J/ApJ/818/73 Study of protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud (Tobin+, 2016)
The VLA nascent disk and multiplicity survey of Perseus protostars (VANDAM).
II. Multiplicity of protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud.
Tobin J.J., Looney L.W., Li Z.-Y., Chandler C.J., Dunham M.M.,
Segura-Cox D., Sadavoy S.I., Melis C., Harris R.J., Kratter K., Perez L.
<Astrophys. J., 818, 73 (2016)>
=2016ApJ...818...73T 2016ApJ...818...73T (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Molecular clouds ; YSOs ; Stars, double and multiple ;
Millimetric/submm sources
Keywords: binaries: close - planetary systems - protoplanetary disks -
stars: formation - stars: protostars - techniques: interferometric
Abstract:
We present a multiplicity study of all known protostars (94) in the
Perseus molecular cloud from a Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array survey
at Ka-band (8 mm and 1 cm) and C-band (4 and 6.6 cm). The observed sample
has a bolometric luminosity range between 0.1 L☉ and ∼33 L☉,
with a median of 0.7 L☉. This multiplicity study is based on the
Ka-band data, having a best resolution of ∼0.065" (15 au) and separations
out to ∼43" (10000 au) can be probed. The overall multiplicity
fraction (MF) is found to be 0.40±0.06 and the companion star
fraction (CSF) is 0.71±0.06. The MF and CSF of the Class 0 protostars
are 0.57±0.09 and 1.2±0.2, and the MF and CSF of Class I
protostars are both 0.23±0.08. The distribution of companion
separations appears bi-modal, with a peak at ∼75 au and another peak
at ∼3000 au. Turbulent fragmentation is likely the dominant mechanism
on >1000 au scales and disk fragmentation is likely to be the dominant
mechanism on <200 au scales. Toward three Class 0 sources we find
companions separated by <30 au. These systems have the smallest
separations of currently known Class 0 protostellar binary systems.
Moreover, these close systems are embedded within larger (50-400 au)
structures and may be candidates for ongoing disk fragmentation.
Description:
We conducted observations with the VLA in B-configuration between 2013
September 28 and 2013 November 20 and in A-configuration during 2014
February 24 to 2014 May 31 and 2015 June 19 to 2015 September 21. The
B-configuration (also referred to as B-array) has a maximum baseline
(antenna separation) of 11.1 km and at 8 mm provides a resolution of
∼0.2" (46 au). The A-configuration (A-array) has a maximum baseline
of 36.4 km, providing a resolution of ∼0.065" (15 au).
Objects:
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RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s)
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03 35.0 +31 13 Perseus molecular cloud = NAME Per Cloud
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 117 99 Source List
table2.dat 126 128 Source Properties
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See also:
J/A+AS/106/165 : Near-IR imaging photometry of NGC 1333 (Aspin+ 1994)
J/ApJS/125/427 : Radio sources in HH 7-11 region (Rodriguez+, 1999)
J/ApJ/646/1009 : Structures of dust in Perseus molecular cloud (Kirk+, 2006)
J/A+A/468/1009 : Star formation in Perseus. II. (Hatchell+, 2007)
J/ApJ/668/1042 : Dense cores in Perseus molecular cloud (Kirk+, 2007)
J/ApJ/683/822 : Star formation in Ophiuchus and Perseus II. (Jorgensen+, 2008)
J/ApJ/692/973 : Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2009)
J/ApJ/696/298 : Dense cores in Perseus (Foster+, 2009)
J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)
J/AJ/150/40 : The Spitzer c2d survey of clouds. XII. Perseus (Young+, 2015)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Source Source name (1)
17- 18 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
20- 21 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 28 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
30 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
37- 42 F6.3 arcsec DEs Arcsec of Declination (J2000)
44- 68 A25 --- Other Other source name(s) (1)
70 A1 --- Detec [YN] Whether or not the associated source was
detected above 5σ in the observation
(at either 8 mm or 1 cm)
72 A1 --- Mult [YN] Whether or not the object comprises
a multiple system or is a component of
a multiple system based on our data
74- 76 A3 --- Config [A,B ] VLA configuration(s) in which
observation was taken
78- 90 A13 --- Class Young Stellar Object classification (2)
92- 97 F6.2 Lsun Lbol ?=-99. Bolometric luminosity
99-104 F6.2 Lsun e_Lbol ?=-99. Uncertainty in Lbol
106-111 F6.1 K Tbol ?=-99. Bolometric temperature
113-117 F5.1 K e_Tbol ?=-99. Uncertainty in Tbol
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Note (1): The sources denoted Per-emb-XX correspond to the sources published in
Enoch et al. (2009, J/ApJ/692/973), EDJ2009 sources are from
Evans et al. (2009, J/ApJS/181/321), ASR refers to Aspin et al.
(1994, J/A+AS/106/165), SVS refers to Strom et al.
(1976AJ.....81..314S 1976AJ.....81..314S), and RAC1999-VLA20 is from Rodriguez et al.
(1999, J/ApJS/125/427). IRAS 4B' was observed in the same field as
Per-emb-13, EDJ2009-233/235 were observed in the same field, and
RAC1999-VLA20 was observed in the same field as Per-emb-44.
Note (2): Based on Tbol from Enoch et al. (2009, J/ApJ/692/973),
Sadavoy et al. (2014ApJ...787L..18S 2014ApJ...787L..18S), and Young et al.
(2015, J/AJ/150/40).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Source Source name
16- 20 A5 --- m_Source Component of the source
22- 23 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
25- 26 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
28- 33 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
35 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
36- 37 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
39- 40 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
42- 47 F6.3 arcsec DEs Arcsec of Declination (J2000)
49 A1 --- l_Fnu8 [<] Limit flag on Fnu8
50- 54 F5.3 mJy Fnu8 Integrated flux density at 8mm
56- 60 F5.3 mJy e_Fnu8 Uncertainty in Fnu8
62 A1 --- l_Fnu8p [<] Limit flag on Fnu8p
63- 67 F5.3 mJy Fnu8p Peak flux density at 8mm
69- 73 F5.3 mJy e_Fnu8p rms uncertainty in Fnu8p
75 A1 --- l_Fnu10 [<] Limit flag on Fnu10
76- 80 F5.3 mJy Fnu10 Integrated flux density at 10mm
82- 86 F5.3 mJy e_Fnu10 Uncertainty in Fnu10
88 A1 --- l_Fnu10p [<] Limit flag on Fnu10p
89- 93 F5.3 mJy Fnu10p Peak flux density at 10mm
95- 99 F5.3 mJy e_Fnu10p rms uncertainty in Fnu10p
101-106 F6.3 --- SpIndex ? Integrated spectral index
108-113 F6.3 --- e_SpIndex ? Uncertainty in SpIndex
115-119 F5.2 --- SpIndexp ? Peak spectral index
121-126 F6.3 --- e_SpIndexp ? Uncertainty in SpIndexp
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Segura-Cox et al. 2016ApJ...817L..14S 2016ApJ...817L..14S
Tobin et al. Paper I. 2015ApJ...798...61T 2015ApJ...798...61T
Tobin et al. Paper II. 2016ApJ...818...73T 2016ApJ...818...73T This catalog
Tychoniec et al. Paper III. 2018ApJ...852...18T 2018ApJ...852...18T
Tychoniec et al. Paper IV. 2018ApJS..238...19T 2018ApJS..238...19T Cat. J/ApJS/238/19
Segura-Cox et al. Paper V. 2018ApJ...866..161S 2018ApJ...866..161S
Tobin et al. Paper VI. 2018ApJ...867...43T 2018ApJ...867...43T
(End) Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 30-Jan-2018