J/ApJ/829/93 CO, [CI] and [NII] lines from Herschel spectra (Kamenetzky+, 2016)
L'CO/LFIR relations with CO rotational ladders of galaxies across the
Herschel SPIRE archive.
Kamenetzky J., Rangwala N., Glenn J., Maloney P.R., Conley A.
<Astrophys. J., 829, 93-93 (2016)>
=2016ApJ...829...93K 2016ApJ...829...93K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, spectra ; Interstellar medium ;
Millimetric/submm sources
Keywords: galaxies: ISM; ISM: molecules; submillimeter: galaxies;
submillimeter: ISM; surveys
Abstract:
We present a catalog of all CO (J=4-3 through J=13-12), [CI], and
[NII] lines available from extragalactic spectra from the Herschel
SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) archive combined with
observations of the low-J CO lines from the literature and from the
Arizona Radio Observatory. This work examines the relationships
between LFIR, L'CO, and LCO/LCO,1-0. We also present a new
method for estimating probability distribution functions from marginal
signal-to-noise ratio Herschel FTS spectra, which takes into account
the instrumental "ringing" and the resulting highly correlated nature
of the spectra. The slopes of log(LFIR) versus log(L'CO) are
linear for all mid- to high-J CO lines and slightly sublinear if
restricted to (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). The mid-
to high-J CO luminosity relative to CO J=1-0 increases with increasing
LFIR, indicating higher excitement of the molecular gas, although
these ratios do not exceed ∼180. For a given bin in LFIR, the
luminosities relative to CO J=1-0 remain relatively flat from J=6-5
through J=13-12, across three orders of magnitude of LFIR. A single
component theoretical photodissociation region (PDR) model cannot
match these flat SLED shapes, although combinations of PDR models with
mechanical heating added qualitatively match the shapes, indicating
the need for further comprehensive modeling of the excitation
processes of warm molecular gas in nearby galaxies.
Description:
We compiled a list of successful extragalactic Herschel/SPIRE FTS
proposals (301 spectra) and searched the Herschel Science Archive
(HSA) for the available data. Table 1 lists the basic galaxy
information and observation IDs for all galaxies for which at least
one FTS line measurement or upper limit is reported.
The bandpass of the Herschel FTS starts around the CO J=4-3 line, but
the majority of the molecular mass in galaxies is cool and populates
the lower rotational levels. We complement the line fluxes derived
from the FTS with the CO J=1-0, J=2-1, and J=3-2 lines available from
ground-based observatories. Many of these galaxies have already been
studied in the literature, particularly in large CO surveys.
For some galaxies, we also performed single-dish measurements using
the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO). Measurements of the CO J=1-0 line
were conducted with the 12m dish on Kitt Peak in 2015 May, and those
of CO J=2-1 and J=3-2 were conducted with the Submillimeter Telescope
(SMT) located on Mt. Graham from 2014 November to 2015 February.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 81 227 Galaxies and observations utilized
table2.dat 62 2529 Line fluxes and uncertainty ranges from SPIRE FTS
table3.dat 82 753 CO J=1-0 to J=3-2 line fluxes
refs.dat 68 40 References for table 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)
J/A+A/564/A65 : Cold gas data of Herschel Reference Survey (Boselli+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/429/3047 : Observational parameters of SMGs programme (Bothwell+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/426/2601 : CO lines in luminous IR galaxies (Papadopoulos+, 2012)
J/ApJS/195/14 : Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS). V. (Schlingman+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/414/940 : ATLAS3D project. IV. (Young+, 2011)
J/ApJ/724/1336 : An extragalactic 12CO J=3-2 survey (Mao+, 2010)
J/A+AS/115/439 : CO survey of galaxies (Elfhag+, 1996)
J/A+A/295/585 : CO observations in NGC 1365 (Sandqvist+, 1995)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- ID Galaxy identifier (Herschel target)
18 A1 --- f_ID [a] Flag on ID (1)
20- 21 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 24 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
26- 30 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
32 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
33- 34 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
36- 37 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
39- 42 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
44- 47 F4.1 [Lsun] logLFIR [6/12.6]? Log Far-IR (40-120um) luminosity
49- 52 I4 Mpc Dist [1/5818] Luminosity distance
54- 55 I2 --- ndet [0/13] Number of 3σ detections (2)
57- 58 I2 --- nul Number of upper limits (2)
60- 69 I10 --- FTS Herschel SPIRE FTS Observation ID
71- 81 A11 --- Phot Herschel SPIRE Photometer Observation ID
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1):
a = Photometry correction was not performed on extended FTS
spectrum, see Section 2.2.
Note (2): Reported in Table 2 out of our 13 fitted lines:
CO J=4-3 to J=13-12, two [CI] lines, and one [NII].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 16 A16 --- ID Galaxy identifier
18- 24 A7 --- Line Line identifier
26- 26 A1 --- f_Line [X] Line is resolved?
28- 35 E8.2 Jy.km/s Flux [14/89800] Median line flux in Line
37- 44 E8.2 Jy.km/s b_Flux Lower 1σ boundary for Flux
46- 53 E8.2 Jy.km/s B_Flux Upper 1σ boundary for Flux
55- 62 E8.2 Jy.km/s UpLim ? The 3σ upper limit on the Line flux (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): If blank the line is considered at least a 3σ detection.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 19 A19 --- ID Galaxy identifier
21 I1 --- Jup [1/7] Upper J level
23- 30 E8.3 --- RFlux [0/28600] Reported line flux
32- 39 E8.3 --- sigmam [0/3400] Measurement error in RFlux (1)
41- 48 E8.3 --- sigmac [0/2950] Calibration error in RFlux (1)
50- 54 A5 --- x_RFlux Units of RFlux (2)
56- 58 I3 km/s dv [11/580]? Line velocity Full-Width
at Half-Maximum
60- 61 I2 arcsec Omegab [8/55]? Beam size Full-Width at Half-Maximum
63- 70 E8.3 Jy.km/s Flux [0/89300]? This analysis line flux (3)
72- 79 E8.3 Jy.km/s e_Flux [0.3/26800]? Total uncertainty in Flux (3)
81- 82 I2 --- r_RFlux Reference for RFlux (see refs.dat file)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): When sigmam and sigmac are separately reported, otherwise calibration
errors are assumed or contain total error.
Note (2):
Jykms = Jy.km/s;
Kkms = K.km/s.
Note (3): Referred to the 43.5 beam.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 46 A23 --- Auth Author(s)
48- 68 A21 --- Comm Comment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 13-Dec-2016