J/ApJ/825/7 Evolution of ∼6Ms CDF-S galaxies (Lehmer+, 2016)
The evolution of normal galaxy X-ray emission through cosmic history:
constraints from the 6Ms Chandra Deep Field-South.
Lehmer B.D., Basu-Zych A.R., Mineo S., Brandt W.N., Eufrasio R.T.,
Fragos T., Hornschemeier A.E., Luo B., Xue Y.Q., Bauer F.E., Gilfanov M.,
Ranalli P., Schneider D.P., Shemmer O., Tozzi P., Trump J.R., Vignali C.,
Wang J.-X., Yukita M., Zezas A.
<Astrophys. J., 825, 7-7 (2016)>
=2016ApJ...825....7L 2016ApJ...825....7L (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei ; X-ray sources ; Surveys ; Redshifts
Keywords: galaxies: evolution; surveys; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: galaxies;
X-rays: general
Abstract:
We present measurements of the evolution of normal-galaxy X-ray
emission from z∼0-7 using local galaxies and galaxy samples in the
∼6Ms Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) survey. The majority of the
CDF-S galaxies are observed at rest-frame energies above 2keV, where
the emission is expected to be dominated by X-ray binary (XRB)
populations; however, hot gas is expected to provide small
contributions to the observed-frame ≲1keV emission at z≲1. We show
that a single scaling relation between X-ray luminosity (LX) and
star-formation rate (SFR) literature, is insufficient for
characterizing the average X-ray emission at all redshifts. We
establish that scaling relations involving not only SFR, but also
stellar mass (M*) and redshift, provide significantly improved
characterizations of the average X-ray emission from normal galaxy
populations at z∼0-7. We further provide the first empirical
constraints on the redshift evolution of X-ray emission from both
low-mass XRB (LMXB) and high-mass XRB (HMXB) populations and their
scalings with M* and SFR, respectively.
Description:
We began with an initial sample of 32508 galaxies in the Great
Observatories Origins Deep Survey South (GOODS-S) footprint as
presented in Section 2 of Xue et al. (2012, J/ApJ/758/129). We cut our
initial sample to the 24941 objects that were within 7' of the mean
∼6Ms CDF-S aimpoint, a region where the Chandra point-spread function
(PSF) is sharpest and the corresponding X-ray sensitivity is highest.
See text for further explanations.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 75 63 Stacked subsample properties
table2.dat 124 63 Galaxy stacking results
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See also:
J/ApJ/813/82 : z<0.06 broad-line AGN emission-line measures (Reines+, 2015)
J/ApJ/801/97 : GOODS-S+UDS stellar masses from CANDELS (Santini+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/446/470 : ULX candidates in luminous IR galaxies (Luangtip+, 2015)
J/ApJ/777/18 : Stellar mass functions of galaxies to z=4 (Muzzin+, 2013)
J/ApJ/776/L31 : Energy feedback from XRB from z=0 to z=19.92 (Fragos+, 2013)
J/ApJ/774/136 : Xray obs. of SINGS gal. compared to models (Tzanavaris+, 2013)
J/ApJ/766/19 : XRB population synthesis models in 0<z<20 gal (Tremmel+, 2013)
J/ApJ/764/41 : X-ray binary evolution across cosmic time (Fragos+, 2013)
J/ApJ/758/129 : 4Ms Chandra Deep Field South 6-8keV galaxies (Xue+, 2012)
J/A+A/542/A16 : X-ray detection of radio-selected SF galaxies (Ranalli+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/420/2190 : ECDFS sources with radio counterparts (Vattakunnel+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/419/2095 : HMXBs in nearby galaxies (Mineo+, 2012)
J/ApJ/742/3 : Photometric catalogs for ECDF-S and CDF-N (Rafferty+, 2011)
J/ApJ/740/37 : Obscured AGN at z∼0.5-1 in the CDFS (Luo+, 2011)
J/A+A/533/A119 : GOODS-Herschel North and South catalogs (Elbaz+, 2011)
J/ApJS/195/10 : The CDF-S survey: 4Ms source catalogs (Xue+, 2011)
J/ApJS/191/124 : Optical spectrosc. of ECDF-S X-ray sources (Silverman+, 2010)
J/ApJ/681/1163 : Late-type galaxies in Chandra deep fields (Lehmer+, 2008)
J/A+A/437/883 : K20 survey: spectroscopic catalogue (Mignoli+, 2005)
J/ApJS/155/271 : CDF-South: Optical spectroscopy (Szokoly+, 2004)
J/ApJ/602/231 : Chandra X-ray point sources in nearby gal. (Colbert+, 2004)
http://hedam.lam.fr/GOODS-Herschel/ : GOODS-Herschel survey home page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq Unique stacked subsample identifier (1)
5- 7 F3.1 --- zlo [0/5] Lower redshift boundary of sample
9- 11 F3.1 --- zup [0.5/7] Upper redshift boundary of sample
13- 16 F4.2 --- [0.3/6] Mean redshift
18- 19 I2 --- NGal [12/60] Number of galaxies stacked in bin
21 I1 --- Ndet [0/7] Number of sources detected
individually in bin
23- 26 F4.1 Msun/yr SFRlo [0.2/27.3] Lower SFR boundary of sample
28- 32 F5.1 Msun/yr SFRup [21.7/707] Upper SFR boundary of sample
34- 38 F5.1 Msun/yr [0.8/132] Mean Star Formation Rate
40- 43 F4.1 Msun/yr e_ [0.4/52] The 1σ error in
45- 48 F4.1 [Msun] logM* [9.3/11] Log mean stellar mass (2)
50- 52 F3.1 [Msun] e_logM* [0/0.1] The 1σ error in logM*
54- 58 F5.2 Gyr-1 sSFRlo [0.01/23] Lower sSFR boundary of sample
60- 64 F5.2 Gyr-1 sSFRup [0.02/40] Upper sSFR boundary of sample
66- 70 F5.2 Gyr-1 <sSFR> [0.02/28] Mean specific Star Formation Rate
72- 75 F4.2 Gyr-1 e_<sSFR> [0.01/9] The 1σ error in <sSFR>
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Note (1): The subsample ID has been assigned to each subsample and is ordered
based on ascending redshift bin, and within each redshift bin,
ascending sSFR.
Note (2): The stellar mass is bounded by limits on SFR and sSFR, as well as a
hard lower bound of Mlim* = 1e9 solMass.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Seq Unique stacked subsample identifier
4- 7 F4.1 --- S/N0.5-1 [-0.7/14.1] Signal-to-Noise
in 0.5-1keV band
9- 12 F4.1 --- S/N1-2 [-0.1/18] Signal-to-Noise
in 1-2keV band
14- 17 F4.1 --- S/N2-4 [-2/9.1] Signal-to-Noise
in 2-4keV band
19 A1 --- l_C0.5-1 Limit flag on C0.5-1
20- 24 F5.1 ct C0.5-1 [21/266] Net 0.5-1 keV counts (3)
26- 30 F5.1 ct e_C0.5-1 [8/180]? The 1σ error in C0.5-1
32 A1 --- l_C1-2 Limit flag on C1-2
33- 37 F5.1 ct C1-2 [32/438] Net 1-2 keV counts (3)
39- 43 F5.1 ct e_C1-2 [8/297]? The 1σ error in C1-2
45 A1 --- l_C2-4 Limit flag on C2-4
46- 50 F5.1 ct C2-4 [32/200] Net 2-4 keV counts (3)
52- 56 F5.1 ct e_C2-4 [18/160]? The 1σ error in C2-4
58 A1 --- l_BR1 Limit flag on BR1
59- 62 F4.1 --- BR1 [1/4] The (1-2keV)/(0.5-1keV)
band ratio
64- 66 F3.1 --- e_BR1 [1/8]? The 1σ error in BR1
68 A1 --- l_BR2 Limit flag on BR2
69- 72 F4.1 --- BR2 [0.4/2] The (2-4keV)/(1-2keV)
band ratio
74- 76 F3.1 --- e_BR2 [0.7/4]? The 1σ error in BR2
78 A1 --- l_logL1 Limit flag on logL1
79- 83 F5.1 [10-7W] logL1 [39.9/43] Log 0.5-2keV luminosity;
erg/s
85- 87 F3.1 [10-7W] e_logL1 [0.1/0.2]? 1σ error in logL1
89 A1 --- l_logL2 Limit flag on logL2
90- 94 F5.1 [10-7W] logL2 [39.8/43] Log 2-10keV luminosity;
erg/s
96- 98 F3.1 [10-7W] e_logL2 [0.1/0.3]? 1σ error in logL2
100 A1 --- l_logL/SFR Limit flag on logL/SFR
101-105 F5.1 [10-7W/Msun.yr] logL/SFR [39.4/41] Log 2-10keV luminosity
per mean SFR ratio
107-109 F3.1 [10-7W/Msun.yr] e_logL/SFR [0.1/0.3]? 1σ error in logL/SFR
111-114 F4.2 % fAGN [0/9] Estimated fraction of 2-10keV
emission from undetected AGN (4)
116-119 F4.2 % E_fAGN [0/7] Upper 1σ error in fAGN
121-124 F4.2 % e_fAGN [0/4] Lower 1σ error in fAGN
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Note (3): Background-subtracted.
Note (4): These estimates are computed following the methodology
outlined in Section 6.1.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 19-Aug-2016