J/ApJ/818/95 YSO candidates within 5' from the IR bubble N4 (Liu+, 2016)
Interactions of the infrared bubble N4 with its surroundings.
Liu H.-L., Li J.-Z., Wu Y., Yuan J.-H., Liu T., Dubner G., Paron S.,
Ortega M.E., Molinari S., Huang M., Zavagno A., Samal M.R., Huang Y.-F.,
Zhang S.-J.
<Astrophys. J., 818, 95 (2016)>
=2016ApJ...818...95L 2016ApJ...818...95L (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: YSOs ; Photometry, infrared ; H II regions
Keywords: H II regions; ISM: bubbles; ISM: individual: N4;
stars: formation; stars: massive
Abstract:
The physical mechanisms that induce the transformation of a certain
mass of gas in new stars are far from being well understood. Infrared
bubbles associated with H II regions have been considered to be good
samples for investigating triggered star formation. In this paper we
report on the investigation of the dust properties of the infrared
bubble N4 around the H II region G11.898+0.747, analyzing its
interaction with its surroundings and star formation histories
therein, with the aim of determining the possibility of star formation
triggered by the expansion of the bubble. Using Herschel PACS and
SPIRE images with a wide wavelength coverage, we reveal the dust
properties over the entire bubble. Meanwhile, we are able to identify
six dust clumps surrounding the bubble, with a mean size of 0.50pc,
temperature of about 22K, mean column density of 1.7x1022/cm2, mean
volume density of about 4.4x104/cm3, and a mean mass of 320M☉.
In addition, from PAH emission seen at 8 µm, free-free emission
detected at 20cm, and a probability density function in special
regions, we could identify clear signatures of the influence of the
HII region on the surroundings. There are hints of star formation,
though further investigation is required to demonstrate that N4 is the
triggering source.
Description:
The bubble N4 was observed as part of the Herschel infrared Galactic
Plane Survey (Hi-GAL) survey. In this survey, the Photodetector Array
Camera & Spectrometer (PACS) at 70 and 160um and the Spectral and
Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) at 250, 350, and 500um worked
simultaneously in the parallel photometric mode. The measured angular
resolutions of these bands are 10.7", 13.9", 23.9", 31.3", and 43.8"
(Traficante et al. 2011MNRAS.416.2932T 2011MNRAS.416.2932T), respectively.
Single-dish observations of molecular lines were performed with the
Korean VLBI Network (KVN) 21m radio telescope at Yonsei site, Seoul
on 2014 December 28. The front end of the single-dish telescope is
equipped with four receivers working at 22, 43, 86, and 129GHz
simultaneously.
To study the physical characteristics of the bubble and its associated
YSO candidates, auxiliary data of images and point sources were
complemented by the GLIMPSE (Benjamin et al. 2003PASP..115..953B 2003PASP..115..953B),
MIPSGAL (Carey et al. 2009PASP..121...76C 2009PASP..121...76C) and WISE (Wright et al.
2010AJ....140.1868W 2010AJ....140.1868W) surveys. The images of the Spitzer Infrared Array
Camera (IRAC) at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0um, together with the Multiband
Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) at 24um were retrieved from the
Spitzer Archive. The angular resolutions of the images in the IRAC
bands are <2" and it is ∼6.0" in the MIPS 24um band.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table5.dat 50 60 Parameters of YSO candidates
table8.dat 110 58 Photometries of YSO candidates from the archived
ALLWISE source catalog
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See also:
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)
VIII/96 : 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue (Caswell+, 2010-12)
II/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
VIII/58 : A Survey of Radio H II Regions in the Northern Sky (Lockman+ 1989)
J/AJ/149/64 : MIPSGAL 24µm point source catalog (Gutermuth+, 2015)
J/A+A/566/A122 : JHK and IRAC photometry of Sh2-90 YSOs (Samal+, 2014)
J/ApJS/209/31 : The MYStIX IR-Excess Source catalog (MIRES) (Povich+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/11 : The Red MSX Source Survey: massive protostars (Lumsden+, 2013)
J/ApJS/205/1 : CORNISH project. II. Source catalog (Purcell+, 2013)
J/ApJ/710/150 : Molecular lines in EGOs (Chen+, 2010)
J/ApJ/706/83 : Embedded YSO candidates in W51 (Kang+, 2009)
J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)
J/ApJ/696/1278 : The extended star-forming environment of M17 (Povich+, 2009)
J/A+A/496/177 : JHKs and GLIMPSE photometry of RCW 120 (Deharveng+, 2009)
J/AJ/136/2391 : GLIMPSE Extended Green Objects catalog (Cyganowski+, 2008)
J/A+A/487/993 : MAMBO Mapping of c2d Clouds and Cores (Kauffmann+, 2008)
J/A+A/482/585 : JHK photometry of stars in Sh 2-212 (Deharveng+, 2008)
J/ApJ/674/336 : Spitzer observations of NGC 1333 (Gutermuth+, 2008)
J/ApJ/670/428 : Bubbles in the galactic disk. II. (Churchwell+, 2007)
J/A+A/472/835 : JHKs and GLIMPSE photometry of RCW 120 (Zavagno+, 2007)
J/ApJ/653/1226 : Physical properties of galactic HII regions (Quireza+, 2006)
J/ApJ/649/759 : Bubbles in the galactic disk (Churchwell+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/2525 : MAGPIS 20cm survey (Helfand+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/363/405 : SIMBA observations of cold cores (Hill+, 2005)
J/A+A/417/615 : Maser and outflows in UC HII region (Codella+, 2004)
J/A+AS/137/43 : OH/H2O masers database (Forster+, 1999)
J/ApJS/91/659 : Ultracompact HII regions radio images (Kurtz+ 1994)
http://third.ucllnl.org/gps/ : MAGPIS home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Seq Running sequence number
5- 23 A19 --- WISEA Source identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s,
in Simbad; or
MGLLL.llll+BB.bbbb,
<[GH2015] MG GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb> in Simbad)
25- 31 F7.3 deg RAdeg Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
33- 39 F7.3 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
41- 42 I2 --- N [4/11] Number of data points used in
the SED fitting
44- 47 F4.1 --- Chi2 [0.1/47.7] Best ξ2 of the resulting SED
49- 50 A2 --- Class YSO classification
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 19 A19 --- WISEA Source identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
21 A1 --- f_WISEA [a-e] Flag on WISEA (1)
23- 28 F6.3 mag W1mag [8/12.1] WISE 3.4 micron band magnitude
30- 34 F5.3 mag e_W1mag [0.02/0.09] Uncertainty in W1mag
36- 41 F6.3 mag W2mag [6.9/12.6] WISE 4.6 micron band magnitude
43- 47 F5.3 mag e_W2mag [0.02/0.08] Uncertainty in W2mag
49- 53 F5.3 mag W3mag [2.8/8.9] WISE 12 micron band magnitude
55- 59 F5.3 mag e_W3mag [0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in W3mag
61- 65 F5.3 mag W4mag [0.2/6.5] WISE 22 micron band magnitude
67- 71 F5.3 mag e_W4mag [0.009/0.2] Uncertainty in W4mag
73- 78 F6.3 mag Jmag [9/17]? 2MASS J band magnitude (2)
80- 84 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in Jmag (2)
86- 91 F6.3 mag Hmag [8.4/14.2]? 2MASS H band magnitude (2)
93- 97 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in Hmag (2)
99-104 F6.3 mag Ksmag [8.2/13.1]? 2MASS Ks band magnitude (2)
106-110 F5.3 mag e_Ksmag [0.01/0.08]? Uncertainty in Ksmag (2)
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Note (1): This flag gives the values of the 70 micron photometry
from the Curvature Threshold Extractor package (CuTeX) catalog;
see Molinari et al. 2011A&A...530A.133M 2011A&A...530A.133M). Flag as follows:
a = 19.2538 ± 0.331 Jy (CuTeX catalog);
b = 36.1023 ± 0.296 Jy (CuTeX catalog);
c = 19.1234 ± 0.242 Jy (CuTeX catalog);
d = 7.9266 ± 0.176 Jy (CuTeX catalog);
e = 44.7 ± 4.5 Jy (Lumsden et al. 2013, J/ApJS/208/11)
Note (2): A blank indicates no available photometry.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 29-Apr-2016