J/ApJ/822/40 High resolution NIR RVs of K2-M4 low-mass stars (Gagne+, 2016)
A high-precision near-infrared survey for radial velocity variable low-mass
stars using CSHELL and a methane gas cell.
Gagne J., Plavchan P., Gao P., Anglada-Escude G., Furlan E., Davison C.,
Tanner A., Henry T.J., Riedel A.R., Brinkworth C., Latham D., Bottom M.,
White R., Mills S., Beichman C., Johnson J.A., Ciardi D.R., Wallace K.,
Mennesson B., von Braun K., Vasisht G., Prato L., Kane S.R., Mamajek E.E.,
Walp B., Crawford T.J., Rougeot R., Geneser C.S., Catanzarite J.
<Astrophys. J., 822, 40-40 (2016)>
=2016ApJ...822...40G 2016ApJ...822...40G (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Radial velocities ; Spectra, infrared ; Stars, late-type
Keywords: planetary systems; planets and satellites: detection; stars: low-mass;
techniques: radial velocities
Abstract:
We present the results of a precise near-infrared (NIR) radial
velocity (RV) survey of 32 low-mass stars with spectral types K2-M4
using CSHELL at the NASA InfraRed Telescope Facility in the K band
with an isotopologue methane gas cell to achieve wavelength
calibration and a novel, iterative RV extraction method. We surveyed
14 members of young (∼25-150Myr) moving groups, the young field star
ε Eridani, and 18 nearby (<25pc) low-mass stars and achieved
typical single-measurement precisions of 8-15m/s with a long-term
stability of 15-50m/s over longer baselines. We obtain the best NIR RV
constraints to date on 27 targets in our sample, 19 of which were
never followed by high-precision RV surveys. Our results indicate that
very active stars can display long-term RV variations as low as
∼25-50m/s at ∼2.3125µm, thus constraining the effect of jitter at
these wavelengths. We provide the first multiwavelength confirmation
of GJ876bc and independently retrieve orbital parameters consistent
with previous studies. We recovered RV variabilities for HD160934AB
and GJ725AB that are consistent with their known binary orbits, and
nine other targets are candidate RV variables with a statistical
significance of 3σ-5σ. Our method, combined with the new
iSHELL spectrograph, will yield long-term RV precisions of ≲5m/s in
the NIR, which will allow the detection of super-Earths near the
habitable zone of mid-M dwarfs.
Description:
We obtained our data using the NIR high-resolution single-order
echelle spectrograph CSHELL at the 3m IRTF from 2010 October to 2015
January. The survey presented here includes a total of 3794 individual
spectra obtained within a total of 65 observing nights. We used the
0.5" slit and the continuous variable filter, yielding a resolving
power of R=46000 with a spectral grasp of ∼5.55nm at 2.3125um.
A log of all observations obtained in this work is presented in
Table2, where S/N values are calculated by assuming that the spectra
are photon-noise limited.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 106 32 Precise NIR radial velocities (RVs) follow-up sample
table2.dat 31 253 Log of all science star observations
table3.dat 46 254 Detailed radial velocity measurements
refs.dat 69 38 References
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See also:
J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)
J/other/Sci/350.64 : 51 Eri b near-infrared spectrum (Macintosh+, 2015)
J/AJ/149/158 : The BUD sample. I. L dwarf activity sample (Schmidt+, 2015)
J/A+A/576/A66 : BD+20 1790 RVs and photometry (Hernan-Obispo+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/443/2561 : CONCH-SHELL catalog of nearby M dwarfs (Gaidos+, 2014)
J/A+A/568/A26 : SACY. V. Multiple systems (Elliott+, 2014)
J/ApJ/788/81 : BANYAN III. RV and rotation of low-mass stars (Malo+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/A+A/555/A11 : DUNES survey observational results (Eiroa+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/431/2063 : UV/X-ray activity of M dwarfs within 10pc (Stelzer+, 2013)
J/A+A/551/L8 : Chromospheric activity of field stars (Pace, 2013)
J/A+A/551/A36 : Metallicity of M dwarfs. III. (Neves+, 2013)
J/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group cand. members (Malo+, 2013)
J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013)
J/other/RMxAA/48.177 : Speckle interferometry of binaries (Orlov+, 2012)
J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. II. Kinematics (Shkolnik+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/93 : Rotational velocities in early-M stars (Reiners+, 2012)
J/ApJ/734/70 : Chromospheric activity of Southern stars (Arriagada, 2011)
J/ApJ/727/117 : RVs of four exoplanet candidates (Meschiari+, 2011)
J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)
J/ApJ/723/684 : NIRSPEC ultracool dwarf RV survey (Blake+, 2010)
J/other/Sci/330.653 : Detected planets in the Eta-Earth Survey (Howard+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/407/2269 : Polarisation of a sample of late M dwarfs (Morin+, 2010)
J/A+A/521/A12 : RVs of nearby late-type stars (Maldonado+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/407/1657 : Rotation velocities of dwarf M stars (Houdebine, 2010)
J/A+A/520/A15 : RACE-OC project: YSOs within 100pc (Messina+, 2010)
J/ApJ/719/890 : Keck radial velocities of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2010)
J/A+A/514/A97 : HR spectra of Late-type stars (Lopez-Santiago+ 2010)
J/A+A/513/L8 : BD+20 1790 radial velocity curve (Figueira+, 2010)
J/A+A/512/A45 : Radial velocities of BD+20 1790 (Hernan-Obispo+, 2010)
J/A+A/511/A21 : Radial velocities of GJ876 planetary system (Correia+, 2010)
J/ApJ/704/975 : Rotational velocities for M dwarfs (Jenkins+, 2009)
J/ApJ/699/649 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. I. (Shkolnik+, 2009)
J/ApJ/687/1264 : Age estimation for solar-type dwarfs (Mamajek+, 2008)
J/ApJ/670/1367 : Gemini Deep Planet Survey (Lafreniere+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/2524 : Spectra of young nearby stars (White+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/889 : Faint companions of Hipparcos stars (Lepine+, 2007)
J/A+A/460/695 : Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)
J/ApJ/634/625 : Radial velocities and photometry of GJ 876 (Rivera+, 2005)
J/AJ/130/1680 : LSPM-North PM catalog nearby stars (Lepine+, 2005)
J/AJ/128/463 : A preliminary 20pc census from the NLTT cat. (Reid+, 2004)
J/AJ/126/2048 : NStars project: the Northern Sample. I. (Gray+, 2003)
J/ApJS/141/503 : Radial Velocities for 889 late-type stars (Nidever+, 2002)
J/AJ/123/3356 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spec. survey III. (Gizis+, 2002)
J/A+A/331/581 : Rotation and activity in field M dwarfs (Delfosse+ 1998)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 I1 --- Set [1/3] Sample description (1)
3- 15 A13 --- Name Target identifier
17- 18 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
20- 21 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 28 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
30 A1 --- DE- Sign of Declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
37- 41 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
43- 46 A4 --- SpT MK spectral type
48- 49 I2 --- r_SpT Reference for SpT (see refs.dat file)
51- 54 F4.2 mag Ksmag [1.7/7.1] 2MASS Ks band magnitude
56 A1 --- f_Ksmag [b] Flag on Ksmag (2)
58 A1 --- l_vsini Limit flag on vsini
60- 64 F5.2 km/s vsini [0.1/70] Projected rotational velocity
66- 70 F5.2 km/s e_vsini ? Uncertainty in vsini
72- 73 I2 --- r_vsini Reference for vsini (see refs.dat file)
75- 80 F6.3 arcsec Sep [0.09/50]? Binary separation
82- 83 I2 --- r_Sep ? Reference for Sep (see refs.dat file)
85- 90 F6.3 [-] logR'HK [-5.3/-3.8]? Log of R'HK index
92- 97 F6.4 [-] e_logR'HK ? Uncertainty in logR'HK
98 A1 --- f_logR'HK [e] Flag on logR'HK (2)
100-103 A4 --- Act Activity flag (3)
105-106 I2 --- r_Act ? Reference flag for Act (see refs.dat file)
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Note (1): Sample as follows:
1 = Nearby, Young Sample;
2 = Young Sample;
3 = Nearby Sample.
Note (2): Flag as follows:
b = The KS magnitude is of an unresolved binary star.
e = Indicates an estimate based on the SH index instead of the
log R'HK index (see Section 2.2 for more details).
Note (3): Level of chromospheric activity based on the log R'HK
index (see Section 2.2 for more details). Code as follows:
VI = Very Inactive (2+1 sources);
I = Inactive (2+2 sources);
A = Active (4 sources);
VA = Very active (7 sources);
blank = Information not available in the literature (11 sources).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Target identifier
15- 24 A10 "Y/M/D" Date UT date of the observation (1)
26- 27 I2 --- N [1/64] Number of spectra obtained (1)
29- 31 I3 --- S/N [15/110] Median Signal-to-Noise of spectra (1)
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Note (1): See Section 3 for more details.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- Name Target identifier (1)
15- 25 F11.3 d JD Julian Date of observation
27- 31 F5.3 d e_JD [0/0.01] Uncertainty in JD
33- 37 I5 m/s rRVel [-1491/2359] Relative radial velocity (2)
39- 42 I4 m/s e_rRVel [1/1675] Uncertainty in rRVel (2)
44- 46 I3 --- S/N [15/110] Signal-to-Noise (2)
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Note (1): LP 776-25 has been replaced --by CDS-- by TYC 5899-26-1 in this table
for consistency with tables 1 and 2.
Note (2): See Section 7 for more details.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 42 A19 --- Auth First author's name(s)
44- 69 A26 --- Comm Comment (VizieR catalog reference)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 01-Aug-2016