J/ApJ/814/130 Planet occurrence rates calculated for KOIs (Mulders+, 2015)
An increase in the mass of planetary systems around lower-mass stars.
Mulders G.D., Pascucci I., Apai D.
<Astrophys. J., 814, 130 (2015)>
=2015ApJ...814..130M 2015ApJ...814..130M (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Planets ; Stars, double and multiple ; Spectral types
Keywords: planets and satellites: formation; planetary systems;
protoplanetary disks; stars: low-mass
Abstract:
Trends in the planet population with host star mass provide an avenue
to constrain planet formation theories. We derive the planet radius
distribution function for Kepler stars of different spectral types,
sampling a range in host star masses. We find that M dwarf stars have
3.5 times more small planets (1.0-2.8R⊕) than main-sequence
FGK stars, but two times fewer Neptune-sized and larger
(>2.8R⊕) planets. We find no systematic trend in the planet
size distribution between spectral types F, G, and K to explain the
increasing occurrence rates. Taking into account the mass-radius
relationship and heavy-element mass of observed exoplanets, and
assuming those are independent of spectral type, we derive the
inventory of the heavy-element mass locked up in exoplanets at short
orbits. The overall higher planet occurrence rates around M stars are
not consistent with the redistribution of the same mass into more,
smaller planets. At the orbital periods and planet radii where Kepler
observations are complete for all spectral types, the average
heavy-element mass locked up in exoplanets increases roughly inversely
with stellar mass from 4M⊕ in F stars to 5M⊕in G and K
stars to 7M⊕ in M stars. This trend stands in stark contrast
with observed protoplanetary disk masses that decrease toward lower
mass stars, and provides a challenge for current planet formation
models. Neither models of in situ formation nor migration of fully
formed planets are consistent with these results. Instead, these
results are indicative of large-scale inward migration of planetary
building blocks --either through type-I migration or radial drift of
dust grains-- that is more efficient for lower mass stars, but does
not result in significantly larger or smaller planets.
Description:
Planet occurrence rates are calculated using the methodology described
in Mulders et al. (2015ApJ...798..112M 2015ApJ...798..112M). We use the planet candidate
sample from Mullally et al. (2015, J/ApJS/217/31).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 54 3777 Planet occurrence rates per KOI
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See also:
J/ApJ/810/95 : Kepler pipeline S/N studies II. 2011 data (Christiansen+, 2015)
J/ApJ/809/8 : Terrestrial planet occurrence rates for KOIs (Burke+, 2015)
J/ApJ/808/187 : Metallicities of KIC stars without planets (Buchhave+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Potentially habitable planets around M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/ApJ/806/183 : Planet radii of Kepler Object of Interest (Wolfgang+, 2015)
J/ApJS/217/31 : Kepler planetary candidates. VI. 4yr Q1-Q16 (Mullally+, 2015)
J/ApJ/800/135 : HARPS-N radial velocities of KOI-69 (Dressing+, 2015)
J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. IV. 22 months (Burke+, 2014)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/ApJ/773/168 : Submm fluxes of very low-mass stars and BDs (Mohanty+, 2013)
J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)
J/ApJ/770/69 : Kepler planet candidates radii (Petigura+, 2013)
J/ApJ/767/95 : Improved stellar param. of smallest KIC stars (Dressing+, 2013)
J/PASP/124/1279 : Q3 Kepler's combined photometry (Christiansen+, 2012)
J/ApJ/758/31 : IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012)
J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)
J/other/Nat/481.167 : 2002-2007 PLANET microlensing events (Assan+, 2012)
J/ApJS/197/8 : Kepler's cand. multiple transiting planets (Lissauer+, 2011)
J/ApJ/728/117 : Kepler planetary candidates. I. (Borucki+, 2011)
J/other/Sci/330.653 : Detected planets in the Eta-Earth Survey (Howard+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/A+A/487/373 : Spectroscopic parameters of 451 HARPS-GTO stars (Sousa+, 2008)
J/AJ/129/1049 : Mm and sub-mm obs. of solar-type stars (Carpenter+, 2005)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 A1 --- --- [K0]
2- 9 F08.2 --- KOI [0001.01/6248.01] Kepler Object of Interest
Identifier
11- 19 E9.3 cm Rp Planet Radius
21- 27 F7.3 d Per [0.3/700.1] Orbital Period
29- 37 E9.3 --- focc [0/0.4] Planet occurrence rate in entire sample
39- 42 I4 K Teff [2703/9565] Stellar Effective Temperature
44 A1 --- SpT [FGKM] Stellar MK spectral type
46- 54 E9.3 --- foccST [0/2.6]? Planet occurrence rate
per spectral type
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 03-Mar-2016