J/ApJ/799/29 BGPS. XII. DR2 distance catalog (Ellsworth-Bowers+, 2015)
The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey.
XII. Distance catalog expansion using kinematic isolation of dense molecular
cloud structures with 13CO(1-0).
Ellsworth-Bowers T.P., Rosolowsky E., Glenn J., Ginsburg A., Evans II N.J.,
Battersby C., Shirley Y.L., Svoboda B.
<Astrophys. J., 799, 29 (2015)>
=2015ApJ...799...29E 2015ApJ...799...29E
ADC_Keywords: Molecular clouds ; Millimetric/submm sources
Keywords: Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: structure; ISM: clouds;
methods: data analysis; stars: formation; submillimeter: ISM
Abstract:
We present an expanded distance catalog for 1710 molecular cloud
structures identified in the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS)
version 2, representing a nearly threefold increase over the previous
BGPS distance catalog. We additionally present a new method for
incorporating extant data sets into our Bayesian distance probability
density function (DPDF) methodology. To augment the dense-gas tracers
(e.g., HCO+(3-2), NH3(1,1)) used to derive line-of-sight
velocities for kinematic distances, we utilize the Galactic Ring
Survey (GRS) 13CO(1-0) data to morphologically extract velocities
for BGPS sources. The outline of a BGPS source is used to select a
region of the GRS 13CO data, along with a reference region to
subtract enveloping diffuse emission, to produce a line profile of
13CO matched to the BGPS source. For objects with a HCO+(3-2)
velocity, ∼95% of the new 13CO(1-0) velocities agree with that of
the dense gas. A new prior DPDF for kinematic distance ambiguity (KDA)
resolution, based on a validated formalism for associating molecular
cloud structures with known objects from the literature, is presented.
We demonstrate this prior using catalogs of masers with trigonometric
parallaxes and H II regions with robust KDA resolutions. The distance
catalog presented here contains well-constrained distance estimates
for 20% of BGPS V2 sources, with typical distance uncertainties
≲0.5kpc. Approximately 75% of the well-constrained sources lie within
6 kpc of the Sun, concentrated in the Scutum-Centaurus arm.
Galactocentric positions of objects additionally trace out portions of
the Sagittarius, Perseus, and Outer arms in the first and second
Galactic quadrants, and we also find evidence for significant regions
of interarm dense gas.
Description:
The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey version 2 (BGPS; Aguirre et al.
2011ApJS..192....4A 2011ApJS..192....4A; DR2, Ginsburg et al. 2013ApJS..208...14G 2013ApJS..208...14G), is a
λ=1.1mm continuum survey covering 192deg2 at 33" resolution.
All 6194 BGPS V1 sources with l≥7.5° were simultaneously observed
in the J=3-2 rotational transitions of HCO+ (ν=267.6GHz) and
N2H+ (ν=279.5GHz) with the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter
Telescope (HHT) on Mt. Graham, Arizona. To complement the HHT survey,
555 BGPS V1 sources in the range 29°≤l≤31° were observed in
the J=2-1 rotational transition of CS (ν=97.98GHz) using the
Arizona Radio Observatory 12m telescope on Kitt Peak (Y. Shirley 2012,
private communication). A further study of this Galactic longitude
range was observed in 2013 November at the HHT using the J=2-1
rotational transition of C18O (ν=219.6GHz). Finally, a total of
686 BGPS V1 sources in the inner Galaxy (Dunham et al. 2011,
J/ApJ/741/110) and Gemini OB1 molecular cloud complex (Dunham et al.
2010ApJ...717.1157D 2010ApJ...717.1157D) were observed in the lowest inversion transition
lines of NH3 near 24GHz with the Robert F. Byrd Green Bank Telescope
(GBT). See section 2.2.
The Galactic Ring Survey (GRS; Jackson et al. 2006ApJS..163..145J 2006ApJS..163..145J)
conducted large-scale observations of 13CO(1-0) emission in the
northern Galactic plane using the FCRAO 14m telescope.
The set of 441 HII regions with strong KDA resolution (quality factor
A or B; see Anderson et al. 2012, J/ApJ/754/62) from the various HRDS
(HII Region Discovery Survey; Bania et al. 2010ApJ...718L.106B 2010ApJ...718L.106B,
2012ApJ...759...96B 2012ApJ...759...96B) publications are gathered in Table 2 as a
reference for computing DPDFhrds (see section 5.2).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 46 441 HII region kinematic Distance Ambiguity resolutions
(KDA) from HRDS (HII Region Discovery Survey; Bania
et al. 2010ApJ...718L.106B 2010ApJ...718L.106B, 2012ApJ...759...96B 2012ApJ...759...96B)
table5.dat 115 3508 Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) version 2
distance catalog
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See also:
J/ApJS/209/2 : The BGPS X. Dense molecular gas (Shirley+, 2013)
J/ApJ/770/39 : BGPS VIII. MIR kinematic distances (Ellsworth-Bowers+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/426/1972 : Southern Galactic Plane Survey, HOPS. II (Purcell+, 2012)
J/A+A/544/A146 : ATLASGAL cold high-mass clumps with NH3 (Wienen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/754/62 : HRDS III. HII region kinematic distances (Anderson+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/422/3178 : Distances of 793 BGPS sources (Eden+, 2012)
J/ApJ/741/110 : The BGPS. VII. Massive star-forming regions (Dunham+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/416/1764 : H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) (Walsh+, 2011)
J/ApJS/195/14 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. V. (Schlingman+, 2011)
J/ApJ/731/90 : Mid-IR content of BGPS sources (Dunham+, 2011)
J/A+A/526/A151 : Hi-Gal sources distance determination (Russeil+, 2011)
J/ApJ/723/492 : Physical data of GRS molecular clouds (Roman-Duval+, 2010)
J/ApJS/188/123 : The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. II. (Rosolowsky+, 2010)
J/ApJ/699/1153 : Distances to GRS molecular clouds (Roman-Duval+, 2009)
J/ApJ/699/1092 : Giant molecular clouds (SRBY) (Heyer+, 2009)
J/ApJS/182/131 : Molecular clouds and clumps in the GRS (Rathborne+, 2009)
J/ApJ/690/706 : Distances of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2009)
J/ApJ/680/349 : Galactic distribution of IRDCs (Jackson+, 2008)
J/ApJ/653/1325 : Galactic distribution of infrared dark clouds (Simon+, 2006)
J/ApJ/639/227 : MSX IRDC candidate catalog (Simon+, 2006)
J/ApJS/144/47 : Outer galaxy molecular cloud catalog (Brunt+, 2003)
J/A+A/275/67 : Velocity Field of the outer Galaxy (Brand+ 1993)
http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/BOLOCAM_GPS : IRSA BGPS archive
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Object name (ALLL.ll+BB.bba or GLLL.lll+B.bbb;
C=compact, D=diffuse, U=ultra compact, see Ref)
16- 21 F6.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
23- 28 F6.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
30- 34 F5.1 km/s VLSR [-75.2/119.5] Local standard of rest velocity
36- 40 F5.2 kpc Dist [1.1/19.7] Heliocentric distance
42 A1 --- KDA [NFT] KDA resolution: N=near, F=far or T=tangent
44 A1 --- q_KDA [AB] Quality factor: A=most confident (1)
46 I1 --- Ref Reference (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Quality factor of the KDA resolution; see Anderson et al. 2012
(J/ApJ/754/62) for more details.
Bania et al. (2012ApJ...759...96B 2012ApJ...759...96B) do not assign a quality factor.
Note (2): Reference as follows:
1 = Anderson & Bania (2009, J/ApJ/690/706;
<[ABJ2009] ALLL.ll+BB.bba> in Simbad);
2 = Anderson et al. (2012, J/ApJ/754/62; in Simbad);
3 = Bania et al. (2012ApJ...759...96B 2012ApJ...759...96B; in Simbad).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I4 --- Seq [2216/8225] Bolocat V2.1 catalog number
6- 12 F7.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
14- 19 F6.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
21- 26 F6.2 Jy Flux [0.05/201] Integrated BGPS flux density (1.1mm)
28- 32 F5.2 Jy e_Flux [0.03/13] Standard error on flux
34- 38 F5.1 km/s VLSR [-73.6/121.6] LSR velocity
40- 44 A5 --- r_VLSR Reference for VLSR (1)
46 A1 --- KDA KDA resolution: N=near, F=far, T=tangent,
O=outer Galaxy, U=unconstrained
48- 51 F4.2 --- PML [0.5/1] Maximum-likelihood probability (2)
53- 58 F6.2 kpc dML [0.5/16.5]? Maximum-likelihood distance
60- 65 F6.2 kpc e_dML [0.02/2.4]? Lower error in dML
67- 72 F6.2 kpc E_dML [0.02/2.3]? Upper error in dML
74- 79 F6.2 kpc dbar [1.3/8.7]? Weighted-average distance
81- 86 F6.2 kpc e_dbar [0/1.4]? Error in dbar
88- 92 F5.2 kpc Rgal [1.5/12.1] Galactocentric radius (3)
94- 97 F4.2 kpc e_Rgal [0/1.3] Lower error in Rgal
99-102 F4.2 kpc E_Rgal [0/1.3] Upper error in Rgal
104-109 F6.1 pc Z [-130/267]? Galactocentric vertical position
111-115 F5.1 pc e_Z [5/53]? Error in Z (4)
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
1 = Shirley et al. (2013, J/ApJS/209/2);
2 = Y. Shirley (2012, private communication);
3 = Dunham et al. (2011, J/ApJ/741/110);
4 = Dunham et al. (2010ApJ...717.1157D 2010ApJ...717.1157D);
5 = M. Lichtenberger (2014, private communication);
6 = GRS (this work).
Note (2): The integrated posterior DPDF (distance probability density
function) on the dML side of the tangent point;
used as a proxy for the quality of the distance constraint.
Note (3): Rgal is unambiguous and is computed from VLSR and assumed uncertainty
of 7 km/s (Reid et al. 2009ApJ...700..137R 2009ApJ...700..137R) for sources without a
well-constrained distance estimate.
Note (4): Errors include contributions from variations in z along the line of
sight over the range d±σd and the ±5km/s uncertainty
in the solar offset above the Galactic midplane (Juric et al.
2008ApJ...673..864J 2008ApJ...673..864J), added in quadrature.
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Nomenclature note:
In table 5, BGPS sources are in Simbad.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Aguirre et al. Paper I. 2011ApJS..192....4A 2011ApJS..192....4A
Rosolowsky et al. Paper II. 2010ApJS..188..123R 2010ApJS..188..123R Cat. J/ApJS/188/123
Dunham et al. Paper III. 2010ApJ...717.1157D 2010ApJ...717.1157D
Bally et al. Paper IV. 2010ApJ...721..137B 2010ApJ...721..137B Cat. J/ApJ/721/137
Schlingman et al. Paper V. 2011ApJS..195...14S 2011ApJS..195...14S Cat. J/ApJS/195/14
Dunham et al. Paper VI. 2011ApJ...731...90D 2011ApJ...731...90D Cat. J/ApJ/731/90
Dunham et al. Paper VII. 2011ApJ...741..110D 2011ApJ...741..110D Cat. J/ApJ/741/110
Ellsworth-Bowers et al. Paper VIII. 2013ApJ...770...39E 2013ApJ...770...39E
Ginsburg et al. Paper IX. 2013ApJS..208...14G 2013ApJS..208...14G
Shirley et al. Paper X. 2013ApJS..209....2S 2013ApJS..209....2S Cat. J/ApJS/209/2
Merello et al. Paper XI. 2015ApJS..218....1M 2015ApJS..218....1M Cat. J/ApJS/218/1
Ellsworth-Bowers et al. Paper XII. 2015ApJ...799...29E 2015ApJ...799...29E This catalog
Ellsworth-Bowers et al. Paper XIII. 2015ApJ...805..157E 2015ApJ...805..157E Cat. J/ApJ/805/157
Svoboda et al. Paper XIV. 2016ApJ...822...59S 2016ApJ...822...59S Cat. J/ApJ/822/59
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 10-Jun-2015