15-May-2015