J/ApJ/829/34 Kepler heartbeat star radial velocities (Shporer+, 2016)
Radial velocity monitoring of Kepler heartbeat stars.
Shporer A., Fuller J., Isaacson H., Hambleton K., Thompson S.E., Prsa A.,
Kurtz D.W., Howard A.W., O'Leary R.M.
<Astrophys. J., 829, 34-34 (2016)>
=2016ApJ...829...34S 2016ApJ...829...34S (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Radial velocities ; Stars, masses
Keywords: binaries: general; techniques: radial velocities
Abstract:
Heartbeat stars (HB stars) are a class of eccentric binary stars with
close periastron passages. The characteristic photometric HB signal
evident in their light curves is produced by a combination of tidal
distortion, heating, and Doppler boosting near orbital periastron.
Many HB stars continue to oscillate after periastron and along the
entire orbit, indicative of the tidal excitation of oscillation modes
within one or both stars. These systems are among the most eccentric
binaries known, and they constitute astrophysical laboratories for the
study of tidal effects. We have undertaken a radial velocity (RV)
monitoring campaign of Kepler HB stars in order to measure their
orbits. We present our first results here, including a sample of 22
Kepler HB systems, where for 19 of them we obtained the Keplerian
orbit and for 3 other systems we did not detect a statistically
significant RV variability. Results presented here are based on 218
spectra obtained with the Keck/HIRES spectrograph during the 2015
Kepler observing season, and they have allowed us to obtain the
largest sample of HB stars with orbits measured using a single
instrument, which roughly doubles the number of HB stars with an RV
measured orbit. The 19 systems measured here have orbital periods from
7 to 90 days and eccentricities from 0.2 to 0.9. We show that HB stars
draw the upper envelope of the eccentricity-period distribution.
Therefore, HB stars likely represent a population of stars currently
undergoing high eccentricity migration via tidal orbital
circularization, and they will allow for new tests of high
eccentricity migration theories.
Description:
The Keck/HIRES data analyzed and presented here includes 218 exposures
obtained during 43 nights from May to October 2015 (R∼60000).
For each of the systems presented here we have obtained at least 7
radial velocity measurements, in order to fit a Keplerian orbital
model that in our case includes 5 fitted parameters, since the orbital
period is already precisely known from Kepler photometry (see more
details in Section 2.3).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 108 22 Properties of the heartbeat systems and the
primary stars for the 22 systems studied here
table2.dat 151 19 Orbital properties of the 19 heartbeat systems
measured here
table3.dat 28 19 Statistical quantities describing the
RV Keplerian model fits
table4.dat 29 3 Heartbeat systems showing no radial velocity
variability
table5.dat 101 19 Masses of the two stars of the heartbeat systems
table6.dat 35 21 Known heartbeat systems with RV measured orbit
with P<200d
table7.dat 60 19 Predicted pseudo-synchronous stellar rotation
periods
table8.dat 34 218 Radial velocity table
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See also:
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
J/ApJS/224/12 : Kepler planetary candidates. VII. 48-month (Coughlin+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/101 : Kepler Mission. VIII. 285 false positives (Abdul-Masih+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/68 : Kepler Mission. VII. Eclipsing binaries in DR3 (Kirk+, 2016)
J/A+A/576/A88 : RVs of 8 KOI eclipsing binaries (Lillo-Box+, 2015)
J/AJ/147/119 : Sources in the Kepler field of view (Coughlin+, 2014)
J/ApJS/211/2 : Revised properties of Q1-16 Kepler targets (Huber+, 2014)
J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. Eclipsing binaries in DR2 (Slawson+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/112 : KIC photometric calibration (Brown+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/83 : Kepler Mission. I. Eclipsing binaries in DR1 (Prsa+, 2011)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectroscopic binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)
J/ApJS/141/503 : Radial Velocities for 889 late-type stars (Nidever+, 2002)
J/AJ/124/1144 : Orbits of 171 single-lined spectrosc. binaries (Latham, 2002)
http://keplerebs.villanova.edu/ : Kepler eclipsing binaries online catalog
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 -- KIC Kepler Input Catalog Designation
10- 10 A1 -- Flag RV flag; 1=non-variable RV (see table 4)
12- 20 F9.6 d Per [3.238/89.649] Orbital Period (G1)
22- 28 E7.1 d e_Per [0/0.0007] Uncertainty in Per
30- 33 I4 ppm AHB [260/3820] Photometric amplitude (1)
35- 39 F5.2 mag Kpmag [8.8/14] Kepler band magnitude
41- 44 I4 K Teff [6215/8092] Effective Temperature (2)
46- 49 I4 K E_Teff Upper uncertainty in Teff (2)
51- 54 I4 K e_Teff Lower uncertainty in Teff (2)
56- 60 F5.3 [cm/s2] logg [3.7/4.4] Log Surface Gravity (2)
62- 67 F6.3 [cm/s2] E_logg Upper uncertainty in logg (2)
69- 74 F6.3 [cm/s2] e_logg Lower uncertainty in logg (2)
76- 79 F4.2 Rsun Rad1 [1.2/3.3] Primary star radius (2)
81- 85 F5.2 Rsun E_Rad1 Upper uncertainty in Rad1 (2)
87- 91 F5.2 Rsun e_Rad1 Lower uncertainty in Rad1 (2)
93- 96 F4.2 Msun Mass1 [0.9/2.1] Primary star mass (2)
98-102 F5.2 Msun E_Mass1 Upper uncertainty in Mass1 (2)
104-108 F5.2 Msun e_Mass1 Lower uncertainty in Mass1 (2)
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Note (1): Photometric amplitude of the heartbeat signal at periastron, defined
as the full flux variation, in ppm, of the phase folded and binned
light curve. See Appendix B. The typical uncertainty is a few percent.
Note (2): Parameters taken from the revised KIC Huber+ (2014, J/ApJS/211/2).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog Designation
10- 18 F9.6 d Per [7.631/89.649] Orbital Period (G1)
20- 26 E7.1 d e_Per [0/0.0007] Uncertainty in Per
28- 35 F8.4 d T0 [200.7/269] Periastron time, BJD-2457000
37- 42 F6.4 d E_T0 Upper uncertainty in T0
44- 49 F6.4 d e_T0 Lower uncertainty in T0
51- 55 F5.2 km/s K [12/66] Radial Velocity semi-amplitude
57- 60 F4.2 km/s E_K Upper uncertainty in K
62- 65 F4.2 km/s e_K Lower uncertainty in K
67- 73 F7.3 km/s gamma [-34/26] Radial velocity zero point (γ)
75- 79 F5.3 km/s E_gamma Upper uncertainty in γ
81- 85 F5.3 km/s e_gamma Lower uncertainty in γ
87- 92 F6.4 --- e [0.24/0.9] Eccentricity
94- 99 F6.4 --- E_e Upper uncertainty in e
101-106 F6.4 --- e_e Lower uncertainty in e
108-114 F7.4 rad omega [-3/3] Argument of periastron (ω)
116-121 F6.4 rad E_omega Upper uncertainty in ω
123-128 F6.4 rad e_omega Lower uncertainty in ω
130-135 F6.4 Msun fm [0.002/0.3] Companion's mass function
137-143 F7.5 Msun E_fm Upper uncertainty in fm
145-151 F7.5 Msun e_fm Lower uncertainty in fm
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog designation
10- 13 F4.1 --- chisq [2/11] Best fit χ2
15 I1 --- DoF [2/7] Number of degrees of freedom
17 I1 --- Nfit [1/2] Number of fitting iterations
19- 22 F4.2 km/s jit [0.3/4]? Additive systematic Radial Velocity
uncertainty
24- 28 F5.3 km/s res [0.04/3] Radial Velocity residual scatter
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog Designation
10- 14 F5.2 d Per [3/58.5] Orbital Period
16- 17 I2 --- Nrv [9/20] Number of Radial Velocity observations
19- 24 F6.2 km/s [-19.8/-0.5] Mean Radial Velocity
26- 29 F4.2 km/s e_ [0.4/1.5] Scatter about Radial Velocity mean
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog designation
10- 13 F4.2 Msun Mass1 [0.9/2.1] Primary star (1)
15- 18 F4.2 Msun E_Mass1 Upper uncertainty in Mass1 (1)
20- 23 F4.2 Msun e_Mass1 Lower uncertainty in Mass1 (1)
25- 31 F7.5 Msun fm [0.002/0.3] Companion's mass function
33- 39 F7.5 Msun E_fm Upper uncertainty in fm
41- 47 F7.5 Msun e_fm Lower uncertainty in fm
49- 53 F5.3 Msun Mass2-a [0.19/1.4] Companion star mass (2)
55- 59 F5.3 Msun E_Mass2-a Upper uncertainty in Mass2-a (2)
61- 65 F5.3 Msun e_Mass2-a Lower uncertainty in Mass2-a (2)
67- 71 F5.3 Msun Mass2-b [0.2/1.7] Companion star mass (3)
73- 77 F5.3 Msun E_Mass2-b Upper uncertainty in Mass2-b (3)
79- 83 F5.3 Msun e_Mass2-b Lower uncertainty in Mass2-b (3)
85- 89 F5.3 Msun Mass2-c [0.2/1.7] Companion star mass (4)
91- 95 F5.3 Msun E_Mass2-c Upper uncertainty in Mass2-c (4)
97-101 F5.3 Msun e_Mass2-c Lower uncertainty in Mass2-c (4)
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Note (1): Parameters taken from the revised KIC Huber+ (2014, J/ApJS/211/2)
Note (2): Minimum mass estimate, assuming sin3(i)=1, meaning a completely
edge on configuration with i=90°.
Note (3): Assuming the median value of sin3(i)=0.6495, where i is
distributed as sin(i).
Note (4): Using the distribution of sin3(i), where i is distributed as sin(i).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1 I1 --- Ref Reference (1)
3- 14 A12 --- Name Heartbeat system name
16- 21 F6.2 d Per [2/175.5] Orbital Period
23- 28 F6.4 --- e [0.2/0.9] Eccentricity (2)
30- 35 F6.4 --- e_e [0.0002/0.05] Uncertainty in e
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Note (1): Literature references as follows:
1 = Beck et al. (2014A&A...564A..36B 2014A&A...564A..36B). For KIC 2697935 see also
Lillo-Box et al. (2015, J/A+A/576/A88);
3 = Hambleton et al. (2013MNRAS.434..925H 2013MNRAS.434..925H);
4 = Hambleton et al. (2016MNRAS.463.1199H 2016MNRAS.463.1199H);
5 = Hareter et al. (2014A&A...567A.124H 2014A&A...567A.124H);
6 = Maceroni et al. (2009A&A...508.1375M 2009A&A...508.1375M);
7 = Schmid et al. (2015A&A...584A..35S 2015A&A...584A..35S);
8 = Smullen et al. (2015ApJ...808..166S 2015ApJ...808..166S). Two other systems included in
that work are not listed in the table: For KIC 9899216 the orbital
parameters are not well constrained, and for KIC 3749404 we adopt
the parameters given by Hambleton et al. (2016MNRAS.463.1199H 2016MNRAS.463.1199H);
10 = Welsh et al. (2011ApJS..197....4W 2011ApJS..197....4W).
Note (2): Eccentricity values and errors are as given by the relevant reference.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog Designation
10- 18 F9.6 d Per [7.631/89.649] Orbital period (G1) (1)
20- 26 E7.1 d e_Per [0/0.0007] Uncertainty in Per
28- 33 F6.4 --- e [0.2/0.9] eccentricity
35- 40 F6.4 --- E_e [0.003/0.06] Upper uncertainty on e
42- 47 F6.4 --- e_e [0.003/0.07] Lower uncertainty on e
49- 54 F6.3 d Pps [2.9/12] Predicted pseudo-synchronous stellar
rotation period
56- 60 F5.3 d e_Pps [0.05/3.1] Uncertainty in Pps
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Note (1): For KIC 4659476, Per=58.83045 has been corrected for 58.99637 by CDS;
for consistency with value of table 2 and Kirk+, 2016, J/AJ/151/68.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog Designation
10- 19 F10.6 d BJD Mid-exposure Time, Modified Barycentric Julian
Date, BJD-2457000
21- 28 F8.3 km/s RVel [-112/74] Keck/HIRES Radial Velocity,
barycentric corrected
30- 34 F5.3 km/s e_RVel [0.06/10] Uncertainty in RVel
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Photometric period, taken from the Kepler EB catalog,
Kirk et al. (2016, J/AJ/151/68)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 13-Dec-2016