J/ApJ/801/91 Gould's Belt Very Large Array survey. IV. Taurus (Dzib+, 2015)
The Gould's Belt Very Large Array survey.
IV. The Taurus-Auriga complex.
Dzib S.A., Loinard L., Rodriguez L.F., Mioduszewski A.J., Ortiz-Leon G.N.,
Kounkel M.A., Pech G., Rivera J.L., Torres R.M., Boden A.F., Hartmann L.,
Evans II N.J., Briceno C., Tobin J.
<Astrophys. J., 801, 91 (2015)>
=2015ApJ...801...91D 2015ApJ...801...91D
ADC_Keywords: Radio continuum ; YSOs ; Molecular clouds ;
Cross identifications ; Surveys
Keywords: radio continuum: stars; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal;
radiation mechanisms: thermal; techniques: interferometric
Abstract:
We present a multi-epoch radio study of the Taurus-Auriga star-forming
complex made with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at frequencies
of 4.5GHz and 7.5GHz. We detect a total of 610 sources, 59 of which
are related to young stellar objects (YSOs) and 18 to field stars. The
properties of 56% of the young stars are compatible with non-thermal
radio emission. We also show that the radio emission of more evolved
YSOs tends to be more non-thermal in origin and, in general, that
their radio properties are compatible with those found in other
star-forming regions. By comparing our results with previously
reported X-ray observations, we notice that YSOs in Taurus-Auriga
follow a Gudel-Benz relation with κ=0.03, as we previously
suggested for other regions of star formation. In general, YSOs in
Taurus-Auriga and in all the previous studied regions seem to follow
this relation with a dispersion of ∼1dex. Finally, we propose that
most of the remaining sources are related with extragalactic objects
but provide a list of 46 unidentified radio sources whose radio
properties are compatible with a YSO nature.
Description:
The observations were obtained with the Karl G. Jansky VLA of the
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). Two frequency sub-bands,
each 1GHz wide, and centered at 4.5 and 7.5GHz, respectively, were
recorded simultaneously. The observations were obtained on three
different time periods (February 25/26/28 to March 6; April
12/17/20/25, and April 30 to May 1/5/14/22 in 2011) typically
separated from one another by a month.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 120 610 Radio sources detected in Taurus-Auriga
table4.dat 99 327 Radio sources with known counterparts
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See also:
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
II/306 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 8 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2011)
VII/244 : Atlas and Catalog of Dark Clouds (Dobashi+, 2005)
IX/10 : ROSAT All-Sky Bright Source Catalogue (1RXS) (Voges+ 1999)
VIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)
J/ApJS/216/26 : T Tauri in Taurus-Auriga with GALEX (Gomez de Castro+, 2015)
J/ApJ/745/119 : Close companions to young stars. I. ChaI+Tau (Nguyen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/745/19 : Binary systems in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2012)
J/ApJS/196/4 : New young star candidates in Taurus-Auriga (Rebull+, 2011)
J/ApJ/724/835 : The Spitzer c2d survey of WTTSs. III. (Wahhaj+, 2010)
J/ApJ/720/480 : DISCS. I. Taurus protoplanetary disk data (Oberg+, 2010)
J/AJ/140/1214 : NIR spectroscopic survey of class I YSOs (Connelley+, 2010)
J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)
J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)
J/ApJ/689/108 : MASIV survey. II. First four epochs (Lovell+, 2008)
J/A+A/468/353 : XMM-Newton Extended Survey of Taurus (Guedel+, 2007)
J/ApJ/653/657 : Spectroscopic obs. of Herbig Ae/Be stars (Manoj+, 2006)
J/ApJ/578/914 : Low-mass stars in Taurus (Hartmann, 2002)
J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)
J/A+A/297/391 : T Tauri stars ROSAT survey (Neuhaeuser+, 1995)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 19 A19 --- Name GBS-VLA Name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
21 A1 --- l_F4.5 [<] Limit flag on F4.5
22- 30 E9.3 mJy F4.5 [0.06/158] Flux density at 4.5GHz
32- 38 E7.2 mJy e_F4.5 [0.01/18] F4.5 error from statistical noise in image
40- 46 E7.2 mJy s_F4.5 [0.004/8] F4.5 error from systematic uncertainty (1)
48 A1 --- l_V4.5 [>] Limit flag on V4.5
49- 54 F6.3 % V4.5 [0/96] Variability at 4.5GHz
56- 61 F6.3 % e_V4.5 [0/33] Error in V4.5
63 A1 --- l_F7.5 [<] Limit flag on F7.5
64- 71 E8.3 mJy F7.5 [0/151]?=0 Flux density at 7.5GHz
73- 79 E7.2 mJy e_F7.5 [0/54]?=0 F7.5 error from statistical noise in image
81- 87 E7.2 mJy s_F7.5 [0/8]?=0 F7.5 error from systematic uncertainty (1)
89 A1 --- l_V7.5 [>] Limit flag on V7.5
90- 95 F6.3 % V7.5 [0/97]? Variability at 7.5GHz
97 A1 --- f_V7.5 [a] Source undetected on individual images (2)
99-104 F6.3 % e_V7.5 [0/58]?=0 Error in variability at 7.5GHz
106 A1 --- l_SI [<>] Limit flag on SI
107-112 F6.3 --- SI [-2.6/2.4]? Spectral index
114 A1 --- f_SI [E] Extended source (3)
116-120 F5.3 --- e_SI [0/1.4]? Spectral index error
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Note (1): From possible errors in flux calibration.
Note (2):
a = Source not detected at three times the noise level on individual
epochs, but detected on the image of the concatenated epochs.
Note (3):
E = The source is extended and variability and spectral index
were not calculated.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 19 A19 --- Name GBS-VLA Name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
21- 44 A24 --- Other Other names
46- 66 A21 --- Xray X-ray counterpart (1)
68 A1 --- SST [Y-] Spitzer space telescope counterpart (2)
70 A1 --- 2M [Y-] 2MASS counterpart (3)
72 A1 --- W [Y-] WISE counterpart (4)
74- 80 A7 --- Radio Radio counterpart (5)
82- 99 A18 --- Type Object type (6)
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Note (1): Abbreviation are:
XEST = Guedel et al. (2007, J/A+A/468/353);
1RXS = Voges et al. (1999, IX/10);
RX = Neuhaeuser et al. (1995, J/A+A/297/391);
BFR2003 = Bally et al. (2003ApJ...584..843B 2003ApJ...584..843B).
Note (2): From Padgett et al. (2007AAS...211.2904P 2007AAS...211.2904P)
Note (3): From Cutri et al. (2003, II/246; 2MASS)
Note (4): From Cutri et al. (2013, II/328; AllWISE)
Note (5): Reference as follows:
NVSS = Condon et al. (1998, VIII/65);
BW = Becker & White (1985ApJ...297..649B 1985ApJ...297..649B);
SBS = Skinner et al. (1993ApJS...87..217S 1993ApJS...87..217S);
OFMM = O'Neal et al. (1990AJ....100.1610O 1990AJ....100.1610O);
LRDRG = Loinard et al. (2007ApJ...671..546L 2007ApJ...671..546L);
RAR = Rodriguez et al. (1995ApJ...454L.149R 1995ApJ...454L.149R);
CB = Cohen & Bieging (1986AJ.....92.1396C 1986AJ.....92.1396C);
ARC92 = Anglada et al. (1992ApJ...395..494A 1992ApJ...395..494A);
RRAB = Reipurth et al. (2004AJ....127.1736R 2004AJ....127.1736R);
B96 = Bontemps S. (1996, PhD thesis, Univ. Paris XI);
GRL2000 = Giovanardi et al. (2000ApJ...538..728G 2000ApJ...538..728G);
RR98 = Rodriguez & Reipurth (1998RMxAA..34...13R 1998RMxAA..34...13R).
Note (6): Abbreviation are:
YSO = Young Stellar Object (59 sources);
E = Extragalactic;
S = field Star (18 sources);
[SDSS] = classification from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey;
[simbad] = classification from SIMBAD.
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Acknowledgements:
Sergio Dzib [Max Planck Institut fur Radioastronomie] for a completed
version of table 4.
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Dzib et al. Paper I. Ophiuchus. 2013ApJ...775...63D 2013ApJ...775...63D J/ApJ/775/63
Ortiz-Leon et al. Paper II. Serpens. 2015ApJ...805....9O 2015ApJ...805....9O J/ApJ/805/9
Kounkel et al. Paper III. Orion region. 2014ApJ...790...49K 2014ApJ...790...49K J/ApJ/790/49
Pech et al. Paper V. Perseus region. 2016ApJ...818..116P 2016ApJ...818..116P
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 16-Jul-2015