J/ApJ/799/4 Robo-AO observations of binary stars (Riddle+, 2015)
A survey of the high order multiplicity of nearby solar-type binary stars with
Robo-AO.
Riddle R.L., Tokovinin A., Mason B.D., Hartkopf W.I., Roberts L.C.JR,
Baranec C., Law N.M., Bui K., Burse M.P., Das H.K., Dekany R.G.,
Kulkarni S., Punnadi S., Ramaprakash A.N., Tendulkar S.P.
<Astrophys. J., 799, 4 (2015)>
=2015ApJ...799....4R 2015ApJ...799....4R
ADC_Keywords: Photometry, VRI ; Stars, double and multiple
Keywords: binaries: close; binaries: general; instrumentation: adaptive optics;
stars: formation; techniques: high angular resolution
Abstract:
We conducted a survey of nearby binary systems composed of main
sequence stars of spectral types F and G in order to improve our
understanding of the hierarchical nature of multiple star systems.
Using Robo-AO, the first robotic adaptive optics instrument, we
collected high angular resolution images with deep and well-defined
detection limits in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey i' band. A total of
695 components belonging to 595 systems were observed. We prioritized
observations of faint secondary components with separations over 10"
to quantify the still poorly constrained frequency of their
subsystems. Of the 214 secondaries observed, 39 contain such
subsystems; 19 of those were discovered with Robo-AO. The
selection-corrected frequency of secondary subsystems with periods
from 103.5 to 105 days is 0.12±0.03, the same as the frequency
of such companions to the primary. Half of the secondary pairs belong
to quadruple systems where the primary is also a close pair, showing
that the presence of subsystems in both components of the outer binary
is correlated. The relatively large abundance of 2+2 quadruple systems
is a new finding, and will require more exploration of the formation
mechanism of multiple star systems. We also targeted close binaries
with periods less than 100 yr, searching for their distant tertiary
components, and discovered 17 certain and 2 potential new triples. In
a subsample of 241 close binaries, 71 have additional outer
companions. The overall frequency of tertiary components is not
enhanced, compared to all (non-binary) targets, but in the range of
outer periods from 106 to 107.5 days (separations on the order of
500AU), the frequency of tertiary components is 0.16±0.03, exceeding
the frequency of similar systems among all targets (0.09) by almost a
factor of two. Measurements of binary stars with Robo-AO allowed us to
compute first orbits for 9 pairs and to improve orbits of another 11
pairs.
Description:
The instrument used for this survey was Robo-AO on the Palomar
Observatory 60 inch (1.5m) telescope (P60) between 2012 Aug 31 and
2013 August 21.
Baranec et al. (2013JVE....7250021B) and Baranec et al.
(2014ApJ...790L...8B 2014ApJ...790L...8B) describe the operation and the science
instrumentation of the Robo-AO system.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 72 695 List of observed components belonging to
595 systems and detection limits
table4.dat 93 425 Measurements of binary stars with Robo-AO
table5.dat 103 96 New pairs resolved with Robo-AO
refs.dat 91 77 References
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See also:
B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2014)
B/sb9 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2004)
I/322 : UCAC4 Catalogue (Zacharias+, 2012)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
J/AJ/147/123 : Speckle interferometry with SOAR in 2012-2013 (Tokovinin+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/86 : From binaries to multiples I. The FG-67 sample (Tokovinin, 2014)
J/AJ/144/102 : Catalog of wide companions to Hipparcos stars (Tokovinin+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/56 : Speckle interferometry at SOAR in 2012 (Tokovinin+, 2012)
J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)
J/AJ/144/7 : NIR imaging of Hipparcos astrometric binaries (Tokovinin+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/421/2498 : Stellar companions of exoplanet host stars (Ginski+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/42 : SOAR speckle interferometry in 2010-2011 (Hartkopf+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/10 : 2008-2009 WIYN speckle obs. of binaries. VII. (Horch+, 2012)
J/AJ/142/56 : Speckle interferometry at the USNO station (Hartkopf+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/52 : Low-mass visual companions to nearby G-dwarfs (Tokovinin, 2011)
J/AJ/140/1657 : PHASES diff. astrometry data archive. V. (Muterspaugh+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/AJ/139/743 : Speckle interferometry in 2008-09 (Tokovinin+, 2010)
J/AJ/138/813 : Speckle interferometry at Mount Wilson Obs. (Hartkopf+, 2009)
J/ApJS/181/62 : Survey of young solar analogs (Metchev+, 2009)
J/AJ/137/3358 : Speckle interferometry of massive stars (Mason+, 2009)
J/AJ/135/1334 : Speckle interferometry at the USNO station (Hartkopf+, 2008)
J/AJ/134/2353 : Observations of contact binaries (Rucinski+, 2007)
J/AJ/131/2687 : Speckle interferometry at USNO. XI (Mason+, 2006)
J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectroscopic binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)
J/AJ/129/2420 : Proper motion derivatives of binaries (Makarov+, 2005)
J/AJ/123/1023 : Binary star orbits (Seymour+, 2002)
J/A+A/382/118 : Spectroscopic sub-systems in multiple stars (Tokovinin+, 2002)
J/AJ/121/3224 : Speckle interferometry of HIP binaries (Mason+, 2001)
J/A+A/341/121 : Visual binary orbits and masses (Soederhjelm 1999)
J/ApJS/117/587 : Observations of double stars. XVIII. (Heintz 1998)
J/A+AS/124/75 : Multiple star catalogue (MSC) (Tokovinin 1997-1999)
http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/dsl.html#iau : IAU comission 26: multiple stars
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 I6 --- HIP Hipparcos number of the primary component
in each system
8 A1 --- m_HIP Component identifier
10- 11 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
16- 20 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
22 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
29- 32 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
34- 38 F5.2 mag Vmag [3.4/17]?=0 The V band magnitude from Hipparcos
40- 45 F6.1 arcsec Sep [0/1156] Separation from primary
47- 55 F9.4 yr Epoch [2012.6/2013.7] Epoch of observation
57- 59 F3.1 mag Sep0.15 [0/4] Detection limit Δm(0.15arcsec)
61- 63 F3.1 mag Sep0.8 [1/6] Detection limit Δm(0.8arcsec)
65- 67 F3.1 mag Sep2.1 [1/9] Detection limit Δm(2.1arcsec)
69- 72 F4.1 arcsec rho [2.5/22] Maximum separation of detectable
satellite (distance to nearest frame border)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- WDS WDS designation (HHMMm+DDMM; J2000)
12- 19 A8 --- Disc Discoverer designation
21- 25 A5 --- m_Disc WDS component
27- 32 I6 --- HIP Hipparcos number of the primary component
in each system
33 A1 --- m_HIP Component identifier
35- 43 F9.4 yr Epoch [2012.6/2013.7] Epoch of observation
45- 46 I2 --- N [1/10] Number of observations
48- 52 F5.1 deg PA [0/360] Position angle θ
54- 56 F3.1 deg e_PA [0/2.6] The 1σ error in PA
58- 63 F6.3 arcsec rho [0.09/38.7] Separation ρ
65- 69 F5.1 arcsec e_rho [0/352.1] The 1σ error in rho
71- 74 F4.2 mag Dmag [0/7.1] Magnitude difference between components
76- 77 A2 --- f_Dmag [:zrw] Flag on Dmag (1)
79- 83 F5.1 deg (O-C)t ? The (O-C) residual in PA
85- 90 F6.3 arcsec (O-C)r ? The (O-C) residual in rho
92- 93 I2 --- Ref ? Reference code (see refs.dat file)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
: = weak speckle signal or blind deconvolution;
z = z bandpass used instead of i;
r = r bandpass used instead of i;
w = LP600 filter used instead of i.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- WDS WDS designation (HHMMm+DDMM; J2000)
12- 17 I6 --- HIP Hipparcos number of the primary component
in each system
19- 30 A12 --- Disc Discoverer designation
32 I1 --- N [1/5] Number of observations
34- 38 F5.1 deg PA [0/360] Position angle (θ)
40- 46 F7.4 arcsec rho [0.09/39] Separation
48- 51 F4.2 mag Dmag [0/7] Magnitude difference between components
52 A1 --- u_Dmag Uncertainty flag on Dmag
54-103 A50 --- Notes Status and remarks (1)
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Note (1): Status of the measured binary pairs
(the reasons for this classification are between parentheses):
P = true physical binaries,
O = chance optical alignments of unrelated stars
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 44 A21 --- Aut Author's name(s)
46- 91 A46 --- Comm Comment
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 09-Jun-2015