J/ApJ/803/34 z∼4-10 galaxies from HST legacy fields (Bouwens+, 2015)
UV luminosity functions at redshifts z∼4 to z∼10: 10000 galaxies from
HST legacy fields.
Bouwens R.J., Illingworth G.D., Oesch P.A., Trenti M., Labbe I.,
Bradley L., Carollo M., van Dokkum P.G., Gonzalez V., Holwerda B.,
Franx M., Spitler L., Smit R., Magee D.
<Astrophys. J., 803, 34 (2015)>
=2015ApJ...803...34B 2015ApJ...803...34B
ADC_Keywords: Surveys ; Galaxies, IR ; Redshifts ; Photometry, HST
Keywords: galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift
Abstract:
The remarkable Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data sets from the
CANDELS, HUDF09, HUDF12, ERS, and BoRG/HIPPIES programs have allowed
us to map the evolution of the rest-frame UV luminosity function (LF)
from z∼10 to z∼4. We develop new color criteria that more optimally
utilize the full wavelength coverage from the optical, near-IR, and
mid-IR observations over our search fields, while simultaneously
minimizing the incompleteness and eliminating redshift gaps. We have
identified 5859, 3001, 857, 481, 217, and 6 galaxy candidates at z∼4,
z∼5, z∼6, z∼7, z∼8, and z∼10, respectively, from the ∼1000arcmin2
area covered by these data sets. This sample of >10000 galaxy
candidates at z≥4 is by far the largest assembled to date with HST.
The selection of z∼4-8 candidates over the five CANDELS fields allows
us to assess the cosmic variance; the largest variations are at z≥7.
Our new LF determinations at z∼4 and z∼5 span a 6 mag baseline and
reach to -16 AB mag. These determinations agree well with previous
estimates, but the larger samples and volumes probed here result in a
more reliable sampling of >L* galaxies and allow us to
reassess the form of the UV LFs. Our new LF results strengthen our
earlier findings to 3.4σ significance for a steeper faint-end
slope of the UV LF at z>4, with α evolving from
α=-1.64±0.04 at z∼4 to α=-2.06±0.13 at z∼7 (and
α=-2.02±0.23 at z∼8), consistent with that expected from the
evolution of the halo mass function. We find less evolution in the
characteristic magnitude M* from z∼7 to z∼4 the observed evolution
in the LF is now largely represented by changes in φ*. No
evidence for a non-Schechter-like form to the z∼4-8 LFs is found. A
simple conditional LF model based on halo growth and evolution in the
M/L ratio (α(1+z-1.5) of halos provides a good representation
of the observed evolution.
Description:
The present determinations of the UV LFs at z∼4-10 make use of
essentially all the ultra-deep, wide-area observations obtained as
part of the HUDF09+HUDF12 (Illingworth et al. 2013ApJS..209....6I 2013ApJS..209....6I),
ERS, and CANDELS programs, in conjunction with archival HST
observations over these fields. The pure-parallel observations from
the BoRG/HIPPIES programs (Trenti et al. 2011ApJ...727L..39T 2011ApJ...727L..39T; Yan et
al. 2011ApJ...728L..22Y 2011ApJ...728L..22Y) are also utilized.
Observations over these fields reach as deep as 30mag (5σ),
cover a total area of ∼750arcmin2, and include deep coverage in at
least six passbands from HST and Spitzer, from ∼0.6 to 4.5um. A
∼1000arcmin2 area is leveraged in total including the BoRG/HIPPIES
program.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 62 10421 A complete list of the sources included in our
z∼4, z∼5, z∼6, z∼7, z∼8, and z∼10 samples
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See also:
III/268 : DEEP2 Redshift Survey, Data Release 4 (Matthews+ 2013)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/318 : GOODS Source Catalogs release r2.0z (Giavalisco+ 2008)
II/284 : COSMOS Multi-Wavelength Photometry Catalog (Capak+, 2007)
II/261 : GOODS initial results (Giavalisco+, 2004)
J/A+A/570/A11 : The Hawk-I UDS and GOODS Survey (HUGS) (Fontana+, 2014)
J/AJ/148/13 : Redshifts of 65 CANDELS supernovae (Rodney+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/440/2810 : Galaxy luminosity function at z ≃ 7 (Bowler+, 2014)
J/ApJ/780/34 : H160-selected galaxies in the HUDF (Lundgren+, 2014)
J/ApJS/207/24 : GOODS-S CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Guo+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/432/2696 : Galaxy luminosity function at z = 7-9 (McLure+, 2013)
J/ApJS/206/10 : CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Galametz+, 2013)
J/ApJ/769/80 : Spitzer/IRAC observations of five deep fields (Ashby+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/428/1128 : UDS/COSMOS HiZELS galaxies (Sobral+, 2013)
J/ApJ/756/164 : UV galaxies in CANDELS from z=8 to z=4 (Finkelstein+, 2012)
J/ApJ/754/83 : UV continuum for z∼4-7 star-forming gal. (Bouwens+, 2012)
J/A+A/544/A156 : UltraVISTA Catalogue Release DR1 (McCracken+, 2012)
J/ApJ/742/111 : Extreme emission-line gal. in CANDELS (van der Wel+, 2011)
J/ApJ/738/69 : SEDs of galaxies at 3.8<z<5 in GOODS (Shim+, 2011)
J/ApJ/695/1591 : Spectrophotometry in PEARS fields (Pirzkal+, 2009)
J/ApJS/176/1 : Subaru/XMM-Newton deep survey (SXDS). II. (Furusawa+, 2008)
J/ApJ/653/53 : z∼6 galaxies UV luminosity function (Bouwens+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/1729 : HUDF BVI-dropout sources (Beckwith+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/926 : Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (Coe+, 2006)
J/ApJ/613/200 : Hubble Higher z Supernova Search, HHZSS (Strolger+, 2004)
J/ApJ/612/L93 : Candidates of z∼5.5-7 galaxies in the HST-UDF (Yan+, 2004)
J/ApJ/606/L25 : Hubble Ultra Deep Parallel Fields (Bouwens+, 2004)
J/ApJ/600/L99 : Colours of z∼6 galaxies in GOODS (Dickinson+, 2004)
J/AJ/127/180 : The Hawaii Hubble Deep Field North (Capak+, 2004)
J/ApJ/519/1 : Lyman-break galaxies at z ≳ 4 (Steidel+, 1999)
J/MNRAS/300/303 : UV-selected galaxy redshift survey (Treyer+, 1998)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 19 A19 --- ID Source identifier
21- 22 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 25 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
27- 31 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
40- 43 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
45- 49 F5.2 mag F160W [22.5/31] Measured HST F160W-band AB
magnitude (H160)
51- 52 I2 --- zset [4/10] Sample number (1)
54- 55 I2 --- dset [2/10] Data set number (2)
57- 61 F5.2 --- zphot [2.5/10.2] Photometric redshift as estimated
by EAZY (3)
62 A1 --- f_zphot [*] redshift possibly lower (4)
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Note (1): The mean redshift of the sample in which the source was found.
Note (2): The data set from which the source was selected
(see section 2 for further details):
1 = HUDF/XDF (Illingworth et al. 2013ApJS..209....6I 2013ApJS..209....6I);
2 = HUDF09-1 (Bouwens+, 2011ApJ...737...90B 2011ApJ...737...90B; 169 sources);
3 = HUDF09-2 (Bouwens+, 2011ApJ...737...90B 2011ApJ...737...90B; 990 sources);
4 = ERS (Windhorst et al. 2011ApJS..193...27W 2011ApJS..193...27W; 1134 sources);
5 = CANDELS GOODS-S (Grogin et al. 2011ApJS..197...35G 2011ApJS..197...35G; 2983 sources);
6 = CANDELS GOODS-N (Grogin et al. 2011ApJS..197...35G 2011ApJS..197...35G; 3919 sources);
7 = CANDELS UDS (Grogin et al. 2011ApJS..197...35G 2011ApJS..197...35G; 327 sources);
8 = CANDELS COSMOS (Grogin et al. 2011ApJS..197...35G 2011ApJS..197...35G; 392 sources);
9 = CANDELS EGS (Grogin et al. 2011ApJS..197...35G 2011ApJS..197...35G; 484 sources);
10 = BoRG/HIPPIES or other pure-parallel programs (23 sources).
Note (3): Assumes that all sources are in the range z=2.5-11.
Note (4): Higher Probability for Being at Low-Redshift.
* = For a flat redshift prior, the EAZY photometric redshift code
(Brammer et al. 2008ApJ...686.1503B 2008ApJ...686.1503B) estimates that this source shows
at least a 68% probability for having a redshift significantly lower
than the nominal low-redshift limit for the nominal sample, i.e., z<2.5,
z<3.5, z<4.4, z<5.4, z<6.3, and z<8 for candidate z∼4, z∼5, z∼6,
z∼7, z∼8, and z∼10 galaxies, respectively.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 03-Aug-2015