J/ApJ/805/90 WISE ELIRGs and comparison with QSOs (Tsai+, 2015)
The most luminous galaxies discovered by WISE.
Tsai C.-W., Eisenhardt P.R.M., Wu J., Stern D., Assef R.J., Blain A.W.,
Bridge C.R., Benford D.J., Cutri R.M., Griffith R.L., Jarrett T.H.,
Lonsdale C.J., Masci F.J., Moustakas L.A., Petty S.M., Sayers J.,
Stanford S.A., Wright E.L., Yan L., Leisawitz D.T., Liu F., Mainzer A.K.,
McLean I.S., Padgett D.L., Skrutskie M.F., Gelino C.R., Beichman C.A.,
Juneau S.
<Astrophys. J., 805, 90 (2015)>
=2015ApJ...805...90T 2015ApJ...805...90T
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, IR ; QSOs ; Photometry, infrared ; Energy distributions
Keywords: galaxies: active; infrared: galaxies;
quasars: supermassive black holes
Abstract:
We present 20 Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)-selected
galaxies with bolometric luminosities Lbol>1014L☉, including
five with infrared luminosities
LIR≡L(rest8-1000µm)>1014L☉. These "extremely
luminous infrared galaxies", or ELIRGs, were discovered using the
"W1W2-dropout" selection criteria which requires marginal or
non-detections at 3.4 and 4.6µm (W1 and W2, respectively) but
strong detections at 12 and 22µm in the WISE survey. Their spectral
energy distributions are dominated by emission at rest-frame
4-10µm, suggesting that hot dust with Td∼450K is responsible for
the high luminosities. These galaxies are likely powered by highly
obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and there is no evidence
suggesting these systems are beamed or lensed. We compare this
WISE-selected sample with 116 optically selected quasars that reach
the same Lbol level, corresponding to the most luminous unobscured
quasars in the literature. We find that the rest-frame 5.8 and
7.8µm luminosities of the WISE-selected ELIRGs can be 30%-80%
higher than that of the unobscured quasars. The existence of AGNs with
Lbol>1014L☉ at z>3 suggests that these supermassive black
holes are born with large mass, or have very rapid mass assembly. For
black hole seed masses ∼103M☉, either sustained
super-Eddington accretion is needed, or the radiative efficiency must
be <15%, implying a black hole with slow spin, possibly due to chaotic
accretion.
Description:
The WISE ELIRGs presented in this paper are from the subset of Hot
DOGs selected from the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog (Cutri et al. 2012,
II/311) with spectroscopic redshifts (P. R. M. Eisenhardt et al. 2015,
in preparation) and far-infrared photometry. The photometric
measurements used in this paper are listed in Table 2. We include
measurements of optical r'-band and selected near-IR bands from
ground-based follow-up observations, mid-IR photometry from WISE
(Cutri et al. 2013, II/328) and the Spitzer Space Telescope, and
far-IR photometry from the Herschel Space Telescope (PI: P.
Eisenhardt, Proposal ID: OT1peisenha1 and OT2peisenha2).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 44 20 Properties of WISE extremely luminous infrared
galaxies (ELIRGs)
table2.dat 97 20 Photometry of WISE ELIRGs
table3.dat 74 116 Properties of optically selected quasars
with Lbol>10+14L☉
table4.dat 101 116 Photometry of optically selected quasars
with Lbol>10+14L☉
table5.dat 48 20 Luminosities of WISE ELIRGs
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See also:
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)
II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)
VII/258 : Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei (13th Ed.) (Veron+ 2010)
VII/260 : The SDSS-DR7 quasar catalog (Schneider+, 2010)
VII/241 : The 2dF QSO Redshift Survey (Croom+ 2004)
J/ApJ/804/27 : NIR photometry of hot dust-obscured galaxies (Assef+, 2015)
J/ApJ/773/14 : BOSS: quasar luminosity function (Ross+, 2013)
J/ApJ/772/26 : AGN with WISE. II. The NDWFS Bootes field (Assef+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/45 : Luminosity function of broad-line quasars. II. (Kelly+, 2013)
J/ApJ/761/184 : IR luminosities for dusty AGNs and QSOs (Weedman+, 2012)
J/ApJ/761/140 : Spectroscopy of Herschel-SPIRE galaxies (Casey+, 2012)
J/ApJ/744/150 : Dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) at z≃2 (Bussmann+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/148 : IR photometry of brown dwarf and Hyper-LIRG (Griffith+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/125 : SED of 113 dust-obscured galaxies at z∼2 (Melbourne+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/405/2302 : Improved redshifts for SDSS quasar spectra (Hewett+, 2010)
J/ApJ/713/970 : Low-resolution SED templates for AGNs & gal. (Assef+, 2010)
J/A+A/495/691 : Multifrequency catalog of blazars, Roma-BZCAT (Massaro+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/392/19 : The 2dF-SDSS QSO survey (Croom+, 2009)
J/ApJS/175/191 : Variables from 2MASS calibration fields (Plavchan+, 2008)
J/ApJ/663/81 : SED of hard X-ray selected AGN in XMDS (Polletta+, 2007)
J/ApJ/642/673 : IR-selected obscured AGN candidates (Polletta+, 2006)
J/ApJ/633/630 : Low-mass stars found in CFHTLS (Willott+, 2005)
J/A+AS/123/219 : The B3-VLA Quasar Sample (Vigotti+ 1997)
J/A+AS/119/265 : High probability quasar candidates (Iovino+, 1996)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- ID Source designation (WHHMM+DDMM; J2000)
12- 13 I2 h RAh WISE hour of right ascension (J2000)
15- 16 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
18- 22 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
24 A1 --- DE- WISE sign of declination (J2000)
25- 26 I2 deg DEd WISE degree of declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
31- 34 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
36- 40 F5.3 --- z [2.6/4.6] Redshift
42 A1 --- n_z [a] a: Redshift from Wu et al.
(2012ApJ...756...96W 2012ApJ...756...96W)
44 A1 --- q_z [AB] Quality of the redshift (A=secure) (1)
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Note (1): The redshift quality flag "A" indicates unambiguous redshift
typically determined from multiple emission or absorption features.
The flag "B" signifies a less secure redshift determined from a
robustly detected line but with uncertain identification of the line
(Stern et al. 2002, J/AJ/123/2223).
The typical uncertainty in the redshift is Δz∼0.002.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- ID Source designation (WHHMM+DDMM; J2000)
12 A1 --- l_Sr' 3σ upper limit flag on Sr'
14- 17 F4.1 uJy Sr' [0.6/10.2]? r'band flux density
19- 21 F3.1 uJy e_Sr' [0.1/0.5]? 1σ uncertainty on Sr'
23 A1 --- f_Sr' [a] Unpublished r' (1)
25- 26 I2 uJy S3.6 [15/58] Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um flux density
28 I1 uJy e_S3.6 [2/8] 1σ uncertainty on S3.6
30 A1 --- f_S3.6 [b] S3.6 from WISE (1)
32- 33 I2 uJy S4.5 [17/99] Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um flux density
35- 36 I2 uJy e_S4.5 [1/12] 1σ uncertainty on S4.5
38 A1 --- f_S4.5 [b] S4.5 from WISE (1)
40- 42 F3.1 mJy S12 [0.7/5] WISE 12um flux density
44- 46 F3.1 mJy e_S12 [0.1/0.2] 1σ uncertainty on S12
48- 51 F4.1 mJy S22 [8.4/27.5] WISE 22um flux density
53- 55 F3.1 mJy e_S22 [0.8/1.6] 1σ uncertainty on S22
57 A1 --- l_S70 3σ upper limit flag on S70
59- 60 I2 mJy S70 [20/94]? Herschel/PACS 70um flux density
62 I1 mJy e_S70 [2/3]? 1σ uncertainty on S70
64 A1 --- l_S160 3σ upper limit flag on S160
66- 68 I3 mJy S160 [30/219]? Herschel/PACS 160um flux density
70- 71 I2 mJy e_S160 [2/10]? 1σ uncertainty on S160
73 A1 --- l_S250 3σ upper limit flag on S250
75- 77 I3 mJy S250 [27/213] Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux density
79- 80 I2 mJy e_S250 [9/12]? 1σ uncertainty on S250
82 A1 --- l_S350 3σ upper limit flag on S350
84- 86 I3 mJy S350 [30/138] Herschel/SPIRE 350um flux density
88- 89 I2 mJy e_S350 [10/16]? 1σ uncertainty on S350
91 A1 --- l_S500 3σ upper limit flag on S500
93- 94 I2 mJy S500 [22/97] Herschel/SPIRE 500um flux density
96- 97 I2 mJy e_S500 [11/15]? 1σ uncertainty on S500
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
a = Ground-based r'-band photometry from P. R. M. Eisenhardt et al.
(2015, in preparation).
b = Data from WISE 3.4 or 4.6um measurements. We convert the data to
IRAC [3.6] and [4.5] using the color correction [3.6]=W1-0.29x(W1-W2).
The anticipated color difference in between IRAC [4.5] and WISE [4.6] is
less than 0.1 magnitude, or about 10% in flux density, thus no color
correction has been applied for that band. See section 2.1.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 19 A19 --- ID Source identifier
21- 22 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 25 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
27- 31 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
40- 43 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
45- 49 F5.3 --- z [1.2/4.9] Redshift
51- 54 F4.2 10+14Lsun Lbol [1/3.2] Bolometric luminosity; see Section 3.3
56- 74 A19 --- r_z Reference for z (1)
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
V10 = Veron-Cetty & Veron (2010, VII/258);
C04 = Croom et al. (2004, VII/241);
C09 = Croom et al. (2009, J/MNRAS/392/19);
S10 = Schneider et al. (2010, VII/260);
P12 = Paris et al. (2012, VII/269);
DR10 = Ahn et al. (2014ApJS..211...17A 2014ApJS..211...17A);
NED = 2013 April version of HyLIRG list from NED
(NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 21 A21 --- ID Source identifier
23- 26 F4.2 mJy SR [0.05/7] The R band flux density
28- 31 F4.2 mJy e_SR [0.02/2] The 1σ uncertainty in SR
33- 37 F5.2 mJy S3.4 [0.3/10.5] WISE 3.4um flux density
39- 42 F4.2 mJy e_S3.4 [0.01/0.3] The 1σ uncertainty in S3.4
44- 48 F5.2 mJy S4.6 [0.2/19.9] WISE 4.6um flux density
50- 53 F4.2 mJy e_S4.6 [0.01/0.4] The 1σ uncertainty in S4.6
55- 58 F4.1 mJy S12 [0.8/54.7] WISE 12 micron band flux density
60- 62 F3.1 mJy e_S12 [0.1/0.7] The 1σ uncertainty in S12
64- 68 F5.1 mJy S22 [3/115.4] WISE 22 micron band flux density
70- 72 F3.1 mJy e_S22 [0.5/4.1] The 1σ uncertainty in S22
74- 76 I3 mJy S70 [16/128]? Herschel/PACS 70 micron band flux density
78 I1 mJy e_S70 [2/3]? The 1σ uncertainty in S70
80- 82 I3 mJy S160 [32/156]? Herschel/PACS 160um band flux density
84 I1 mJy e_S160 [5/9]? The 1σ uncertainty in S160
86- 88 I3 mJy S250 [23/111]? Herschel/SPIRE 250um band flux density
90 I1 mJy e_S250 [1/9]? The 1σ uncertainty in S250
92- 93 I2 mJy S350 [17/82]? Herschel/SPIRE 350um band flux density
95 I1 mJy e_S350 [1/8]? The 1σ uncertainty in S350
97- 98 I2 mJy S500 [14/75]? Herschel/SPIRE 500um band flux density
100-101 I2 mJy e_S500 [1/10]? The 1σ uncertainty in S500
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- ID Source designation (WHHMM+DDMM; J2000)
12- 16 F5.3 --- z [2.6/4.6] Redshift
18- 21 F4.1 10+13Lsun Lbol [10/35] Bolometric luminosity (1)
23- 26 F4.1 10+13Lsun LIR [5.8/22.1] Infrared luminosity from rest-frame
8-1000µm
28- 30 F3.1 10+13Lsun L0.1-1 [0/0.2] Rest-frame 0.1-1um luminosity
32- 35 F4.1 10+13Lsun L1-20 [5.7/22.2] 1-20um luminosity (LMIR)
37- 40 F4.1 10+13Lsun L20+ [2.1/12.6] >20um luminosity
42- 44 F3.1 10+13Lsun L5.8 [0.8/1.9] 5.8um luminosity
46- 48 F3.1 10+13Lsun L7.8 [0.8/1.8] 7.8um luminosity
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Note (1): The bolometric luminosity Lbol is conservatively estimated using
power laws to interpolate over photometry from the r'-band to
Herschel SPIRE [500]µm if applicable. See Section 3.3 for details.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS]; Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 09-Sep-2015