J/ApJ/831/134 BH masses & host galaxy dispersion vel. (van den Bosch, 2016)
Unification of the fundamental plane and super massive black hole masses.
van den Bosch R.C.E.
<Astrophys. J., 831, 134-134 (2016)>
=2016ApJ...831..134V 2016ApJ...831..134V (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Galaxy catalogs ; QSOs ; Active gal. nuclei ;
Velocity dispersion ; References
Keywords: catalogs; galaxies: bulges; galaxies: fundamental parameters;
galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; gravitation;
quasars: supermassive black holes
Abstract:
According to the virial theorem, all gravitational systems in
equilibrium sit on a plane in the three-dimensional parameter space
defined by their mass, size, and second moment of the velocity tensor.
While these quantities cannot be directly observed, there are suitable
proxies: the luminosity Lk, half-light radius Re, and dispersion
σe. These proxies indeed lie on a very tight fundamental plane
(FP). How do the black holes (BHs) in the centers of galaxies relate
to the FP? Their masses are known to exhibit no strong correlation
with total galaxy mass, but they do correlate weakly with bulge mass
(when present), and extremely well with the velocity dispersion
through the M•∝σe5.4 relation. These facts
together imply that a tight plane must also exist defined by BH mass,
total galaxy mass, and size. Here, I show that this is indeed the case
using a heterogeneous set of 230 BHs. The sample includes BHs from
zero to 10 billion solar masses and host galaxies ranging from low
surface brightness dwarfs, through bulgeless disks, to brightest
cluster galaxies. The resulting BH-size-luminosity relation
M•∝(Lk/Re)3.8 has the same amount of scatter as
the M*-σ relation and is aligned with the galaxy FP, such that
it is just a reprojection of σe. The inferred BH-size-mass
relation is M•∝(M*/Re)2.9. These relationships
are universal and extend to galaxies without bulges. This implies that
the BH is primarily correlated with its global velocity dispersion and
not with the properties of the bulge. I show that the classical
bulge-mass relation is a projection of the M*-σ relation. When
the velocity dispersion cannot be measured (at high z or low
dispersions), the BH-size-mass relation should be used as a proxy for
BH mass in favor of just galaxy or bulge mass.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 119 245 Sample of the black hole mass measurements and
the growth curve photometry
table3.dat 118 33 Sample of the black hole mass measurements that
have incomplete data and are hence excluded
from the fits
table4.dat 91 15 BH mass measurements in Globular Clusters
refs.dat 74 120 References
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See also:
J/ApJ/826/L32 : Black hole masses in megamaser disk galaxies (Greene+, 2016)
J/ApJ/817/128 : Megamaser Cosmology Project. VIII. NGC5765B (Gao+, 2016)
J/ApJ/817/2 : High angular resolution spectrosc. of NGC 1277 (Walsh+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/454/3864 : Orientation + QSO BH mass estimation (Brotherton+ 2015)
J/MNRAS/454/3722 : AGN in nearby low-mass galaxies (Sartori+, 2015)
J/ApJ/813/82 : z<0.06 broad-line AGN emission-line measures (Reines+, 2015)
J/ApJ/808/183 : NGC1271 stellar kinematics (Walsh+, 2015)
J/ApJS/218/10 : HET Massive Galaxy Survey (HETMGS) (van den Bosch+, 2015)
J/ApJ/799/148 : DEIMOS galaxy sample at z∼0.7 (Bezanson+, 2015)
J/ApJ/797/55 : WISE photometry of dust-free stellar systems (Norris+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/443/1151 : AIMSS Project. I. Compact Stellar Systems (Norris+, 2014)
J/A+A/566/A58 : Radial velocities in M3, M13, and M92 (Kamann+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/93 : Simulation of massive early type galaxies (Do+, 2014)
J/ApJ/782/45 : SEAMBHs. I. Mrk 142, Mrk 335, and IRAS F12397+3333 (Du+, 2014)
J/ApJ/775/116 : z<0.06 active black hole galaxies from SDSS-DR8 (Reines+, 2013
J/ApJ/769/107 : RVs and [Fe/H] of star members of NGC 6388 (Lanzoni+, 2013)
J/AJ/146/45 : Spectroscopy of 6 early-type galaxies (Rusli+, 2013)
J/A+A/552/A49 : ARGUS images of 6 Galactic GCs (Lutzgendorf+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/426/416 : Mrk6 Hα, Hβ, Hγ spectra (Doroshenko+, 2012)
J/ApJ/755/60 : Reverberation mapping for 5 Seyfert 1 galaxies (Grier+, 2012)
J/ApJS/201/29 : Velocity dispersions in active galaxies (Harris+, 2012)
J/A+A/533/A36 : VI photometry & velocity map of NGC 6388 (Luetzgendorf+, 2011)
J/A+A/531/A4 : Ultra compact dwarfs and globulars in Hya I (Misgeld+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/413/813 : ATLAS3D project. I. (Cappellari+, 2011)
J/ApJ/732/121 : V-band and Hβ monitoring of Z299-15 (Barth+, 2011)
J/ApJ/727/20 : The Megamaser Cosmology Project (MCP). III. (Kuo+, 2011)
J/ApJ/702/1353 : Hβ and V-band light curves of NGC 4051 (Denney+, 2009)
J/ApJS/182/216 : Surface photometry of Virgo ellipticals (Kormendy+, 2009)
J/ApJ/692/856 : Supermassive black holes masses upper limits (Beifiori+, 2009)
J/ApJ/690/20 : Models of the AGN and black hole populations (Shankar+, 2009)
J/ApJ/670/105 : Velocity profile of NGC 4151 (Onken+, 2007)
J/ApJ/670/92 : New sample of low-mass black holes in AGN (Greene+, 2007)
J/ApJS/166/249 : Stellar dynamics & proper motions in 47Tuc (McLaughlin+, 2006)
J/ApJ/641/L21 : BH mass and velocity dispersion relation (Greene+, 2006)
J/ApJ/632/799 : NGC4395 light curves (Peterson+, 2005)
J/ApJ/613/682 : AGN central masses & broad-line region sizes (Peterson+, 2004)
J/A+A/420/147 : Velocity in 6 spiral galaxies (Blais-Ouellette+, 2004)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[23].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Name Name
16 I1 --- f_Name ? Omission Flag (1)
18- 25 F8.3 Mpc Dist [0.008/1251] Distance
27- 30 F4.1 Mpc e_Dist [0/27.5]? Uncertainty in Dist
32- 36 F5.2 [Msun] logBHMass [0/10.4] Black Hole Mass, log solar units
38- 41 F4.2 [Msun] E_logBHMass [0.02/7] Upper uncertainty on BHMass
43- 46 F4.2 [Msun] e_logBHMass [0/9.3] Lower uncertainty on BHMass
48- 51 F4.2 [km/s] logsigma [1.1/2.6]? Stellar velocity dispersion
inside Re, log km/s
53- 56 F4.2 [km/s] e_logsigma [0.01/0.2]? Uncertainty on σ
58- 62 F5.2 [Lsun] logLk [8.2/12.3]? Total luminosity, log solar units
64- 67 F4.2 [Lsun] e_logLk [0.03/0.4]? Uncertainty in logLk
69- 73 F5.2 [kpc] logRe [-1.7/1.5]? Half-light radius (=R50), log kpc
75- 78 F4.2 [kpc] e_logRe [0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty in Re
80- 83 F4.2 --- cov [0.02/0.2]? Covariance between Lk and Re
85- 88 F4.1 --- C28 [2.5/11]? Concentration, 5log(R20/R80)
90- 92 F3.1 --- e_C28 [0.1/4]? Uncertainty in C28
94- 98 F5.2 [Lsun] logAGN [6.5/12]? Non-stellar AGN flux,
log solar units
100-103 F4.2 [Lsun] e_logAGN [0/4.2]? Uncertainty in logL-AGN
105-110 A6 --- Meth Method used for BH mass measurement (2)
112-119 A8 --- Refs Literature Reference(s) (see refs.dat file)
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Note (1): Omission Flag as follows:
1 = Objects omitted from the fits.
2 = Objects omitted due to incomplete data;
3 = Omitted because of the availability of a stellar dynamical
BH mass measurement.
Blank indicates included in fits.
Note (2): Method used for BH mass measurement as follows:
CO = gas dynamic;
gas = gas dynamic;
maser = megamasers;
reverb = reverberation mapping;
star = stellar dynamics;
stars = stellar dynamics.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 A7 --- Name Name
9- 9 A1 --- f_Name Photometry Flag (1)
11- 18 F8.6 Mpc Dist Distance
21- 24 F4.2 [Msun] logBHMass Black Hole Mass, log solar units
26- 29 F4.2 [Msun] E_logBHMass Upper uncertainty on BHMass
31- 34 F4.2 [Msun] e_logBHMass Lower uncertainty on BHMass
36- 39 F4.2 [km/s] logsigma Stellar velocity dispersion inside Re,
log km/s
41- 44 F4.2 [km/s] e_logsigma ? Uncertainty on σ
46- 49 F4.2 [Lsun] logLk ? Total luminosity, log solar units
51- 54 F4.2 [Lsun] e_logLk ? Uncertainty in logLk
56- 60 F5.2 [kpc] logRe ? Half-light radius (=R50), log kpc
62- 65 F4.2 [kpc] e_logRe ? Uncertainty in Re
67- 70 F4.2 --- cov ? Covariance between Lk and Re
72- 74 F3.1 --- C28 ? Concentration, 5log(R20/R80)
76- 78 F3.1 --- e_C28 ? Uncertainty in C28
82- 83 A2 --- Meth [GC] Method used for BH mass measurement
(GC=globular cluster)
85- 91 A7 --- Refs Literature References (see refs.dat file)
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Note (1): Photometry derived from growth curves except where
X = 2MASS large galaxy atlas (LGA), Jarrett+ (2003AJ....125..525J 2003AJ....125..525J)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode of the reference
25- 53 A29 --- Auth First author's name(s)
55- 74 A20 --- Comm Comment
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 06-Feb-2017