J/ApJ/806/248       AO imaging of KOIs with gas giant planets      (Wang+, 2015)
Influence of stellar multiplicity on planet formation.
III. Adaptive optics imaging of Kepler stars with gas giant planets.
    Wang J., Fischer D.A., Horch E.P., Xie J.-W.
   <Astrophys. J., 806, 248 (2015)>
   =2015ApJ...806..248W 2015ApJ...806..248W    (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Planets ; Effective temperatures ;
              Stars, distances ; Photometry, ugriz ; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: methods: observational - methods: statistical - planetary systems -
          planets and satellites: formation - planet-star interactions -
          techniques: high angular resolution
Abstract:
    As hundreds of gas giant planets have been discovered, we study how
    these planets form and evolve in different stellar environments,
    specifically in multiple stellar systems. In such systems, stellar
    companions may have a profound influence on gas giant planet formation
    and evolution via several dynamical effects such as truncation and
    perturbation. We select 84 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) with gas
    giant planet candidates. We obtain high-angular resolution images
    using telescopes with adaptive optics (AO) systems. Together with the
    AO data, we use archival radial velocity data and dynamical analysis
    to constrain the presence of stellar companions. We detect 59 stellar
    companions around 40 KOIs for which we develop methods of testing
    their physical association. These methods are based on color
    information and galactic stellar population statistics. We find
    evidence of suppressive planet formation within 20 AU by comparing
    stellar multiplicity. The stellar multiplicity rate (MR) for planet
    host stars is 0-0+5% within 20 AU. In comparison, the stellar MR
    is 18%±2% for the control sample, i.e., field stars in the solar
    neighborhood. The stellar MR for planet host stars is 34%±8% for
    separations between 20 and 200 AU, which is higher than the control
    sample at 12%±2%. Beyond 200 AU, stellar MRs are comparable between
    planet host stars and the control sample. We discuss the implications
    of the results on gas giant planet formation and evolution.
Description:
    From the NASA Exoplanet Archive (http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu),
    we select Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) that satisfy the following
    criteria: (1) disposition of either Candidate or Confirmed, (2)
    stellar effective temperature (Teff) lower than 6500 K, (3) stellar
    surface gravity (log g) higher than 4.0, (4) Kepler magnitude (KP)
    brighter than 14th mag, (5) with at least one gas giant planet
    (3.8 R{earth}=<RP=<22.0 R{earth}). In total, we select 84 KOIs
    with 97 gas giant planets. Stellar and orbital parameters for these
    KOIs are given in Table 1. The median distance of these KOIs is 580 pc.
    There are 27 multi-planet systems among 84 KOIs.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 FileName      Lrecl  Records   Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe            80        .   This file
table1.dat       143       97   RV and AO Data for 97 KOIs
table2.dat        92      103   Visual Companion Detections with AO Data
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
 V/133          : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
 J/AJ/144/42    : Infrared photometry of 90 KOIs (Adams+, 2012)
 J/A+A/566/A103 : Kepler planet host candidates imaging (Lillo-Box+, 2014)
 J/ApJ/783/4    : Properties of Kepler multi-planet candidate systems
                                                                   (Wang+, 2014)
 J/ApJ/791/35   : Detection of 715 Kepler planet candidates host stars
                                                                    (Law+, 2014)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units     Label  Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  9  A9    ---       KOI    Kepler Object of Interest identifier
                                  (K0NNNN.NN)
  11- 18  I8    ---       KIC    [3323887/12735740] Kepler Input Catalog number
  20- 29  F10.6 deg       RAdeg  Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
  31- 39  F9.6  deg       DEdeg  Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
  41- 46  F6.3  mag       Kpmag  Kepler magnitude
  48- 54  F7.2  K         Teff   Stellar effective temperature
  56- 60  F5.3  [cm/s2]   logg   Stellar surface gravity
  62- 67  F6.1  pc        Dist   Distance
      69  I1    ---       Npl    [1/6] Number of planet
  71- 75  F5.2  Rgeo      Rpl    Planet radius
  77- 80  F4.2  Rgeo    e_Rpl    Uncertainty in Rpl
  82- 91  F10.6 d         Per    Orbital period
  93-104  F12.6 d         Tstart ? Start time in MJD
 106-117  F12.6 d         Tend   ? End time in MJD
 119-121  I3    ---       Nrv    [5/104]? Number of radial velocity measurements
 123-133  A11   ---       Tel    Telescope name
 135-137  A3    ---       Band   Band(s) used in the observation (J,K,JK,JHK,rz)
 139-143  A5    ---       Work   [check-] KOI with AO image taken through
                                  this work
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units    Label   Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  6  A6    ---      KOI     Kepler Object of Interest identifier (K0NNNN)
       7  A1    ---    n_KOI     [*] Note on KOI (1)
   9- 11  F3.1  mag      Dmag    Differential magnitude in Band
      13  A1    ---      Band    [rizJHK] Band of the magnitude
  15- 18  F4.2  arcsec   Sep     Companion separation
  20- 25  F6.1  AU       Sepa    ? Companion separation in AU
  27- 31  F5.1  pc       DistP   ? Distance of primary
  33- 37  F5.1  pc     E_DistP   ? Upper limit uncertainty in DistP
  39- 43  F5.1  pc     e_DistP   ? Lower limit uncertainty in DistP
  45- 50  F6.1  pc       DistS   ? Distance of secondary
  52- 58  F7.1  pc     E_DistS   ? Upper limit uncertainty in DistS
  60- 65  F6.1  pc     e_DistS   ? Lower limit uncertainty in DistS
  67- 71  F5.1  ---      Signi   ? Detection significance in σ unit
  73- 77  F5.1  deg      PA      ? Position angle
  79- 82  F4.2  ---      Prob    ? Probability of association
  84- 92  A9    ---      Ref     Reference code (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Note as follows:
  * = This KOI has stellar companions that are not detected by our detection
      pipeline.
Note (2): Reference as follows:
   A12 = Adams et al. (2012, J/AJ/144/42);
   D14 = Dressing et al. (2014AJ....148...78D 2014AJ....148...78D);
   H14 = Horch et al. (2014ApJ...795...60H 2014ApJ...795...60H);
   L14 = Law et al. (2014, J/ApJ/791/35);
  LB14 = Lillo-Box et al. (2014, J/A+A/566/A103);
  CFOP = Kepler Community Follow-up Observing Program.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
    From electronic version of the journal
References:
  Wang et al.     Paper I         2014ApJ...783....4W 2014ApJ...783....4W, Cat. J/ApJ/783/4
  Wang et al.     Paper II        2014ApJ...791..111W 2014ApJ...791..111W
  Wang et al.     Paper IV        2015ApJ...813..130W 2015ApJ...813..130W
(End)               Prepared by Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS]              15-Sep-2017